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PBIS-NH Coaches Training
Presented by Howard Muscott
Becky BerkDebra LeClair
September 23, 2008
The Six C’s in Coaching for Sustainability
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Agenda1. Preview the Day2. Who’s Here?3. The 6 Cs of Coaches
1. Celebrations2. Competence3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data and Practice
1. Data-based Decision-Making
6. Caring for the Coach4. Fishbowl
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The Big Outcome
To provide coaches with updated information and to facilitate the exchange of practices, strategies, data and tools designed to help implement and sustain SWPBIS.
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Who’s Here Activities
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Early Identification of At-Risk StudentsDifferentiated Interventions including Relationship Building
Safe, Orderly, Predictable & Positive Learning Environment
Increased Time for Effective Teaching, Learning & Relationships
PBIS-NH Logic ModelMuscott (2007)
Increased Academic Achievement & School Success
PBIS Systems, Data & Practices Implemented with Fidelity
Improved School ClimateImproved Faculty and Staff Morale and Sense of Efficacy
Reductions in Problem Behavior/Increases in Prosocial Behavior
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competencies3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data
and Practice6. Courage
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competence3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data and
Practice6. Caring for the Coach
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The Non-Celebration
“I was going to buy a copy of the book The Power of Positive Thinking and then I thought, What the hell good would that do?”
Ronnie Shakes
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Why Celebrations?Research on Positive Psychology
Happiness has positive consequencesA rosy view of things is associated with
psychological and social well-beingGood days have common features:
autonomous, competent, connectedMeaning, purpose and work matterOther people matterSpirituality matters
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“Research has clearly shown that living the good life -- happiness, strength of character and good social relationships -- buffers us against the damaging effects of stressful life events and that the good life can be taught.”
Christopher Peterson
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Percent of Schools Meeting 80-80 Standard on School-wide Evaluation Tool (SET)
Over Time for Cohorts 1-4
Cohort 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08
1 Fall *54%
(15 of 28)
Fall 85%
(21 of 25)
Fall92%
(22 of 24)
UA UA
2 Spring 7%
(2 of 27)
Spring 74%
(20 of 27)
Spring81%
(22 of 27)
Spring85%
(17 of 20)
UA
3 NA Spring0%
(0 of 21)
Spring75%
(15 of 20)
Spring100%
(14 of 14)
Spring93%
(13 of 14)
4 NA Spring0%
(0 of 20)
Spring85%
(17 of 20)
Spring89%
(16 of 18)
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Cohort Fall 03 Spring 04 Spring 05 Spring 06 Spring 071 N=28
8/529%/18%
N=257/3
28%/12%
N=33/2
100%/67%
2 N=231/0
4%/0%
N=33/2
100%/67%
N=99/9
100%/100%
N=98/8
89%/89%
3 N=130/0
0%/0%
N=129/8
75%/67%
N=1311/9
85%/69%4 N=20
2/110%/5%
N=1412/10
86%/71%5 N=15
0/10%/7%
Percent of Schools Meeting 50% Standard on Effective Behavior Support Survey (EBS)
Over Time for Cohorts 1-4
Note: Percentages refer to Schoolwide and Nonclassroom respectively.
