Download - Part 6 - Class Amphibia and tetrapod origins. Class Amphibia (sensu stricto) 3 living orders
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Part 6 - Class Amphibia and tetrapod origins
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Class Amphibia (sensu stricto)
3 living orders
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Class Amphibia also called Lissamphibia
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All sorts of “amphibians” in the fossil record
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lobe-fin fish
†early tetrapods: labyrinthodonts, ichthyostegans, “fish-o-pods”
Lepospondyli, †Anthracosaurs
Amnoita
Temnospondyli
Lissamphibia = Class Amphibia (s.s.)
† various dead ends
† various dead ends
† various dead ends
aquatic
terrestrial
fish
tetrapod
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non-Amniote, non-amphibian tetrapods
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non-Amniote, non-amphibian tetrapods
Often called “amphibians”
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Class Amphibia
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non-Amniote, non-amphibian tetrapods
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Tetrapod Origins
Ray Troll
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“Fishes”
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Internal choanae (nares)
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Rhipidistian “fish”
Eusthenopteron
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Eusthenopteron
Rhipidistian “fishes”
Probably ‘terrestrial’ only in an emergency
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“fish-o-pods”
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Tiktaalik
“Fish-o-pods”
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Tiktaalik
“fishes”
“fishopod”
tetrapods
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1st terrestrial tetrapods
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“Fish” Tetrapod
?
Limbs with digits
strengthened limb girdles
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† Acanthostega
Early tetrapod trackway
1st Terrestrial tetrapods – Ichthyostegans, Labyrinthodonts
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Labyrintodonts
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Ichthyostega
Labyrintodonts
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1st terrestrial tetrapods
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A divergence
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Lepospondyls
Terminospondyls
on to amniotes
on to amphibians
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Lepospondyls and Antracosaurs
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Lepospondyls and Antracosaurs
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Anthracosaurs
trending more terrestrial
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Lepospondyls and Antracosaurs
On to the amniotes ….
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One hypothesis
Early amniotes
Anthracosaur – anamniote
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But first the amphibians
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Ray Troll
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Devonian 416-360 mya
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Carboniferous 360-300 mya
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Temnospondyli
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Terminospondylson our way to amphibians (sensu stricto)
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EryopsTemnospondyli
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Lissamphibia Class Amphibia (sensu stricto)
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Class Amphibia (sensu stricto)
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360-300 mya
Originated and diversified the Carboniferous
Class Amphibia
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Problems with Terrestrial Living
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Problems with Terrestrial Living
Solutions
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Solutions
Senses
Olfaction and hearing
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Hearing
Solutions
Senses
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SolutionsRespiration
lungs and skin
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Solutions
Circulation
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Single pump / single circuit system
FishesCirculation
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Tetrapods - primitive
Separate respiratory and systemic circuits
lungs
body
Circulation
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Fishes AmphibiansCirculation
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Solutions
Circulation
to skinto skin
lunglung
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Amphibian heart
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Wastes
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Skeletal and muscle innovations
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Amphibians still tied to water
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lobe-fin fish
†early tetrapods: labyrinthodonts, ichthyostegans, “fish-o-pods”
Lepospondyli, †Anthracosaurs
Amnoita
Temnospondyli
Lissamphibia = Class Amphibia (s.s.)
† various dead ends
† various dead ends
† various dead ends
aquatic
terrestrial
fish
tetrapod
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Class AmphibiaLiving Diversity
3 orders
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Order Gymnophiona (aka Apoda)
caecilians
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Order Caudata (aka Urodela)
Salamanders
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Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus)
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Plethodontidae
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Salamander Eggs
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Aneides aeneus – green salamander
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Gill bearing Salamander larvae
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Neoteny
Paedomorphosis
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Amphiuma
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Siren
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Cryptobranchus
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Plethodontidae
our family has no lungs
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Order Anura
Frogs and toads
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Triassic Frogs
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Frog and Toad
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Rana
Leopard frogs
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Hyla
Tree frogs
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Toads
Bufo
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Size range
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Burrowing and Hibernating
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Frog Calls
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Frog Calls
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Amplexus
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Frog Eggs
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Tadpoles
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Metamorphosis
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Feeding niches
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Rana catesbeiana
Bull Frog
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Bull Frog
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Bull Frog
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Some native Arizona leopard frogs
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Protected Arizona snake
MEXICAN GARTERSNAKE Thamnophis eques
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Cane toad
Bufo marinus
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Xenopus
African clawed frog
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Amphibian Conservation
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CI Diversity
Hyla regilla
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Batrachoseps nigriventris
Bufo boreas
CI Diversity
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Rana draytonii - California Red legged Frog
a declining species