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What is hardware virtualization?
Indirect the underlying hardware layer
Allow multiplexing and isolation
Key points: Treat OS as a component Split the administrative role in half
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What is Xen?
Virtual machine manager (VMM) Developed at University of
Cambridge An Isolation Kernel Recently included in mainline Linux Used in many production
environments
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Virtualization in the Enterprise
X
Consolidate under-utilized servers to reduce CapEx and OpEx
Avoid downtime with VM Relocation
Dynamically re-balance workload to guarantee application SLAs
X Enforce security policyX
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Why Xen is interesting for Grid/E-Science Environments
EncapsulationOS as management primitive, and strong isolation
AccountingCollect detailed usage data on each VM
Pre-emption and CheckpointingUsing suspend/resume
Load BalancingUsing migration
Storage virtualizationSimple virtual block interface can be mapped to whatever you like (disk/file/etc…)
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Virtualization Overview
Single OS image: Virtuozo, Vservers, Zones Group user processes into resource containers Hard to get strong isolation
Full virtualization: VMware, VirtualPC, QEMU Run multiple unmodified guest OSes Hard to efficiently virtualize x86
Para-virtualization: UML, Xen Run multiple guest OSes ported to special arch Arch Xen/x86 is very close to normal x86
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Paravirtualization
Virtualization is traditionally slow relative to raw hardware (IBM VM, VMware, etc)
Xen paravirtualizes Co-design with VM OS Optimize OS to run in a virtualized
environment Maintain ABI – applications stay the
same.
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Xen 3.0 Architecture
Event Channel Virtual MMUVirtual CPU Control IF
Hardware (SMP, MMU, physical memory, Ethernet, SCSI/IDE)
NativeDeviceDriver
GuestOS(XenLinux)
Device Manager & Control s/w
VM0
NativeDeviceDriver
GuestOS(XenLinux)
UnmodifiedUser
Software
VM1
Front-EndDevice Drivers
GuestOS(XenLinux)
UnmodifiedUser
Software
VM2
Front-EndDevice Drivers
UnmodifiedGuestOS(WinXP))
UnmodifiedUser
Software
VM3
Safe HW IF
Xen Virtual Machine Monitor
Back-End Back-End
VT-x
32/64bit
AGPACPIPCI
SMP
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System Performance
L X V U
SPEC INT2000 (score)
L X V U
Linux build time (s)
L X V U
OSDB-OLTP (tup/s)
L X V U
SPEC WEB99 (score)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
Benchmark suite running on Linux (L), Xen (X), VMware Workstation (V), and UML (U)
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TCP results
L X V UTx, MTU 1500 (Mbps)
L X V URx, MTU 1500 (Mbps)
L X V UTx, MTU 500 (Mbps)
L X V URx, MTU 500 (Mbps)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
TCP bandwidth on Linux (L), Xen (X), VMWare Workstation (V), and UML (U)
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Scalability
L X
2L X
4L X
8L X
16
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Simultaneous SPEC WEB99 Instances on Linux (L) and Xen(X)
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Web Server Relocation
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Performance issues for GRID environments
One problematic workload: Synchronous, low-latency, MPI-style communications. Domain crossings / no batching.
BUT: Hardware vendors know this is a problem that needs fixing. Several vendors are in the process of
building virtualization-friendly devices.
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Existing GRID Users
Tim Freeman and Kate Keahey at Argonne National Lab in Chicago
Looking at combining virtualization with GRID Environment creation, management,
etc.
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Other Xen Supporters
Hardware Systems
Platforms & I/O
Operating System and Systems Management
* Logos are registered trademarks of their owners
Acquired by
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Ongoing Work
Parallax: Distributed VM storage Decentralized, data replication, copy-on-
write Pervasive Debugging
VMs are an ideal debugging environment
XenSE: Security Enhanced Xen MAC-based VMM
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Conclusions
Xen is a complete and robust GPL VMM Outstanding performance and scalability Excellent resource control and protection Live relocation makes seamless migration
possible for many real-time workloads
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/(Google for “Xen”)