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CelebrationsTwo Year Reductions in Major ODRs
for Cohort 1 Schools03-04 05-06 Difference Average
ES (13) 3669 3385 -284 -22
MS (5) 7223 4623 -2600 -433
HS (2) 8716 7264 -1452 -726
ML(2) 1727 1936 +209 +104.5
Total (22)
21335 17208 -3771 -171
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CelebrationsReductions in Major ODRs
for Cohort 2 Schools04-05 05-06 Difference Average
ECE (2) 2742 1243 -1449 -724.5
ES (7) 2352 2143 -209 -30
MS (2) 941 711 -230 -115
HS (2) 859 1219 374 +187
ML(4) 2249 1766 -483 -121
AS (2) 1165 1166 +1 .5
Total (19) 10308 8248 -2060 -108
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Cohort 3 Outcomes for 2007-2008Implementation Year 3
SWIS Triangle 11 of 12 or 82% Green Zone ODRs 2,158 or 32% less
8 of 11 (73%) of schools reduced ODRs 9 of 11 (82%) experienced ODR rates
below national averages Suspensions 69 or 10% fewer (ISS and OSS
7 of 11 (64%) of schools reduced Out of School Suspensions
OSS reduced by 71 or 23% No real change in ISS >1%
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SWIS summary 07-08 (Majors Only)2,717 schools; 1,377,989 students; 1,232,826 ODRs
Grade Range Number of Schools
Mean Enrollment per school
Mean ODRs per 100 per school day
K-6 1,756 445 .35 (sd=.45)
(1 /300 / day)
6-9 476 654 .91 (sd=1.40)
(1/ 100 / day)
9-12 177 910 1.05 (sd=.1.56)
(1/105 / day)
K-(8-12) 308 401 1.01 (sd=1.88)
(1/ 100 / day
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Vast Majority of Cohort 3 PBIS-NH Schools Beat National Standards for Office Discipline
Referrals in 2007-08 Nine of the eleven or 82% of the Cohort 3 schools
experienced ODR rates that were under the national average for their respective instructional levels.
This represented a 27% increase from last year. Six of the eight (75%) elementary schools experienced
ODR rates that were under the national average in 2007-08.
This represented a 37% increase in elementary schools reaching criterion.
All three (100%) of the multi-level schools experienced ODR rates that were under the national average.
All three multi-level schools were able to sustain their initial success for a second year.
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Cohort 3 PBIS-NH Schools Regain 273 days for Teaching, 62 for Learning and 115 for Leadership
All told, reductions in major problem behaviors leading to ODRs and suspensions as a result of PBIS-NH implementation yielded Cohort 3 schools an additional 273 days for learning, 62 days for teaching and 115 days for leadership during school year 2007-08.
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Cohort 3 Schools Show Improvements in Math as 83% of Students with a Disability and 71% of Typical Peers Score
Proficient or Above on NECAP Testing
Math Proficiency in Grades 3, 4 and 8. Math proficiency data from the NECAP assessment was
available on non-disabled students for 10 different schools on 17 different grade level assessments.
Seven schools reported math proficiency levels on the grade 3 assessment, -- 7 for grade 4 and 3 for grade 8.
Non-disabled students in Cohort 3 schools improved math proficiency in 12 of 17 (71%) assessments, while scores declined in 4 (23%) and stayed the same in 1 (6%).
Students with a disability in Cohort 3 schools improved levels of math proficiency in 5 of 6 (83%) assessments, while proficiency levels declined in only 1 (17%).
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Celebration Activity What: Review all the data you brought today and
other information and brainstorm a list of data-based successes to celebrate from your school last year. Do your school’s constituencies know about these successes? Jot down ideas on your coaches’ log for what you should celebrate, how you might celebrate and with whom
Who: All coaches Timeframe: 15 minutes Report Out: None
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competencies3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data
and Practice6. Courage
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PBIS-NH Coaches Self-Reported PBIS-NH Coaches Self-Reported Strengths June 2007Strengths June 2007
Deep concern for studentsDeep concern for students Knowledge of/belief in PBISKnowledge of/belief in PBIS Knowledge of school communityKnowledge of school community Leadership abilityLeadership ability Big picture/systems thinkingBig picture/systems thinking Organized, good follow-through, work ethicOrganized, good follow-through, work ethic Interpersonal skills/relationshipsInterpersonal skills/relationships Open-minded, neutralOpen-minded, neutral Enthusiastic, positive, able to motivateEnthusiastic, positive, able to motivate Good listener, communicatorGood listener, communicator CreativeCreative
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Competencies Chalk talk Activity
What: (1) Individual coaches write down on a piece of
paper the knowledge, skills and attitude competencies that an effective coach needs– 10 minutes(2) Transfer these to posters around room silently, browse and add others – 10 minutes
Who: All coaches Report Out: 10 minutes Timeframe: 30 minutes
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competencies3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data
and Practice6. Courage
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June 2007
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Your Feedback and RequestsYour Feedback and Requests
Where are we going?Where are we going?How can we keep PBIS fresh?How can we keep PBIS fresh?
