Philosophy of Plato

Political philosophy of Plato Book of DR. JH.RAPAR Th.D., Ph.D

STATE, LAW AND JUSTICE

Specific discussion about

Who?• Who is Plato?• Plato was a philosopher and scholar who lived between 427 and 347

BC. He was a student of Socrates and later formed the first known "university," called the Academy. His best known work is The Republic, and his best known concept is the Theory of Forms. The Theory of Forms states that, while experience is changing and illusory, ideal forms are unchanging and real. Plato advanced Parmenides' theory that both experience and forms are real. Aristotle and Socrates also began their philosophical thought from Parmenides, who was known as Parmenides of Elea and lived between 510 and 440 BC. Although his reasoning was shown by Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, and other philosophers to be mostly unsound, Parmenides, rather ironically, began the entire concept of logical deduction that was to make these scholars well-known.

Cahapter 1

“the State”• Conquest of Sparta against Athens• Implementation of democracy in athens• Begins with disillusionment with the corrupt state, and the

country's image became corrupted and do not reflect the country as it should be.

Chapter 2

Plato draw congclusions

“deal state is an ethical community to achieve virtue and kindness

“ideal state is essentially an one family”“in a country you are all brothers”

“.Whowever a man meets he will think he is meeting a brother or sister, or mother, or father, or son or daughter…”

A city ….. Comes into being because each of u is not self-sufficient but need many things

State

• The city/( state ) be neither small nor seeming to be large.

• ..as log as the growing city is willing to remain a unity. So big let is no father.

Territory and Boundaries

Form of state• Plato said;”…. If there are five kinds of constutions, there should be five

conditions of soul of private men….”• [My conclusion] Mean…, constution is image from soul of men/ human.

Aitokrasi, government in the hands of aristocratTimokrasi, the power or the rule of honorOligarki, power in the hands of moneyDemocration, freedom are the most importantTyranny, absolute power on one hand

“laws”

“… IN one sense it is evident that the art of kingship does include the art of lawmaking. But the best ting of all is not full autiroty for laws but rateher full authority for a man who understands the art of kingship and has wisdom…”“.. laws must be closely related to citizens..”

Plato;…punishment is not a vengeanceviolation of the law is considered as a diseaselaw should be a cure for disease

Chapter 3

“justice”

• Chepalos;. “justice is honesty, do not cheat and pay all debts to the gods and to humans”

• Pholemarcos;.. “justice is giving people what they are entitled”• Trasymachos;..”….. Justice is noting but the atvantage of the stronger”

Chapter 4

Plato:…..“There jutice of one man……. And justice of awhole city…. A City is large than one man…. Then perhaps there would be alarger justice in the city and easier to undestand… Let us enquire first what it is in the cities; then we will examine it in the single man, looking for the likeness of the large in the shape of the smalerr..”

• The poper functioning of the money-making class, the helpers,and the guardians, each doing its own work in the state… would be justice and would render the city just.

Platos;…individual justice is only achieved through self-control. the possession itself that it will only happen if the rational part of the soul can control the other two parts, namely the spirit and desire or lust

FILSAPAT POLITIK PLATO BOOK OF DR. J.H RAPPAR , TH,D., PH.D

Hamdan Hidayat