EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre1
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFTEEC Innovative Research
Dec, 2004
Laurent GUICHARD (Project Leader, ATM)Sandrine GUIBERT (ATC)Horst HERING (Engineering)
Khaled BELAHCENE (Math Mod., Airspace)Didier DOHY (ATM, System)Jean-Yves GRAU (HF)Jean NOBEL (ATM, ATC)Julie LABORDE dit BOURIAT (Law Student)
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre2
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Focus
Time Focus: 2020
En-route optimization through its integration in theglobal air transport .
Global objectives:Answer to the capacity needMaintain the safety levelBetter punctualityPerformance, cost --> efficiency
Ponctuality
Capacity Safety
Environment
Performance
Efficiency
Cost
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre3
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Background & Scope
Paradigm SHIFT
CDM
ACARE EUROCONTROLOCD
C-ATM
SESAME
G2G
Operational Concepts(Top/Down)
AFAS/MAFAS
DataLink
ASAS
SWIMLEONARDO
Support Tools (Bottom/Up)
Airline view
Recommandations (user preferences)
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre4
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: Analyse
From the analysis, three main axis have to be investigate:
ConsistencyConsistency FlexibilityFlexibility RobustnessRobustness
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre5
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: Analyse
From the analysis, three main axis have to be investigate:
FlexibilityFlexibility RobustnessRobustness
Functional and operational continuity:Actors are linked together through the aircraft lifecycleSame object but:
different constraints (Airlines, ANSPs, Airports, ...)different time scale (1 year, 1 month, 10 mn ...)different granularity
ex: ATC / ATFM
Functional and operational continuity:Actors are linked together through the aircraft lifecycleSame object but:
different constraints (Airlines, ANSPs, Airports, ...)different time scale (1 year, 1 month, 10 mn ...)different granularity
ex: ATC / ATFM
ConsistencyConsistency
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre6
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: Analyse
From the analysis, three main axis have to be investigate:
ConsistencyConsistency RobustnessRobustness
The traffic is non homogeneousnature: cruise, servicing airports …operations: standard route, direct routing, free flightfluctuation: morning /evening, summer/winter, ...
Managing traffic is a domain of expertise a the local level
Flexibility => allow best use of resources = efficiency
The traffic is non homogeneousnature: cruise, servicing airports …operations: standard route, direct routing, free flightfluctuation: morning /evening, summer/winter, ...
Managing traffic is a domain of expertise a the local level
Flexibility => allow best use of resources = efficiency
FlexibilityFlexibility
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre7
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: Analyse
From the analysis, three main axis have to be investigate:
ConsistencyConsistency FlexibilityFlexibility
Uncertainty is part of Air Navigation System:build the system with and not against.
Management of disruptionContaining residual uncertainty inside windows
Integrate windows to planing:to optimise resources (constraint only when necessary)to define transparent and achievable objectives for ATC
(improve stability and confidence)
Uncertainty is part of Air Navigation System:build the system with and not against.
