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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Task Analysis Tools
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Risk Factors
• Ergonomic Body Divisions
Review the Basics
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Force
• Frequency
• Posture
• Duration
• Contact Stress
• Environment
• Vibration
Risk Factors
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Upper Extremity
• Lower Extremity
• Trunk
Ergonomic Body Division
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Use OSHA 200/300 logs
• Accident Reports
• Workman’s Compensation info
• Employee Surveys
• Visual Cues
Recognizing a WMSD Problem
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Body Part Discomfort Form and Rating Scale
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• A narrative, quantitative and/or checklist system that provides a standardized evaluation of a job/task
• Tools based on biomechanical and physiological information compiled and calculated providing a relative risk of injury probability
• Can be specific for body region and/or risk factors
What is a Task Analysis Tool
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Provide guidance• Where to begin corrective actions• Helps direct efforts toward specific body
division, risk factors
• Involve employees• Employees can perform assessments
• Provide a level of measurement• Shows improvement of tasks• Baseline data
Why do we need these tools?
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Two criteria for use:
• What are you trying to find out?• General vs. Specific information
• What limitations must be considered?• Various tools are only able to assess
specific body regions
How do we use them?
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Checklists
• Easy to use
• Less time consuming
• Minimal training
• Very sensitive: One check, task must be considered
Types of Analysis Tools
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Types of Analysis ToolsQuantitative
• Less sensitive
• More specific training
• Provide a relative risk assessment
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Types of Analysis ToolsNarrative
• More formal training and experience required
• Provides specific areas for improvement
• Very time consuming
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Washington State Checklist (WISHA)
• NIOSH
• University of Michigan
Checklists
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Checklist system that identifies “caution or hazard zone jobs”
• Incorporates each of the risk factors including vibration and contact stress
• Has separate evaluation for heavy, frequent or awkward lifting
• Uses verbal cues to guide user through evaluation criteria
• Not generally left or right side independent
WISHA
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Does address combination of risk factors
• Great “first cut” ergonomic tool
• Draw Backs• High sensitivity: identify many jobs• Doesn’t separate frequency component
by body part
WISHA
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• 3 basic sections• Entire body checklist• Lifting hazard section• Vibration hazard analysis
• Entire body checklist• Identify if a particular hazard exist as a
result of a risk factor for a body part• If a hazard exists then corrective action
is needed
Using WISHA
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Lifting hazard analysis
• Calculated weight limit is adjusted by:
• Compares the actual weight lifted to a calculated weight limit
• Actual weight lifted > Weight limit = Hazard exists
Using WISHA
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Vibration hazard analysis
• Compares the time an employee uses the machine to a pre-measured vibration value
• Plot time vs. vibration data on graph
• Intersection point indicates degree of hazard
• Vibration data: www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo
Using WISHA
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Job Strain Index
• Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
• ACGIH Threshold Limit Value – HAL
• Rapid Entire Body Assessment
• Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis
• Snook Push/Pull Hazard Tables
Quantitative Tools
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Only evaluates hand, wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity)
• Assess task based on posture, frequency and force
• FORCE driven
• Doesn’t consider vibration or contact stress
• Index based on a relative risk (1-1053)• 7 considered hazardous
Job Strain Index
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Can assess right and left sides independently as well as worst case
• Used in meat packing, small part assembly, keyboarding and other highly repetitive hand motions
Job Strain Index
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Intensity of exertions (force)
• Duration of Exertion (% cycle)
• Efforts per minute
• Hand/wrist posture
• Speed of work
• Duration of task per day
Strain Index Elements
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Assign a value for each of the 6 elements
• Multiply each element = strain index
• Compare calculated value to decision threshold provided
• Decision Threshold• <3 safe• 3-5 uncertain• 5-7 some risk• >7 hazardous
Using the Job Strain Index
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JHA/Work Methods
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Videotaping Tips
• Announce the name of the job on the tape
• Tape 5 to 10 minutes for each task
• At least 3-4 cycles
• Start with whole body shots and then zoom in on problems areas
• Try different angles to get the best shot
JHA/Work Methods
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Step 1: Breaking The Job Down
• List each step in order of occurrence
• Be sure to record enough information
• Can use Gilbreth’s terms to describe steps
• Can use video or photos
JHA/Work Methods
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Search• Select• Grasp• Reach• Move• Hold• Position• Inspect
• Assemble• Disassemble• Use• Unavoidable Delay• Avoidable Delay• Plan• Rest to overcome
fatigue
Gilbreth’s Table of Work Elements
JHA/Work Methods
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Step 2: Identify the Hazards
• Look for Risk Factors in each job
• Repeat the job observation until all hazards identified• Video and photos can be especially helpful
• Consider abnormal activities and conditions
JHA/Work Methods
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Step 3: New Procedure or Protection
• Can the job be performed in another way?
• Can you make physical changes to the job?
• Does the job have to be performed? Can it be done less often?
JHA/Work Methods
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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
What does the worker need to know from this presentation?