26/01/05 A. Geiser, Discussion on T2K 1
Participation in T2K neutrino program? benefits, options, and opportunities
Introduction Outline of current questions in neutrino physics The T2K program Detector and schedules DESY-specific aspects Conclusions
Achim Geiser
ZEUS DESY group discussion on future opportunities 26. January 05
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The T2K project
50 GeV p~1 GeV
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Assumptions on constraints
DESY contribution initially limited to manpower and resources as outlined in the HGF request
further contribution should be scalable both upwards and downwards, depending on resources and roadmap for DESY participation in ILC
need long term future option
individual DESY physicists cannot simultaneously participate in HERA and ILC and external activity (group can)
-> external activity in addition to declining HERA activity/stepping up ILC activity
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Current issues in neutrino physics
conservative assumption: neutrino oscillations are established! Super-K, SNO, KamLand + many others -> neutrinos have mass, (minimal) extension of Standard Model!
quark masses (6) and mixing parameters (4) are now all known; recently completed by CP violation parameters from Belle/Babar
out of the corresponding 10 mass and mixing parameters of the lepton sector (slide) , only 7 are (partially) known: me, m, m, m2
12, 12 („solar“), |m223|, 23 („atm“)
remain to be measured: absolute mass scale (tritium beta decay, double beta decay) sign of m2
23 mass hierarchy (slide) , matter effects
13 ! (~equivalent to Vub)
CP violation!!
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Current issues in neutrino physics
CP violation can only be measured if 13 /= 0 !
need 3-generation mixing!
Sign of m223 can only be measured if 13 /= 0 !
need e contribution! (matter effects)
leptonic CP violation might be able to explain baryon asymmetry in the universe (standard model instanton processes in Big Bang can turn lepton asymmetry into baryon asymmetry)
quark sector CP violation cannot (too small!)
measurement of 13 is very fundamental! T2K phase I
interest of CP violation is obvious T2K phase II + neutrino factory
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T2K (2009~)
K2K (1999~2005?)
Super-Kamiokande
40m250km
J-PARC@JAERI
CHOOZexcluded
sin2213
Sensitivity on e appearance
~20times
Neutrino physics at J-PARCTokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) LBL experiment
Off-axis sub-GeV beam from J-PARC 50GeV-PS
~3000 CC int./yr (w/o osc.) e appearance discovery disapp. precise meas. 5 year const. Start exp. in 2009.
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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The T2K program
end of 2004: phase I finally approved!
2005-2008 prepare near detector,
reequip Super-K (far detector) with full phototube density
(1. April?) 2009: start data taking
(when they say april 1, they mean april 1)
measure/limit 13 ! (best sensitivity worldwide)
if /= 0, CP violation and matter effects can be large!
improve measurements of sin223 (=1 or not?) and m223
standard neutrino physics with near detector
in parallel, prepare for phase 2 (start 20xx?):
higher intensity beam (proton driver), intermediate detector, HK
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Location of JAERI at Tokai
TOKYO
KEK
JAERI
NARITA
KAMIOKA
Tokai
Tsukuba
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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Replies to Recommendations (2)
Recommendation #3: The IAC strongly recommends that the neutrino oscillation experiment be brought into Phase I with additional supplementary funding. This would send a clear signal for international collaboration in this area. The neutrino project was approved for construction.
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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Construction Schedule
Linac
3 GeV
50 GeV
Materials + Life
Nuclear-Particle
Neutrino (plan)
Others
Salt Farms
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Bldg. construction
Equip. constructionBeamtest
Construction
Archelogical studies
Construction Schedule (as of Oct., 2003)
FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008
BeamConstruction Start
study report
1) Budget and Schedule
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Expected Beam Power
Beam Test
0.2
0.0
MW
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
JFY2007
平成23年度 平成24年度平成19年度 平成20年度 平成21年度 平成22年度
Usage for Experiments
Usage for Experiments
Usage for Experiment
3 GeVNeutron and Muon Construction
Construction
Construction
KEK PSPower
Completion of200 MeV Linac
400 MeV Linac Construction
200 MeVon Day 1
Expected Beam Power at 3 GeV
400 MeVon Day 1
400 MeV installationin 2008-2010
JFY2008 JFY2009 JFY2010 JFY2011 JFY2012
Completionof T2K
50 GeVNuclear - Particle
T 2 K Experiment
1) Budget and Schedule
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IAC, March 2004
2) Construction Status S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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3 GeV Quadrupole Magnet 2) Construction Status
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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Letters of Intent for 50 GeV
Announce of LoI call : July 2002 Thirty LoI’s were submitted by early 2003
Strangeness nuclear physics 7 Nuclear/hadron physics 7 Kaon decay physics 4 Muon physics 3 Neutrino physics 1 Future facilities 8
478 physicists with 2/3 from outside Japan. Asian participation is still few.
Call for proposals: Most likely, within half(?) a year, if no further delay is observed for the 50 GeV construction.
Nuclear/Particle Facility LOI Authors
Total #= 478
Japan
North America
Europe
Asia
4) Letters of Intent
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Timeline for 50 GeV Proposals
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
NowBeam
Final Decision onDay-1 Experiments
Call forProposals
Formation of PAC
Discussionof LoI's
Current Issue before the formatin of PAC: Organization at the Operational Stage
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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From K2K to T2K
T2K = Tokai to Kamioka(not yet an official name)
e
AtmosphericNeutrino
K2K,MINOS,CERN T2K
Atmospheric neutrinoAccelerator neutrino
Solar neutrinoReactor neutrino
+
KamLAND+
SNO
Best fit
Flux () at J-PARC 50 GeV PS > 100 x Flux () at KEK 12 GeV PS
With oscillation
Without oscillation
Data since 1999K2K = KEK to Kamioka
108 eventsobserved(151 events expectedwithout anyoscillations)
99.99% confident that carries a finite mass.
