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PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS

AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY

Patents and Biotechnology accelerate the growth of

Brazilian agriculture:The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)

Innovation



The Brazilian Agriculture

. Food Importer in the 70’s

. Currently the 2nd Food Exporter

. Industrialization Process

. Creation of Embrapa - April 73



0

500

1.000

1.500

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4.000

1961

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1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

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kg*

ou t.

ha-1

Cereal Frutas Hortaliças Fibras Tubérculos Oleoginosas

Productivity gain – t/ha



Government expenditures x agricultural expenditures

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R$

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14

%

Despesa total da União (1.000 R$) Despesas no setor agrícola (100 R$) (%)



Embrapa’s Institutional Mission

To seek and implement sustainable development solutions for the rural space, focusing on Brazilian

agribusiness, through the generation, adaptation and transfer of knowledge and technology, in order to

benefit the whole Brazilian society. ANNUAL BUDGET

US$ 700 million

. FUNDING Federal Government - 85%

Own Funding - 15%



Total employees: 8.600

Researchers: 2.30053% PhD45% MSc2% BS

Human Resorces



0

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1974

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Pesq

uisa

dore

s

Bs MSc Dr

Human Resources Evolution



Research Network

• 39 Research Centers- 11 National Thematic Centers- 15 National Commodity Centers- 13 Ecorregional/Agroforestry Centers• 03 Special Services• Labex: USA – USDA/ARS

Europe: France, Netherlands• Embrapa Africa – Accra, Ghana



Embrapa’s Innovation NetworkEmbrapa AcreEmbrapa AmapaEmbrapa Western AmazoniaEmbrapa Eastern AmazoniaEmbrapa RondoniaEmbrapa Roraima

Embrapa Mid-NorthEmbrapa Tropical Semi-AridEmbrapa Coastal TablelandsEmbrapa GoatsEmbrapa Cassava & Tropical FruitsEmbrapa CottonEmbrapa Tropical Agroindustry

Embrapa Western Region AgricultureEmbrapa Rice & BeansEmbrapa CoffeeEmbrapa CerradosEmbrapa Beef CattleEmbrapa VegetablesEmbrapa PantanalEmbrapa Genetic Resources & BiotechnologyEmbrapa Tecnological Information

North

Northeast

Center-west

Embrapa AgrobiologyEmbrapa Food TechnologyEmbrapa Dairy CattleEmbrapa Agriculture InformaticsEmbrapa Agricultural InstrumentationEmbrapa EnvironmentEmbrapa Maize & SorghumEmbrapa Satellite MonitoringEmbrapa Cattle-SoutheastEmbrapa Soils

Southeast

Embrapa Temperate AgricultureEmbrapa ForestryEmbrapa South Animal Husbandry & SheepEmbrapa SoybeanEmbrapa Swine & PoultryEmbrapa WheatEmbrapa Grape & Wine

South

Embrapa Africa Labex USA Labex Europe



NEW TARGETS

• Embrapa Agrienergy• Embrapa Africa – Accra, Ghana•Embrapa South America – Caracas, Venezuela•Embrapa Central America, Panama City, Panama• Labex Europe – Wageningen,

Netherlands



EMBRAPA AGRIENERGY

• Sugarcane: Ethanol, Bagace• Pulp: Ethanol• Oils and Fats: Biodiesel• Cultivated Energetic Forests: Coal• Residues and By-products: Biogas



EMBRAPA AFRICA, SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

• Technology transfer• Knowledge diffusion• Agricultural and social-economic

development • Environmental sustainability• Food, fiber and energy security



Embrapa’s International Cooperation

• Bilateral Agreements: 71• Number of Countries: 40 • Number of Institutions: 68•Multilateral Agreements: 20 Int. Organizations

Demand for International CooperationDemand for International Cooperation



DEMANDS: DEMANDS: TrainingTrainingTechnical AssistanceTechnical AssistanceConsultancyConsultancyRegional ProgramsRegional Programs



EMBRAPA’S BIOTECHNOLOGY

CONTRIBUTION TO THE BRAZILIAN AGRIBUSINESS

DEVELOPMENT


AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYIMPROVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNAHS (CERRADOS)

Production Area (millions ha)Total Area 204• Farming Area 127• Cultivated pastures 35 • Annual crops 10• Perennial crop and

cultivated forests 2 • Area still available 80

Potential production (millions tons)- Grain 240 - Meat 11- Fruit 90



1960

RR

AMPA MA

PI

CERN

PBPEAL

SEBA

TO

MT

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AC

GO

MGES

RJSP

MS

PR

SC

RS

AP

1975

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AMPA MA

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CERN

PBPEAL

SEBA

TO

MT

RO

AC

GO

MGES

RJSP

MS

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AP

2005

RR

AMPA MA

PI

CERN

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AC

GO

MG

ES

RJSP

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AP

ADAPTATION OF PLANT VARIETIESNITROGEN BIOLOGICAL FIXATIONNO TILLINGPESTS & DISEASES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL



BRAZILIAN “CERRADOS”

• 22% OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY• CONSIDERED USELESS IN THE 70’s