For our schools/preschoolsFor our schools/preschools For ourselvesFor ourselves
What are other schools doing?What are other schools doing?How can we better engage faculty?How can we better engage faculty?How can we better engage families?How can we better engage families?
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Challenges Activity
What: Using the categories identified on the graph from last year, rate each feature according to the scale
Who: All coachesReport Out: Tally resultsTimeframe: 20 minutes
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competencies3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data
and Practice6. Courage
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"Winning is about having the whole team on the
same page"-Bill Walton
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PBIS-NH Big IdeaIt Begins With and Ends Without Commitment
PBIS-NH requires administrators, faculty, team members, and coaches to make a commitment to systems, practices, and data in order to effectively and efficiently implement and sustain SWPBIS within the context of an effective school community.
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Commitments Activity
For each constituency, indicate an estimated level of commitment (high, medium, low).
Prioritize the commitments from constituencies that are most critical to continued PBIS success in critical areas for your schoolwide program this year
5 minutes
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"To be successful, you don't have to do extraordinary things.
Just do ordinary things extraordinarily well.“
- John Rohn
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Which can be embraced by faculty, administration, students, families, and community membersinitially with Wordswhich develop into Actions or Behaviorsand then become Habits through Practiceto ultimately form Climate or Culture
Supporting systemic change in a school community is a long-term journey that begins with dreams
and ideas
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Decrease Buy-In or Commitment Increase
Current level
Promoting Forces
Restraining Forces
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What are the Roadblocks to Sustained Commitments or Consistency?
BarriersRestraining
ForcesChallenges ProblemsDilemmas
Identify as many forces or factors as you can that restrain or inhibit commitment from your top two prioritized constituencies
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What are the Forces that Would Promote Sustained Commitments?
PromoteEncourageSupportPositive
Identify as many forces or factors as you can that promote or encourage commitment from your top two prioritized constituencies
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Decrease Buy-In or Commitment Increase
Current level Desired level
Promoting Forces
Restraining Forces
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Manipulating the Force Fields Activity
Who: CoachesWhat: (1) Identify restraining forces.
(2) Which restraining forces can you decrease or diminish?(3) identify promoting forces.(4) Which promoting forces can you increase or strengthen?
Timeframe: 30
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The 6 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Competencies3. Challenges4. Commitments5. Consistency of Systems, Data
and Practice6. Courage
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PBIS NH Big IdeaData-based Decision-Making
Sustainability requires that we use a data-based decision-making model to achieve the outcomes we desire and evaluate whether we have achieved those results.
Where do we want to be?
How do we know when we’ve gotten there?
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Identifying Broad Outcomes By Asking Key Questions
1. What do you want to achieve in terms of creating environments in each school that are safe and conducive to learning for all students and staff?
2. How will we measure the overall effectiveness of district programs with regard to social/emotional well being?
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Mining Data: Using Data for Decision-making
Rob Horner, Anne Todd, Steve Newton, Bob Algozzine, Kate Algozzine
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Uses of Data Identify problems early
Use data on a regular basis (every two weeks) to monitor key indicators, and identify problems before they become difficult
Refine a problem statement to a level of precision that will allow functional solutions
Use data to identify possible solutions.
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Identifying problems/issues What data to monitor
Team Checklist/ SET (Are we doing what we planned?) ODR per day per month OSS, ISS, Attendance, Teacher report
What questions to ask of Level, Trend, Peaks How do our data compare with last year? How do our data compare with national/regional norms? How do our data compare with our preferred status?
