![Page 1: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Physical Science and You
• Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry
• Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables
• Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science
![Page 3: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science
• 3.1 Mass and the Atomic Theory of Matter
• 3.2 Temperature and Energy
![Page 4: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Investigation 3B
• How do scientists measure things too small to put on a balance?
Mass and Indirect Measurement
How do we measure tiny objects such as a single grain of rice?
![Page 5: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3.2 Systems
• In science, the word “system” means a group of related things that work together.
What part in our optical system controls the amount of light entering the eye?
![Page 6: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3.2 Energy
• The parts of a system interact with each other by exchanging energy.
Where does our eye get the energy it needs to open or close the pupil?
![Page 7: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3.2 Energy• Energy causes change.• Some changes that occur in systems
include:1. temperature2. speed3. position4. mass5. other physical variables
What changes can take place in this system?
![Page 8: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3.2 Force
• Force is a fundamental quantity in physical science.
• In the metric system, force is measured in newtons (N).
Would more or less force be needed to pull 2 books?
![Page 9: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3.2 Energy
• The unit of energy is related to the units for force and distance.
• One joule (J) of energy is enough to pull with a force of one newton for a distance of one meter.
![Page 10: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3.2 Potential Energy
• Some objects may have energy due to their height.
• This kind of energy is called potential energy and comes from Earth’s gravity.
![Page 11: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3.2 Kinetic Energy
• Objects in motion have energy due to their speed.
• Energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
![Page 12: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3.2 Temperature
• Temperature is the measurement we use to make the sensations of hot and cold more precise.
• A thermometer is an instrument used to accurately measure temperature.
![Page 13: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3.2 Fahrenheit
• Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist, was the first person to use a mercury thermometer.
• The Fahrenheit scale was standardized so that the freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the boiling point is 212 degrees.
![Page 14: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3.2 Celsius
• Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, invented a temperature scale in which there were 100 degrees between freezing and boiling.
![Page 15: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3.2 Extreme Temperatures
• Absolute zero is -273°C. • You cannot have a temperature lower than
absolute zero.• Think of absolute zero as the temperature
at which atoms are “frozen.”
![Page 18: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3.2 Extreme Temperatures
• Scientists experiment with temperatures as low as billionths of a degree above absolute zero and as high as 100 million million degrees Celsius.
![Page 19: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3.2 Heat and thermal energy
• Temperature measures a kind of energy called thermal energy.
• Thermal energy comes from the motion of atoms in matter.
• We call thermal energy that is flowing heat.
![Page 20: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3.2 Heat and thermal energy
• Thermal energy is often measured in calories.
• One calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one milliliter of water by one degree Celsius.
![Page 21: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3.2 Specific heat• The specific heat is a
property of a substance that tells us how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a material by one degree Celsius.
Knowing the specific heat of a material tells you how quickly the temperature will change as it gains or loses energy.
![Page 22: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3.2 Conservation of Energy
• The law of conservation of energy says that energy can never be created or destroyed, just converted from one form into another.
• The law of conservation of energy applies to all forms of energy.
![Page 23: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3.2 “Conserving” Energy
• Electric power plants do not make electrical energy.
• Power plants convert other forms of energy (chemical, solar, nuclear) into usable electrical energy.We may be running out
of certain “forms” of energy that are easy or inexpensive to use.
![Page 25: Physical Science and You Chapter One: Studying Physics and Chemistry Chapter Two: Experiments and Variables Chapter Three: Key Concepts in Physical Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062800/56649dea5503460f94ae5ae4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Activity
• Working together, brainstorm what question your group would like to find answers to.
• Choose from the materials pictured.
Your Own Science Experiment