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Peace Be Unto You . . .
Wa 'Alaikum Salam
And Also Unto You, Peace
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IslamSubmission to the Will of Allah
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Meanings Allah is God
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Islam means submission
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Muslim is one who submits
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The Qur’an is the Sacred Text
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Descendents Descendents of
Abraham
Ishmael was to be sacrificed
People of Allah
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Beginning
Arabia. 7th CE in the city of
Mecca. There was an
important trade route. There were various
tribes in the area. Meccans were know
as traders. The Ka’bah is located
in the city. It is the symbol of
divine power. The keepers were
members of the Quraysh tribe.
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One of Many Muhammad is
one of many prophets.
Moses, Isaiah, Elijah, Jesus, etc.
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Muhammad The prophet who
spread Islam. Was born in 570 CE
in Mecca. His father died when
he was very young and his mother died soon after.
He went to live with his grandfather who died two years later.
He then lived with his uncle Abu Talib.
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The Life of Muhammad He worked as a
caravan driver for a widow whom he later married.
Influenced by Judaism and Christianity.
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Revelations While meditating in a cave on
Mt. Hira about 610 BCE the angel Gabriel appeared to him with a message from Allah.
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Gabriel told him to receive the message from Allah.
He runs and tells his wife Khadijah who talks to her cousin who is a hanif, a monotheist.
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It was determined that Muhammad had a genuine religious experience; he was not going crazy.
Once he understood this he continued with his recitations of Allah’s messages.
His first convert, outside of his household was Abu Bakr, a man of wealth and influence.
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Muhammad’s influence In 620 Muhammad is contacted by
some people from Yathrib to be an arbiter and a leader.
Muhammad accepts on the condition that the inhabitants embrace Islam.
Some agreed to practice monotheism and Muhammad sent a teacher with them when they returned to the city.
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Muhammad’s Escape Muhammad’s enemies
wanted the prophet dead and planned in secret to kill him.
However, he and a companion escaped and hid out in cave outside of Mecca.
Yathrib (renamed Medina) became the new home of the prophet.
The migration of 622 called the Hijrah is the beginning year of the Muslim calendar.
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To Lead or Not to LeadThe Factions
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Passing of the Torch
Muhammad 1st successor (caliph) - Abu Bakr 2nd successor - Umar (he was murdered) 3rd successor – Uthman (he was
murdered)
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Two Main Groups
Sunnis Make up about 85 percent of the
Muslim community. Accepted Mu’awiyah as the 4th
leader. Traditional. The word sunni comes from the
word sunna which means “tradition”, “example.”
Accepted the legitimacy of orthodox caliphates (leaders).
Partly in response to the Shi’ites, the Sunnis developed a religious, political, legal, and cultural system consistent with their beliefs.
Shi’ites Make up about 15 percent of
the Muslim community. Accepted Ali Bakr as the
4th leader. Their successors are
called imams and Ali is the first imam.
Ali was assassinated. Mu’awiyah was 5th
leader. The word shi’ite comes
from the word shia which means faction.
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The Geographic Breakdown
Sunnis Light green
Shi’ites Dark green
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Sunnis Their system includes
The successor is chosen by the consensus of the community.
Caliphs are leaders who rule in the name of Allah.
Qur’an and hadiths express the will of Allah.
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Sunnis The caliph is the head of the religious
community under which the government exists.
An imam is one who merely leads in the services in the Mosque.
Schools and scholars debate which help to interpret the hadiths and Qur’an and apply to everyday life.
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Shi’ites Zaydis Ismalis
separated from the main group
known as the Twelvers or Imamis.
Have continued the successions of imams to the twelfth imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Hujja
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SufisThe Mystics of Islam
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Sufism It is Islamic mysticism. It is a devotional
movement where inner spiritual life is cultivated.
Sufism is thought to derive from the word suf which means wool.
Sufism highlights genuine Islam and therefore emotions are important.
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Sufi Beliefs Mysticism is at the core of it; it
contends that the highest experience one can have is a direct encounter with God.
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Two Mighty Sources The Qur’an is
the sacred text for Muslims
The Sunna contains traditions of the prophet
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The Qur’an Muhammad did not write the
messages he received nor did he seek them but the messages came to him
The Qur’an: Its “valid” copy is in Arabic and all
other translation are not approved for recitation
It is beautifully written Its authenticity is not doubted It is a compilation
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The Qur’an
It is made up of 114 suras (chapters) and each one has a name.
It contains teachings about life and regulations about many things.
It has affected Islamic art.
Some handwritten copies of the Qur’an are artwork themselves.
Passages from the Qur’an can be found on buildings.
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The Sunna It is the guide of Muhammad’s
words and practice. These hadiths or traditions of
the prophet were guides to “the practice of Islam along with the Quran and comprise the literary form of the Sunna.”
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The PracticeThe Qur’an along with the Sunna form the basis of the beliefs and practices of the faith community.
