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Power Plant Construction and QA/QC
Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Engineering Technology Engineering Technology DivisionDivision
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Overview
• Generators are the production point for electricity• Both Alternating and Direct Current is generated• Alternating Current travels both directions• Direct Current travels in only one direction• DC was developed first in the mid – 1870• DC has a limited travel distance – requires high
current• AC has “no” distance limits in comparison• Prime movers are needed to turn generators• Prime movers are geared to match generator
design• 99.2% of the power generated today is AC
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
AC vs. DC
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Types - Synchronous
3 Phase AC 2 Pole, 3 Coil
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Types - Synchronous
Synchronous Generators are common for Power Plants
Exciter
Stator
Rotor
Voltage and current from Stator
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Types - Synchronous
Stator
Rotor
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Types - Induction
Voltage and current from Rotor
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Cooling
Direct – Gas (Hydrogen) Indirect – Water, Oil
Liquid Hydrogen = -423.17º F
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Rating
Over Excitation Under
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Exciters
DC Generator, Rotating AC, Brushless
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Exciters
DC Generator, Rotating AC, Brushless
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Exciters
DC Generator, Rotating AC, Brushless
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Synchronizing
Generator 2Generator 1
Exciter Control
Breaker Switch
Exciter Control
Breaker Switch
Speed Control
Speed Control
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Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection
Generator Protection
Differential Current – fault between phases
Voltage Regulation – generator control
Stator Overcurrent – high operating levels
Negative Sequence Current - phase imbalance
Stator Ground Fault – stator ground
Field Ground – rotor ground
Loss of Excitation Protection – synchronization loss
Motoring protection – loss of prime mover
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Questions?
Section 4.1 AC Generators and Generator Protection