Download - Political checkpoint
Political Checkpoint
Objective: Explain the importance of political
checkpoints in controlling the river population
Political Checkpoint
• Definition:Political checkpoint are the centre of
territorial administration
Territorial administration: a geographical area where it is controlled by authority
At the beginning, political checkpoint were created at trading centres located at
river mouth used by the Brunei’s Malays to control the Kedayan and Bisaya tribes
Kampung: A small area including small
community / settlement along the rivers banks. Each of the community formed
tiny political system.
Daerah: Daerah made of several kampungs and spread along one or two rivers which flow into the
mouth of a larger river
Negeri: large administrative centres created at river mouth.
1. To have better control of the human resources►Control over the rivers meant control over
natives►The natives were important because they
provided Brunei’s market with valuable forest product
Why were the political checkpoint established?
2. To collect taxes►The natives provided the rulers with their main
source of income►The natives had to pay the Sultan and the Royal
Family different types of taxes
Example of Political Checkpoint
Pangkalan Balei (Kuala Balai) – controlled by Pengiran Pemancha
Example of Political Checkpoint
Along the banks of Pangkalan Tarap –
controlled by Pengiran Temenggong
Example of Political Checkpoint
Southwest Borneo; Patusan (various representatives of the Sultan at Sekrang river
live in the village)
Example of Political Checkpoint
Kampung Kuching (A Bendahara, Pengiran Muda
Hashim, resided there)
The Importance of Political Checkpoint
Human Resource
s (natives)
Provide forest product
Pay revenue / taxes to the Sultan
Source of income to the royal family
To control
Brunei’s
Malaysriver’s mouth
(trading centre)
Kedayan and
Bisaya
Located at
to control
KAMPUNG:
DAERAH
NEGERI