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Philosophy Theorists
Freud, Adler, Maslow, Erikson
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What is Personality?
the quality or state of being a person.: the complex of characteristics that
distinguishes an individual.the totality of an individual's behavioral
and emotional characteristics.
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Nature vs. Nurture
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Sigmund Freud
Known as Father of Psychology
Oldest of 8 children Father - Discipline Mother - Nurturer Born Czechoslovakia Father blue collar
worker Moved to Vienna when
father lost job
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Freud Cont…
Studied a patients thoughts (Feelings, not illness)
Studied Neurology Strong
psychological interest
Volumes of writings Psychoanalytic
approach
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Freud Famous Work
Iceberg theory1st 6 years of childhood are the most
importantNature - 100% instinctsOedipus complexID, EGO, Superego
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Iceberg Theory
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Iceberg Cont..
According to Freud there are three levels of consciousness to the mind
Conscious (small) 10% - part of the mind that holds what you are aware of.
Preconscious (small-medium) 10-15% - Regarded as ordinary memory. Not in conscious but can be readily brought to conscious
Unconscious (enormous) 75-80% - Not directly accessible to awareness. “Dump box” for urges, feelings and ideas tied to anxiety.
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Iceberg Cont…
Much of Freud’s work on the ID, Ego, Superego comes from this theory.
Believes Information passes easily between conscious and preconscious.
To access truly unconscious information from the mind you need a psychoanalyst.
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ID, EGO, SuperEgo
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ID, EGO, SuperEgo
ID - ID - Pleasure seeking 100%. You are here to serve me. Ex: An infant or young child mentality.
EGO - EGO - Reality somewhere between the Id and Superego. May be one sided more than others.
SuperEgo - SuperEgo - The giving altruistic person. The giving altruistic person. Always moral, law abiding.Always moral, law abiding.
Altruistic - Altruistic - unselfish regard for or devotion to unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others.the welfare of others.
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Oedipus Complex
Believes we all end up married to someone exactly like mother or father.
At some point in an infant/toddlers life they will desire to possess parent of opposite sex and dispose of parent of same sex.
Between ages 3-5 Becomes a repressed
feeling in the unconscious.
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Freud’s Stages of Development
Believes we are all pleasure seeking individuals. Focus’ on that for each stage
Oral stage - (0-2yrs) centered around the sensitive area of mouth. Communication develops
Anal stage - (2-3yrs) potty training Phallic stage - (3-5yrs) start to realize gender
differences ex: oedious complex Latency - (6-12yrs) play with same sex ignore
opposite. Genital - (12yrs - ) puberty
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Defense Mechanisms
Freud believes they come about when the EGO can not deal with the demands put on it. Three types of anxiety
Neurotic AnxietyReality AnxietyMoral Anxiety
Types of Defense Mechanisms - Denial, Repression, Regression, Suppression, Sublimation, Displacement.
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Dream Interpretation
Freud begins to analyze dreams in order to understand aspects of personality as they relate to pathology.
He believes that nothing you do occurs by chance
every action and thought is motivated by your unconscious