What question to answer Do we have a problem?
If a problem is identified, then ask What are the data we need to make a good decision?
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Using Data to Refine Problem Statement
The statement of a problem is important for team-based problem solving.
Everyone must be working on the same problem with the same assumptions.
Problems often are framed in a “Primary” form, that creates concern, but is not useful for problem-solving.
Frame primary problems based on initial review of data
Use more detailed review of data to build “Precision Problem Statements.”
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Precision Problem Statements(What are the data we need for a decision?)
Precise problem statements include information about the five core “W” questions. What is problem, and how often is it
happening Where is it happening Who is engaged in the behavior When the problem is most likely Why the problem is sustaining
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Primary versus Precision Statements
Primary Statements Too many referrals September has more
suspensions than last year
Gang behavior is increasing
The cafeteria is out of control
Student disrespect is out of control
Precision Statements There are more ODRs
for aggression on the playground than last year. These are most likely to occur during first recess, with a large number of students, and the aggression is related to getting access to the new playground equipment.
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Primary versus Precision Statements
Primary Statements Too many referrals September has more
suspensions than last year
Gang behavior is increasing
The cafeteria is out of control
Student disrespect is out of control
Precision Statements There are more ODRs
for aggression on the playground than last year. These are most likely to occur during first recess, with a large number of students, and the aggression is related to getting access to the new playground equipment.
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What are the data you are most likely to need to move from a Primary to a Precise statement?
What problem behaviors are most common? ODR per Problem Behavior
Where are problem behaviors most likely? ODR per Location
When are problem behaviors most likely? ODR per time of day
Who is engaged in problem behavior? ODR per student
Why are problem behaviors sustaining? No graph
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What other data may you want?
ODR by staffODR by IEPODR by gradeODR by gender by grade
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Test precision problem statement
Use precision problem statement to build and test hypotheses.
Problems are most common in D-Hall wing
Problems are more likely during second recess
Problems are most common in 2nd grade Problems are more likely during state
testing periods
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What behaviors are problematic?
0
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
Lang Achol ArsonBombCombsDefianDisruptDressAgg/fgtTheftHarassProp D Skip Tardy Tobac Vand Weap
Types of Problem Behavior
Referrals per Prob Behavior
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What behaviors are problematic?
0
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
Lang Achol ArsonBombCombsDefianDisruptDressAgg/fgtTheftHarassProp D Skip Tardy Tobac Vand Weap
Types of Problem Behavior
Referrals per Prob Behavior
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Where are the problems occurring?
0
10
20
30
40
50
Num
ber
of O
ffic
e R
efe
rrals
Bath RBus A Bus Caf ClassComm Gym Hall Libr Play G Spec Other
School Locations
Referrals by Location
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Who is contributing to the problem?Referrals per Student
0
10
20
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
per
Stu
dent
Students
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Who is contributing to the problem?
0
10
20
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
per
Stu
dent
Students
Students per Number of Referrals
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When are the problems occurring?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Num
ber
of R
efe
rrals
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:0010:3011:00 11:3012:0012:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30
Time of Day
Referrals by Time of Day
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Advanced Questions
Are students with a disability disproportionately over-represented in office discipline referrals or suspensions?
_________________________________? _________________________________? _________________________________? _________________________________?
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Using Data to Build Solutions
Prevention: How can we avoid the problem context Who, When, Where Schedule change, curriculum change, etc
Teaching: How can we define, teach, and monitor what we want Teach appropriate behavior Use problem behavior as negative example
Recognition: How can we build in systematic reward for desired behavior
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Using Data to Build Solutions Extinction: How can we prevent
problem behavior from being rewarded Consequences: What are efficient,
consistent consequences for problem behavior
How will we collect and use data on (a) implementation fidelity, and (b) impact
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Data for Decision-Making Activity
What: (1) Review the SWIS or other data you brought from last year or this year. (2) Determine a strategic question to answer based on the data you have.(3) Write a precision statement that answers the question on the chart paper.(4) Post them
Who: All coaches, with others from your school Timeframe: 30 minutes Report Out: TBD
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The 5 Cs of Coaching
1. Celebrations2. Challenges3. Commitments4. Consistency of Systems,
Data and Practice5. Courage
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"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit."