Management of disruptionContaining residual uncertainty inside windows
Integrate windows to planing:to optimise resources (constraint only when necessary)to define transparent and achievable objectives for ATC
(improve stability and confidence)
RobustnessRobustness
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre8
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: Concepts
From the analysis, three main axis have to be investigate:
ConsistencyConsistency FlexibilityFlexibility RobustnessRobustness
ParadigmSHIFT
DualAirspace
Operationalplan
Targetwindows
DecentralisedDesign
Contractof Objective
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre9
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Paradigm SHIFT: ConceptsToday Paradigm SHIFT
Plan
ning
Exec
utio
n
ATCManage a/c separation
ATCManage a/c separation
ATFMBest use
predefined resources with constraints
Global optimisationon local resources
ATFMBest use
predefined resources with constraints
Global optimisationon local resources
Flight Plan (OBT)
Airspace
CapacityConstraints
Demand
Objectives are shared and transparent
Punctuality is lostNo link planning / execution
ATCManage a/c separation
and Objectives
ATCManage a/c separation
and Objectives
Contract of ObjectiveATC object representing
punctuality and efficiencyfor a flight: Flight plan with
target windows
Operational PlanProcess to obtain
consensus onreachable objectives
Local resources optimisation
to match global constraints
Operational PlanProcess to obtain
consensus onreachable objectives
Local resources optimisation
to match global constraints
Full Air/Ground integration
Full Air/Ground integration
AirspaceDecentralisedoptimisation
AirspaceDecentralisedoptimisation
Actorscollaboration
Actorscollaboration
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre10
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational contract associated to a flight :punctuality at destination airportintegrated efficiency: linking planning and executioncommon objectives: operational continuity linking actorsmarked out by target windows
Contract of Objective
Control Unit
Control Unit
Control Unit
In-BlockTime
1 flight = 1 CoO
ANSP3(Approach)
ANSP1Airport ANSP2 AirportTWR TWR
On groundOn ground On FlightTaxiing Taxiing
Say what you doDo what you say
Off-BlockTime
LandingTakeoff
OptimisationDMAN
OptimisationAMAN
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre11
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
4D intervals to constrain trafficin order to ensure planning is respected
Target windows
Downstream issues reflected at actor level:Efficiency
Destination punctualityTechnical capability (flight envelope, ...)Congested en-route area (bottleneck)
ResilienceResidual uncertainty (disruptions management)open room of adaptation to operation to ensure resilience to disruptionsLimits chain reactions
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre12
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational PlanStrategic level
Macroscopic approach rather than a temporal referenceDefines collaboration between actors allowing them to coordinate (i.e. agreed interfaces) called Operational AgreementOperational Agreement: traffic resulting from the expressed & agreed constraints of involved actors (initial source of contracts of objectives)
Collaborative & transparent mechanism involving all actorsAirlines, Airports & ANSPs (civil & military providers)
Conciliate demand with scarce resources
Demand
Resources
Refinement & enhancement processIterative evaluation of demand versus resourcesAdaptive granularity description regarding disruptions
Operational Agreement
AgreedTrade-off
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre13
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
time
AirLines
OAr1
Rotations
Airportcapacity
Actor preparation phaseActor publication phase
Airports
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre14
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
Conciliate initial demand & airport capacityLarge granularity
Initial demandRotations described as successive airborne segments linked by airport operations on ground
Airborne segment defined by a city pair & an average flight durationOn ground segment defined by an average «airport operation» time
Airport capacityAn average number of landing & taking off aircraft for a given time frame (mitigate by on ground operations)
Come to a first Operational Agreement (OAr1)
Considering first, highly constrained resources : Runways
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre15
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
time
ANS Providers
AirLines
OAr2OAr1
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Rotations
Airportcapacity
Control capacity
Actor preparation phaseActor publication phase
ANTICIPATE DISRUPTION
Disruption forecast(e.g. meteo forecast)
OAf
Airports
Disruptions
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre16
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
Integrating ANSPs constraints & resourcesRefine Operational Agreement by inserting control capacity
Medium granularityConciliate control resources to demand, build first strategic trafficRefine airport capacity by taking into account control constraints (reduce time frame window size)Enhance departure & arrival time windows for initial demand
Come to the second Operational Agreement (OAr2)
Anticipation of disruptions (survey process)Integrate disruption forecast to align iteratively strategic traffic & interfaces
Come to the final Operational Agreement (OAf)
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre17
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
time
ANS Providers
AirLines
Disruptions
OAr2OAr1
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DISRUPTION MANAGEMENT
Rotations
Airportcapacity
Control capacity
Actor preparation phaseActor publication phase
ANTICIPATE DISRUPTION
Disruption forecast(e.g. meteo forecast)
OAf
Airports
