Download - Population unit - 2 BBA
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PopulationBy Radhika
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Introduction
• India & many other Countries are now passing through the phase of Population explosion.
• This situation has arisen because Economic development failed to maintain pace with population growth.
• Rapid growth of population causes…….
Current Population of Gujarat in
2013 is 62,700,003
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Demographic Transition
• Population problem is an inevitable result of reproductive behavior of man.
• But theory of Demographic Transition rejects this view, it talks about population explosion is result of sudden spurt in the rate of population growth & a rapid fall in the mortality rate.
• According to this theory every country passes through THREE stages of Demographic Transition.
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First Stage
• In the first stage, both birth & death rates are high. Hence, the population remains more or less stable.
• In backward economies where agriculture is main occupation of the people…
• Mass population deprived of even basic necessities.• A large number of people live on inadequate &
unbalanced diet.• Under these circumstances medical facilities are limited
this results in high mortality rate.• Lack of education, superstitions social evils are cause of
high birth rate.
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Second Stage
• The second stage is characterized by rapid growth of population because despite substantial reduction in the mortality rate there is no corresponding decline the birth rate.
• With beginning the process of development….• Government will make special efforts for medical
facilities.• These development generally bring down the mortality
rates.• But the society might not have been changed.
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Cont.
• In this situation the population increases at an alarming rate.
• In the 2nd stage generally birth rate stays around 35 to 40 per thousand where as death rate comes down to roughly 15 per thousand.
• Consequently population increases at an annual rate of about 2 % or more.
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Third Stage
• In the 3rd stage of demographic transition the birth rate declines significantly & thus the rate of population growth remains low.
• A country can hope to overcome the problem of population explosion where industrialization, urbanization & education becomes widespread.
• Industrialization • Migration• In this situation birth rate declines from 35-40 to 15-20
per thousand.• Once this happens to the country…..
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India’s Population:Size & Growth Trends
Census Year Population in Crores Annual Growth Rate
1901 23.83 0.18
1911 25.21 -
1921 25.13 -
1931 27.9 -
1941 31.8 -
1951 36.1 1.96
1961 43.91 2.22
1971 54.82 2.20
1981 68.33 2.14
1991 84.63 1.93
2001 102.90 1.60
2011 121.02 -
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India’s Population the FUTURE
1. Absolute level of Population– Tim Dyson has estimated the population in 2026 at about
142 crores
– The UN’s recent “medium” projection puts the level of population in 2051 at 165 crores & “high” projection puts it at 196.4 crores
– India may become the most populous country in the world
– It might be only the country ever to contain 200 crore people
2. Regional pattern
3. Fertility & Mortality
4. Double Burden of Disease
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Cont.
5. Urbanization projections
6. Consequences for economic growth
7. Pressure on environment
8. Political & administrative challenges
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Causes for Rapid Growth of Population
1. Causes of decline in the Mortality Rate
2. Causes of high Birth Rate
i. Economic Factors
ii. Social Factors
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Cont.
1. Causes of decline in the Mortality RateI. Elimination of Famines
II. Control of epidemics & decline in the incidences of malaria & tuberculosis
III. Other factors– Supply of pure drinking water– Sanitation & Hygiene – Education & expanded medical facilitates
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Cont.
2. Causes of high Birth Rate
I. Economic Factors1. Predominance of agriculture
2. Slow urbanization process
3. Poverty
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Cont.
II. Social Factors1. Near universality of marriage
2. Lower age at the time of marriage
3. Religious & social superstitions
4. Joint family
5. Lack of education
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Remedies for Population Explosion
• Three fold measures:
1.Economic Measures
2.Social Measures
3.The Family Planning Measures
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1. Economic Measures
I. Expansion of the industrial sector
II. Creation of employment opportunities
III. Equitable distribution of income
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2. Social Measures
1. Education
2. Improving the Status of women
3. Raising the minimum age of Marriage
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3.The Family Planning Programme
1. Public Information Programme
2. Incentives & Disincentives
3. Family Planning Centers
4. Research
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