Aristotle
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ResilienceResilience
Mentally, emotionally and Mentally, emotionally and physically springing back from a physically springing back from a disappointment, setback or disappointment, setback or challengechallenge
The energy to persevereThe energy to persevereThe vision of success – and the The vision of success – and the
effectiveness to get thereeffectiveness to get there
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Resilience is…..Resilience is…..
The Rubber Ball EffectThe Rubber Ball Effect PerseverancePerseverance OptimismOptimism FaithFaith ConnectionsConnections ConfidenceConfidence ActionAction Self-AwarenessSelf-Awareness Self-CareSelf-Care Good Mental HealthGood Mental Health
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Resilient CharacteristicsResilient Characteristics
ReluctantLow riskNeeds proddingDependentReliantUnsureTentativeCautiousUncertain
ResourcefulPerseveresUnflappableConfidentSelf-motivatedIndependentSecureOptimismHopePositive risk-takingHigh SE
Unable IncapableRigid HelplessHopelessPowerlessGives upEasily frustrated NeedyDepressedPessimismNo RiskLow SE
Increasing Resilience
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ResilienceResilience Maintaining Maintaining flexibilityflexibility and and balancebalance in your life as you deal with in your life as you deal with
changing circumstances and stressful eventschanging circumstances and stressful events Letting yourself experience strong Letting yourself experience strong emotionsemotions, and also realizing when , and also realizing when
you may need to avoid experiencing them at times in order to continue you may need to avoid experiencing them at times in order to continue functioning functioning
Stepping forward and taking Stepping forward and taking actionaction to deal with your problems and to deal with your problems and meet the demands of daily living, and also stepping back to meet the demands of daily living, and also stepping back to restrest and and reenergize yourself reenergize yourself
Spending time with loved ones to gain Spending time with loved ones to gain supportsupport and and encouragementencouragement, , and also and also nurturingnurturing yourself yourself
Relying on others, and also relying on yourselfRelying on others, and also relying on yourself The primary factor in resilience is having The primary factor in resilience is having caring and supportive caring and supportive
relationships relationships within and outside the family and within and outside the within and outside the family and within and outside the workplace. workplace.
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Energy Drainers Activity
Who: Coaches What: (1) Participants fill out what drains
their energy sheet in regard to acting as coach – 3 minutes
(2) Partner with someone from another school and share 12 minutes
(3) Report out themes or commonalities – 10 minutes
Timeframe: 25 minutes total
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Energy Sustainers Activity
Who: Coaches What: (1) Participants fill out what
energizes then sheet in regard to acting as coach – 10 minutes
(2) Large group share – 15 minutes
Timeframe: 25 minutes total
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Developing Your ResilienceDeveloping Your Resilience
Show care for othersShow care for othersAccept care from othersAccept care from othersFocus on self-control rather than Focus on self-control rather than
controlling otherscontrolling othersTake manageable risks and learn from Take manageable risks and learn from
themthemTake time to make yourself happyTake time to make yourself happy
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Fishbowl activityFishbowl activity
Two groups of equal size, all individuals have coaches’ log and pens Inner circle – seated, free to speak, exchange ideas, pose challenges or
solutions Outer circle – standing, observers, can “tap in” to offer an idea or solution Circles swap places at halfway mark Suggested questions for discussion
What will you need to do, and when, to eventually secure a replacement for yourself as coach?
What is the single most important piece of advice to offer to a new coach or a new principal?
What has worked well for your schoolwide PBIS effort, and how has it been celebrated?
45 minutes