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre18
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
Real Time adaptation of the traffic scheme
Integrate disruptions to continuously enhance rotation schemes
Small granularityAmend strategic traffic induced by disruptions detectionRefine & adapt airport capacity to departure time window (define slot lists)
Come to most accurate flight description (iterative drafting of Contract of Objectives)
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre19
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
time
ANS Providers
AirLines
Disruptions
OAr2OAr1
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DISRUPTION MANAGEMENT
CoO 2
CoO 1
CoO 4
CoO 3
Rotations
Airportcapacity
Control capacity
Actor preparation phaseActor publication phase
ANTICIPATE DISRUPTION
Disruption forecast(e.g. meteo forecast)
OAf
Airports
Renegociate CoO 4
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre20
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Operational Plan
A strategic level involvement
Specific situations induce that contract of objectives cannot be assumedExit of target windows is a disruption
Need early detectionContinuous tracking of the flight progress
Need solving process with a strategic viewEvaluate induced “chain reaction” mechanismAllow best alternatives at a global levelEnsure overall consistency regarding planned/reorganized operations
Number of occurrences is a performance indicatorCorrective post analysis
Tune target windows from operational plan to minimize occurrences
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre21
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Airspace Issues
Set of 4D constraints imposed to each flight prior to operations
Alleviates operator’s WorkloadCreates a Safety layer
Affects Trajectory efficiency
Freedom
Efficiency
Constraints
Capacity
Free Flight
Free Route
Standard Routes Highways
Traffic
Airspace
Low Density
High Density
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre22
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Design of the Air Navigation Services
Organization of En-Route resources by the ANSP
Tactical balanceTrafficAirspace ATC working methods and tools
Local homogeneity
Decentralized Black Box modelMacroscopic strategic planningContractual specification of interfacesLocal responsibility of tactical planningAutonomous design process
Operational diversity
Reaching an agreementIterations refining strategic Traffic descriptionCoordination scheme ensuring traffic continuityEarly involvement of Military users
Flight consistency
Traffic
Airspace ATC
SafetyCapacityEfficiency
Airlines AirportsOperational Plan
ANSP 2
TrafficTraffic Traffic
ANSP 1 ANSP 3
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre23
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Dense Traffic Area
Dual Airspace
CohabitationIndependent operations
OpacityNo IntrusionMinimal HindranceTransition via Airlocks
Resilience to Disruptions
HighwayLong haul, Cruise trafficParallel Tracks
Features :Easy TrajectoriesDifficult Input
Challenges :CapacityPunctuality
Airspace & ATC :New ParadigmParallel lanesDelegationECAC-wide continuity
DistrictAirport Service, short haulsDiverging / Converging traffic patterns
Features :Difficult TrajectoriesStable Input / Output
Challenges :SeparationSequencing
Airspace & ATC :As usual, with better specialization
High Density Operational ConceptTraffic split according to ATC issues (a/c phase of flight)
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INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Highway Features
Districts Highways
Continental Major Flows
Parallel Lanes
Vertical Layers
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INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Aeronautical Airlock
District ATC responsible for horizontal manoeuvreHighway ATC responsible for vertical manoeuvrePersonal airlock guarantees Safety for aircraft
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INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Working methods innovation & legal issues
Change in working methods, airspace structure ...=> impact on operators juridical responsibilities
The task sharing between:Human/HumanHuman/Machine
CertificationGround/Board
For the project:Completing multidisciplinary team by juridical approachLeading some choice of design
For the Law:Avoiding legal deadlockTechnical evolution => Regulation evolution
Juridical implications : - responsibilities ?- delegations ? …
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre27
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
A concrete application : the dual airspace
“Intercontinental Highways”States sovereignty (International Law)Route Charges (Public Law, Aviation Law)ATCOs’ status (International, Public, Civil Law and why not an ATM Law?)
Design issues :Should the 2 sub-systems visualize the other’s traffic?
yes = possibility to be responsible of these aircraftno = no possible responsibility
Establish clear connection between the 2 sub-systemsTo avoid responsibilities problemsTo create confidence in the juridical system for ATCOs
Conflict between Safety and Responsibility
Article 121-3du code pénal
French Law
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre28
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Research Agenda
ParadigmSHIFT
Ground
Board
Actors
DualAirspace
Process
Highways
Cohabitation
Strategic Traffic
Operationalplan
Targetwindows
Modeling
Disruptions
Infrastructure & support
Interoperability certification
Operational continuity
Contractof Objective
Trafficconstraining
DecentralisedDesign
EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre29
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Planning 2005/2006
2005
Experimentation
Exploration + Prototyping
Exploration + Prototyping
S
Experimentation
2006 S
Exploration
1 Impact of Highway on District
2 Contract of Objective for ATCO
3 Connexion District& Autoroute
Data
Data
Data
Data