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GovernanceWhat leads the community
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Shari’a The Shari’a is the law that governs all life
in Muslim countries It is comprised of several elements
Quran (most important) The Sunna Ijma’ (consensus of the community Qiyas (analogy) Ra’y is sometimes consulted by the
Hanifite school. “Considered opinion of Muslims leaders acting for public good.” WR-Matthews
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Islam Worldview
The Absolute
The World Humans The
Problems for Humans
The Solutions for Humans
Community and Ethics
Rituals and Symbols
Life After Death
Islam and Other Religions
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Worldview The Absolute
Islam is a monotheistic religion
They affirm the absolute sovereignty of God
God communicates with humans through the Quran, prophets, prayers and the direction of peoples lives.
Some Muslims believe in predestination and others believe that Allah has given humans great freedom.
They denounce anything that may even appear to be idolatrous.
Angels are messengers of God.
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Worldview The World
God created the world good but the world is not eternal.
The world was made for humans to enjoy.
Food, drink, marriage, sex, clothing, shelter, property, wealth all good.
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Humans Humans
Adam and Eve were the first humans created by God.
Humans are above other creatures.
People are to live together and those who submit to God are brothers and sisters
Women in the Community
Islam improved the status of women and therefore does not tolerate abuse of women. Women are to be cared for, can inherit property but are dependent on men. There roles are not separated from men but are supportive of men.
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Problems The Problems for Humans
Although Adam and Eve sinned the effects of sin did not extend to all humans.
“Sin is refusal to submit to the will of God revealed through his prophets, especially his final one, Muhammad.”
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Solution The Solution for Humans
Salvation comes when a person acknowledges that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.
One needs to say the Shahada wholeheartedly with no reservations and live according to the Quran to be saved.
One performs the Five Pillars as obligations.
When one does one’s religious duties and “refrains from the prohibitions God will judge in their favor.
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Community and Ethics Community and Ethics
A Muslim community is called ummah.
Muslim cities are built around the Mosque.
Everyone is connected to a family.
One gives alms to beggars and community treasury.
There are provisions for more than one wife.
One avoids certain prohibitions
gambling drinking alcohol lying stealing pork eating usury
One is non aggressive but vengeance is required for injustice.
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Rituals Rituals and Symbols
Children are a blessing Male child is circumcised
Marriages are arranged It is contractual A man can divorce/remarry up to 3
times Funeral The Mosque is a place of prayer
although there are pulpits in some.
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Art Islam has adhere strictly to the
belief of not creating idols. Much of their art work is centered on objects. They use a straight edge and a compass.
Dr. Ann Richey has done some research on Islamic art and presented at a faculty forum in 2001.
http://raider.muc.edu/%7Eritcheam/Islamicart/sld001.htm
http://www.addconsults.com/store/images/ruler.gif
http://www.iit.edu/~smart/sheajan1/Compass.gif
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The Role of Women Female roles -
Females have different but complementary roles. Girls are prepared for traditional female roles, such as wife and mother.
In some Islamic countries women work as nurses, doctors and teachers.
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Worldview Life After Death
When one dies one will eventually have to face judgment from Allah.
One’s deeds are examined and based on this examination one either enters paradise or hell.
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Worldview Islam and Other Religions
Muslims believe that everyone should be a Muslim. Ignorance is the basis of unbelief.
The infidel just needs to know The Christian and Jew have incomplete knowledge.
Although Muslims acknowledge the miraculous birth and the miracles of Jesus he was in no way divine.
Muslims have been known to cooperate with other religions in areas of mutual concerns
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Sources An interesting site: http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2001-02/02cib07.ht
m#intolerance
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Sources
Slide 1 – http://www.msa-natl.org/images/Islam.jpg Slide 2 –
http://www.my-muslim.com/greeting/v2/create.php?f=salaam/salaam3.jpg&template=
http://www.quraan.com/Muslim/026.asp#002_b26 Slide 4 http://havcamwiltrav.tripod.com/oldsite/allah.jpg Slide 5 –
http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/jacobs/islam~1b_med.jpg Slide 6 –
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1570000/images/_1573897_011002islam300c.jpg
Slide 7 – http://www.ackland.org/art/exhibitions/islam/images/96.4.1.jpg
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Sources Slide 8 –
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/imagebase/carousel?state=cycle&info=on&startno=5&name=hsa40&sortfield=F01&search=
Slide 9 – http://www.bible.ca/islam/islam-aksum-map-0-700ad.jpg Slide 11 – http://rashedsheikh.20m.com/images/mecca.jpg Slide 12 – http://www.noumenal.com/marc/dadd/caravan.jpg Slide 15 – http://hemsidor.torget.se/users/h/Helper/bilder/islam/Gabriel.jpg Slide 16 – http://www.hotelvallina.com/_borders/medina.gif Slide 17 – http://www.eidmubarak.com/graphics/hijrah/hijrah3_im.jpg Slide 19 –
http://www.lapraik.com/cordeaux/images/quranstandcotton.cover.jpghttp://www.thesaurus-islamicus.li/sunna-small3.gif Slide 20 – http://home.t-online.de/home/henkaipan/qur-001.jpg Slide 21 – http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/cib/2001-02/02CIB07-2.jpg
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Sources Slide 26 –
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/765000/images/_769914_leader150.jpg
Slide 28 – http://www.irc.nl/manage/img/imam.jpg Slide 29 – http://www.adhamonline.com/images/news/sufi.jpg http://www.riflessioni.it/images/danza_sufi.gif Slide 32 – http://www.centrum-universel.com/maulana.jpg