Nowadays• 50% OF GRAIN PRODUCTION• 40% CATTLE• ROTATION – 50% COTTON PRODUCTION



Part. %World (a) Brazil (b) (b/a)

Coffee 7.7 2.1 27.8 1stSugarcane 1,293.2 421.8 32.6 1stOrange 59.9 17.9 29.8 1stBanana 72.5 6.7 9.2 2ndBeef 60.4 8.8 14.5 2ndCassava 203.9 26.3 12.9 2ndSoybeans 209.5 51.1 24.4 2ndTobacco 6.4 0.9 13.8 2ndPoultry meat 70.0 9.2 13.1 3rdFruits 506.3 35.4 7.0 3rdCorn 692.0 34.9 5.0 3rdSwine meat 102.5 2.7 2.7 5thMilk 527.8 23.3 4.4 7thEggs 64.3 1.6 2.5 7thRice 614.1 13.2 2.2 9thWheat 621.6 4.7 0.8 23rd

BRAZIL: WORLD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RANKING (2005 Harvest)

Source: FAO, IBGE, CNPC, ABEF and ABIPECS.

Millions tons RankingProducts


AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYGRAIN PRODUCTION

Source: CONAB / MAPA * Estimation (8th harvest survey)

GRAINS: cotton, peanut, rice, oats, rye, barley, beans, sunflowers, castor bean, corn, soy, sorghum, wheat and triticale.

47.249.047.443.940.237.837.836.935.036.637.038.539.135.638.537.9

57.968.4 68.3

76.081.1

73.678.4 76.6

82.4 83.0

100.3

96.7

123.2 119.1

113.9

119.4

90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06*

A r

e a

and

P r

o d

u c

t i o

n

( m i

l l i

o n

o f

h a

a n

d

t o n

)

AREA

PRODUCTION



5,200

5,400

6,045

5,820

6,040

6,2706,650 6,900

7,300

7,700

8,3508,750

7,843

8,9508,494

7,517

6,736

5,9775,526

4,8754,461

4,052

4,050

3,411

1,3301,470 1,560 1,540 1,699

1,8342,556 2,730

2,8722,698 2,679 2,735

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*

P r o

d u

c t

i o n

( t

h o

u s

a n

d

t o

n s

)

Beef Broiler Pork* Estimation Source: CNA, ABEF and ABIECS

MEAT PRODUCTION



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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

P r o

d u

c t

i o n

( m i

l l i

o n

s o

f t

o n

s )

3,8

4,0

4,2

4,4

4,6

4,8

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5,4

5,6

5,8

C r

o p

A r

e a

( m i

l l i

o n

h a

)

AREA

PRODUCTION

Sources: IBGE (until 2003) and MAPA

Average yield increase in the period: 20.5%

Sugar Cane Production


AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYRanking 2005: Production and Exports

Production Exports

Ethanol * 1st 1st

Sugar 1st 1st

Coffee 1st 1st

Orange Juice 1st 1st

Soy Complex 2nd 1st

Beef 2nd 1st

Tabacco 2nd 1st

Broiler 3rd 1st

Corn 3rd -

Fruits 3rd -

Pork 4th 4th

Brazil - World RankingMain products



IP Role in Embrapa’sInnovation

• Industrial Property Law – May 1996• Plant Variety Law – April 1997• Creation of SNT (96)• Creation of IP Service (2000)• Creation of Innovation Management Program (2007)



IP Role in Embrapa’sInnovation

• From 1996 to 2006190 Patent Applications191 Trademarks297 Plant Varieties

30 Software Programs

In the last 7 years 8 times more applications than in the 18 years before the IP policy and culture change



IP Role in Embrapa’s Innovation

• 1400 License agreements • 20 R&D Partnership programs• National and multinational companies

• 1990 to 2007 - Grain production growth 131%Cultivated area growth 16%

• Commodity productivity per ha. – 1.5t to 2.8t


AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYPrincipais empresas detentoras de cultivares protegidas SNPC / 2008

UFV2%

EMBRAPA32%

COODETEC6%

MONSOY11%

Du Pont - Pioneer Sementes

1%

UFV

UFSCAR

Seminis Vegetable Seeds

OR Melhoramento de Sementes

MONSOY

IAPAR

FUNDACEP FECOTRIGO

Outros

Fides Goldstock Breeding

Du Pont - Pioneer Sementes

Naturalle Agromercantil

Embrapa

D & PL Technology Holding

Copersucar

COODETEC

CTC

Bretagne-Plants

Outros



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Evolução da Arrecadação com Royalties e Sementes(Em R$ 1.000,00)

2007 Royalties R$ 23 million (15% growth)2008 Royalties R$ 32 million (39% growth)2008 Embrapa’s Investment Resources R$ 184 million



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IP and the Emerging Economies



CONCLUSIONS

• Innovation made Brazil the 2nd global food exporter• Agriculture is the key Brazilian trade factor • Food and Energy are equally potential features• Brazilian contribution to food security• Functional Food trends and developments• Leadership requires partnerships• To be a global player requires innovation protection

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