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Power System Restoration with Power System Restoration with the Help of a Case-Based the Help of a Case-Based
Expert SystemExpert System
N. Chowdhury Power Systems Research Group
University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, Canada
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INTRODUCTIONBlackouts
Rare in a modern power systemCause huge financial losses
System OperatorsDo not gain enough working knowledge and experience on restorationShould be trained to restore their systems
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Restoration Operator Training Expert Systems
Rule-Based: if (Condition 1) Action 1;
else if (Condition 2) Action 2;
else Action 3;
Case-Based: Identify New Problem
Consult Case Library
Propose Solution
Why Case-Based Expert Systems ?
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AN INTELLIGENT TRAINING AGENT
Object-Oriented Graphical User
CBR Subsystem Action Checker
Interface
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OBJECT-ORIENTED GUI
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CASE-BASED REASONING SUBSYSTEM
Library Retriever
Ranking Modification
Ranked Case Case
Case Match/ Case
Cases Adaptor
Solution
Case
SituationNew
Plan
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FUNCTIONS OF THE CBR
Analyzes and diagnoses the current situation
Extracts the main features of the current situation
Determines an index for the situation
Searches for similar cases in the case library
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FUNCTIONS OF THE CBR
Recommends the best matched case
The best matched case is modified to suit the need
A restoration plan is suggested
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SUBUNITS OF THE CBR
Case Representation Unit Situation Recognition Unit Case Analyzer Case Adapter Case Executor Case Organizer
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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE:GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE: DRAWDRAW
OBJECT
SELECT
PASTE
DRAG
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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE:GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE: EDITEDIT
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IMPLEMENTATION:IMPLEMENTATION: CASE LIBRARYCASE LIBRARY
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: TEST ISLANDTEST ISLAND
Blackstart: CC and ML units Non Blackstart: LD unit
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: STRATEGYSTRATEGY
Path Selection Restoration Power Source Number of Switching Actions
Test Island CASE 1: CC - ER - LD CASE 2: CC - BR - NB - LD CASE 3: CC - QE - NB - LD CASE 4: QE - NB - LD CASE 5: QE - CC - ER - LD
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
Scenarios Faulty Components
LINES E1L, C3B, Q1N and Q2N
Total Blackout
Target LD Plant Restoration
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: BLACKOUTBLACKOUT
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: PROPOSALPROPOSAL
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SIMULATION:SIMULATION: RESTORATIONRESTORATION
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ACTION CHECKINGACTION CHECKING
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A CASE DESCRPTION FOR SASKPOWER
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POSTDISTURBANCE CONDITIONS
Nipawin #1 to #3 units off line Nipawin #401 to #403 breakers open E.B. Campbell #1 to #8 units off line E.B. Campbell #401 to #408
breakers open CE #916 and #917 breakers open Manitoba Hydro available
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A SOLUTION PROPOSAL
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CONCLUSIONS CBR based systems can be used to train
and assist system operators
GUI will enhance the learning of system operators
A case library, the vital part of a CBR system, is system specific
Seed cases have to be developed to initiate the recognition process
NO RULES: Designing is simple and straightforward