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SESSION 8
TEIL
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Today’s agendaLanguage change and varieties of English
Attitudes towards varieties of English
Pragmatic and rhetorical standards in EIL
Preparation for assignment task 2 (lesson plan) – handout!
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Varieties of English in Outer Circle =“institutionalised” or “nativised” varieties (Kahcru,1986)
◦ English serves a wide range of functions in the localeducational, administrative, and legal systems.
◦ The use of English has become institutionalised, resultingin the development of new norms which have becomecodified and accepted.
Language change and
varieties of English
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In terms of norms and speech communities:◦ Inner Circle norm-providing◦ Outer Circle norm-developing◦ Expanding Circle norm-dependent (Quirk and Kachru were in
agreement for this one!)
Question 1: What other reasons make Indonesia a norm-dependent speech community of English, besides the fact that it anExpanding Circle country? Think about the
“institutionalised”/” nativised ” issue!
Question 2: How will the above facts differentiate your lesson planfor TEIL from a lesson plan for other English classes that are notbased on TEIL?
Language change and
varieties of English
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Varieties of any language:
◦ are associated with particular social groups
◦ can be characterised by a specific set of linguisticvariations
Attitudes towards varieties of
English
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Linguistically, all varieties of English are equal becausethey are fully systematic and regulated by a set of rules(correct grammar!), for example:
◦ She kena sabo by them (Singlish)
◦ She was sabotaged by them (Standard English)
Socially, not all varieties of English are equal:
◦Identity related Singlish represents bad society as it is‘bad English’ vs. simply represents Singaporean identity
◦ Prestige related sub-standard, non-standard, etc.
◦ Power related access vs. non-access, etc.
Attitudes towards varieties of
English
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Standard English
Used for wider communication and officialpurposes
Standard Singaporean English
Used for primary education andlocal news
Singlish
Used with family andfriends
English language hierarchy
for Singapore
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Linguistically, all varieties of English are equal because theyare fully systematic and regulated by a set of rules (correctgrammar!)
Socially, not all varieties of English are equal Identityrelated, Prestige related, Power related
Attitudes towards varieties of
English
Question 3: Which one is a stronger determinant in whether or not a new
language variety is emerging – linguistic or social consideration? Give an
example! (The example can be an English variety or other language
variety)
Question 4: How will the above differentiate your lesson plan for TEIL
from a lesson plan for other English classes that are not based on TEIL?
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Lexical variation
Grammatical variation
Phonological variation
…just a reminder, already discussed in Introductionto EIL…
Distinctive linguistic features of
varieties of English
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Pragmatic and rhetorical competence play their rolestogether, because:
◦ They vary cross-culturally
◦ They involve the speaker/writer or listener/reader in themeaning making process
◦ They entail a set of communicative purposes
Problem: using a native speaker model as a target
Pragmatic and rhetorical
standards in EIL
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Attention to pragmatic competence should focus:◦ On developing an awareness of cross-cultural variation in spoken
interactions
◦ Not on promoting Inner Circle pragmatic rules.
The use of EIL:◦ Should not be associated with any particular rhetorical tradition
◦ Should emphasise the need for readers of English to be willing toprocess English texts that conform to a variety of rhetorical patterns
Highlight: relationship between language and culture
Question 5: How will you incorporate the above facts in yourlesson plan for TEIL?
Pragmatic and rhetorical
standards in EIL