3) Recent News in Sciences
S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004
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e appearance.
Overcome the background and correctly estimate the remaining background. sin22e=0.05,
m2=3×10-3eV2
mostly 0
mostly from decay
LOI
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Conceptual Off-Axis 280m Detector
Magnet (and side MRD)
Magnet (and side MRD)
Electron calorimeterFine Grained detectorw/ or w/o water target Scintillator
Tracker (TPC or chambers)Iron shield for -ID
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UA1 Magnet
7.64(L)× 6.116(H)× 5.596(W) B=0.67T (UA1), 0.4T(NOMAD),
≤0.2T (T2K for power<0.6MW) NOMAD experiments
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Instrumenting the iron
“C” are made of plates of iron 4.8 cm thick Gap of 1.7 cm between plates It is possible to insert scintillators in the gaps (1 complete layer ~ 90 m2) (extruded scintillators with fibers?)
For UA1 = hadron calorimeter For T2K = muon range detector
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Full Active target detector
SciBar-like to measure the exclusive final states.
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T2KInterim Collaboration Agreement
andInterim MoU for the Common Project
which are under discussion in the IBR
K. Nakamura, T2K collaboration meeting, 24.8.04
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Interim Agreement on International Collaboration
K. Nakamura, T2K collaboration meeting, 24.8.04
T2K Collaboration does not have a Collaboration Agreement yet.
In the formal CA, we (Spokesperson + KEK Representative) wish to specify contributions from each participating Institution/Country/Region to the Experiment.
Until the funding situation of most of the participating Institution/Country/Region becomes clear, we wish to proceed with an Interim Agreement.
Until the formal CA is signed, the IBR (International Board of Representatives) functions as the Executive Committee.
Organization, Institutional Responsibilities, Membership, etc. will be defined.
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T2K Interim Board of Representatives
Spokesperson K. Nishikawa
Construction group representative T. Kobayashi
National / Regional representativesCanada A. Konaka, J.M. Poutissou
Italy M. Mezzeto France F. Pierre
Korea S.B. Kim Poland D. Kielczewska
Russia Y. Kudenko Spain E. Fernandes
Switzerland A. Blondel UK D. Wark
USA G. Beir, C.K. Jung*, H. Sobel
KEK representative K. Nakamura
ICRR representative Y. Suzuki
K. Nakamura, T2K collaboration meeting, 24.8.04
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Common Project and Common Fund for Facilities Related to Neutrino Beam and Near Detector
As one of the host institutes of the T2K Experiment, KEK is responsible for the civil construction of the facilities related to the neutrino beam and the near detectors.
The construction of the neutrino beam line and the near detectors including part of the beam extraction system is defined as the Common Project of the T2K Collaboration.
Each collaborating Institute/Country/Region is expected to contribute to the Common Project appropriately.
Contributions to the Common Project will be made in two ways: In-kind contribution to supply engineering work and/or equipments cash contribution to the Common Fund
KEK as a host institute will exchange an Interim MoU with each contributing Institution/Funding Agency with regard to funding request for the contribution to the Common Project.
When funding is allocated, the Interim MoU will be replaced with the MoU between KEK and the contributing Institution/Funding Agency.
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potential DESY participation? disclaimer: the following is an example for a hypothetical scenario made up by me, not
yet discussed with the DESY management nor with the T2K collaboration
phase 0: 2005/6? main hardware/software/analysis activity: HERA convergence towards decision on external DESY participation preparation of potential bilateral german-japanese agreements discussion on agreement at European level to become part of a European hub for infrastructure (hardware, test beams, meetings) and computing/analysis
for test beam and physics data collaboration agreement on detector tasks and access to far detector data, in-kind contributions? (beam-line elements (HERA), detector parts (ZEUS)) formally join T2K collaboration in 2006?
phase 1: 2007/8? main analysis activity: HERA work on hardware/software contribution to T2K
detector construction activities according to agreement electron test beam activities, including support for other European groups preparation of online and monitoring software preparation of analysis software
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potential DESY participation? phase 2: 2009-final ILC approval? start of T2K data taking shift of analysis activity HERA -> T2K hardware activity towards intermediate+far detectors?
running in of near detector participation in data taking shifts start European or European/US analysis activity! (attract students) prepare participation to T2K stage 2 (e.g. intermediate detector, HK) in parallel after end of HERA analysis: participate in ILC+detector design
activities (e.g. T2K diploma students -> ILC PhD students)
phase 3: ILC approval-ILC startup? main analysis activity: T2K rescale hardware/software contribution to T2K for compatibility with ILC+detector plans
data analysis! (oscillations + many „standard“ physics topics) define scale of participation to T2K phase 2 hardware depending on available
resources continue role as infrastructure provider in any case (=minimum involvement)
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Conclusions
DESY participation in T2K would offer great physics opportunities (attract students + postdocs) fit transition time between end of HERA analysis and start of ILC analysis offer opportunities to collaborate with German and European partners in a fully international project and serve as a German or maybe even
European Hub offer opportunities for application of expertise in particle physics analysis,
detectors and beam line elements (+ in-kind contributions from ending HERA program??) allow to participate with initially limited resources allow to scale future hardware commitments according to ILC
developments offer excellent long term perspectives, if wished, via an intermediate
detector and a Megaton far detector towards a neutrino factory
If participation to an external project is considered at all, this option ideally matches all the requirements
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