Download - Pancreas (2)
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PÁNCREAS ENDOCRINO
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• Glandula digestiva
• Enzimas digestivas
• Procesar alimentos
exocrino
• Insulina
• Glucagón
• Somatostatina
• Polipeptido pancreático PP
• Absorcion, almacenanmiento y metabolismo
endocrino
… Diabetes Mellitus
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ANATOMIA
1 -2 , millones de
islotes de Langerhans .Vol: 1-1.5% de masa total
Tipos celulares:
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El gen se localiza en el brazo corto del cromosoma 11.
Molecula precursora preproinsulina pm:11500
Clatrina
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Insulina: 51 aa, contiene 2 cadenas peptidicas: A
con 21 aa y B 30; se conectan por 2 puentes
disulfuro.
Peso molecular: 5 808
T1/2 3-5 min
Se metaboliza en higado (50%), riñon y placenta.
SECRECIÓN
30 U/D
[basal] en ayuno: 10µU/ml
+ 10 min despues de comer (100uU/ml)
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EFECTOS METABOLICOS
Almacenamiento de nutrientes
EFECTOS PARACRINOS
Insulina en Células α = -glucagón.
Cel δsomatostatina– inhibe glucagón
La liberacion de hormonas depende de las
proporciones de carbohidratos y proteinas
ingeridos
+ carbohidratos= -glucagón
+proteínas = + glucagón
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EFECTOS ENDOCRINOS DE LA INSULINA
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POLIPEPTIDO AMILOIDE DE LOS ISLOTES
(AMILINA)
37aa. Se produce en cel. Β
Se secreta con la insulina
depositos amiloides en los islotes de px con DM.
Tipo 2 de larga evolucion.
Depositos: proteinas fibrilares insolubles
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GLUCAGÓN
Preproglucagon ubicado en cromosoma 2
39 aa . pm 3485
[plasmatica]75pg/ml (30-40% es pancreatico)
T1/2 3-6min
Eliminacion: via hepatica y renal
SECRECION
Inhibida por glucosa y Ac.grasos
+ aa (arginina: libera tambien insulina)
Catecolaminas, HGI, alanina, gastrina…
Estimulacion simpatica y parasimpatica (vagal)
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ACCION
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SOMATOSTATINA
Brazo largo del cromosoma 3.
14aa
Cel δ
Inhibe hormona del crecimiento
Tipos
14- SNC y pancreas
28- ID, encefalo. + potenten inhibiendo: insulina,
glucagón y GH
Secreción: glucosa,arginina, HGI, tolbutamida
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Regulador pancreatico de los islotes
[plasmatica] -80pg/ml
T1/2 3min.
FUNCIONES
Prolonga tiempo de basiamiento gastrico
Reduce -> de acido gastrico
Disminuye secrecion exocrina del pancreas
Disminuye flujo sanguineo espácnico
retarda absorcion de xilosa
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PEPTIDO PANCREATICO
36aa pm 4200
[basal] 24 pmol/L
Glaucoma, insulinoma: 300pmol/l