Download - Pre Civil War Part I
Nationalism & Sectionalism America’s Path to Civil War
An “Era of Good Feelings” & the
Transportation Revolution
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
James Madison James MonroeDemocrat-Republican1809 - 1817
Democrat-Republican1817 - 1825
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
How did America go from a time of nationalism and an “Era of Good Feelings” to one of sectionalism and
Civil War?
“American System”A series of measures intended to build the American economy
and make it self-sufficient.
Henry Clay
“Era of Good Feelings”A time of peace, pride, unity, , and progress
Transportation Revolution
(1800 - 1850)
A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation.
CumberlandRoad
(1811 - 1837)
• 1st road built by the federal government
• 600 miles long
Transportation Revolution
Transportation Revolution
How does this road build the American economy?
Transportation Revolution
Erie Canal(1817 - 1825)
Completed in 1825
Connected Albany to Buffalo, New York
363 miles long
Transportation Revolution
Transportation Revolution
How does the Erie Canal help to build the American economy?
Transportation Revolution
Erie Canal in Rochester, New York 1907
State of New York Report on The Barge Canal
New York City was ranked fourth in population in 1800 rose to first place . . . Albany doubled its population within a few years.
The population of Utica increased from 3,000 to 13,000 in twenty years. Syracuse, which was described as a "desolate" hamlet of a few scattered wooden houses in 1820, became a city of 11,000 in 1840.
During approximately the same period, Rochester changed from "one wide and deep forest" to a prosperous community of 20,000.
Buffalo, a wilderness outpost of 200 in 1812, became a gateway to the west and its population reached 18,000 by 1840.
State of New York Report on The Barge Canal, Legislative Document 1961
Steamboat
Invented by Robert Fulton in 1803
First full-sized commercial steamboat was called the
Clermont
Transportation Revolution
How will a steamboat help to build the American economy?
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American economy?
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.
• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.
• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.
• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.
• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.
• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.
• Increase the population in cities and moved the population out West.
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
• Allowed America to trade with distant internal markets.
• Reduced the costs of shipping goods.
• Increased the speed at which goods could be shipped.
• Increase the population in cities and moved the population out West.
• Led to the formation of an integrated national market.
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
How did the transportation revolution help to build the American Economy?
Technological Innovations Transform the North and South
America’s Path to Civil War
Father of the Industrial Revolution
Father of the Industrial Revolution
Richard Arkwright
Father of the Industrial Revolution
Richard ArkwrightSpinning Frame:
1st machine built to spin cotton threads.(1769)
Father of the Industrial Revolution
Richard ArkwrightSpinning Frame:
1st machine built to spin cotton threads.(1769)
Effect - Great Britain becomes the world’s most productive textile manufacturing industry.
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater
Effect: Led to the growth of the textile industry in the United States
Old Slater Mill Pawtucket, RI
First successful industrial mechanized textile mill in America.(1793)
Holt - Pg. 385
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable Parts
Effect: Led to mass production and the cheaper manufacture of goods.
How did new technological innovations impact the North?
Operator of thread-making machine. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi Cotton thread-making machinery. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi
Operator of thread-making machine. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi Cotton thread-making machinery. Laurel cotton mill, Laurel, Mississippi
It took one person an entire day to tear one-two pounds of cotton from the clinging seeds. (Pg. 415)
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Effect: Creates a cotton boom and cotton farms spread throughout the South.
Cotton Gin 1793
Cotton Gin Photographs
"What would happen if no cotton was furnished for three
years? England would topple headlong and carry the whole civilized world with her. No, you dare not make war on
cotton! No power on earth dares make war upon it. Cotton is King."
-- Senator James Henry Hammond of South Carolina (1858)
• By 1860, northern textile mills imported nearly 100 percent of their cotton from the South.
Cotton exports
- 1800: $5 million (7% of U.S. exports)- 1830: $30 million (41% of U.S. exports)
- 1860: $191 million (57% of U.S. exports)
• Southern cotton accounted for 70 percent of the raw material fueling Britain's industrial revolution
•12 wealthiest counties in the United States were in the South
• South purchased $30 million of mid- western food and $150 million of northern manufactured goods.
Source: “Slavery in America.” 9 Apr 2008 <http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_cotton.htm>.
How did new technological innovations impact the South?
"Trail of Tears" painting by Robert Lindneux.
The Rise of SectionalismAmerica’s Path to Civil War
Sectionalism
Sectionalism
• Favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of another.
Comparing InterestsNORTH
Trade and manufacturing
Compete against British manufacturing
Immigrants for labor
SOUTH
Farming
Rely on importing manufactured goods
Rely on slaves for labor
House of Representatives
Northerners (100) Southerners (76)
House of Representatives
Northerners (100) Southerners (76)
Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a
slave state:
North - 14South - 76
-------------------Total: 90/176
House of Representatives
Northerners (100) Southerners (76)
Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a
slave state:
North - 14South - 76
-------------------Total: 90/176
Missouri wins approval as a slave state.
House of Representatives
Northerners (100) Southerners (76)
Voting Resultsin favor of Missouri as a
slave state:
North - 14South - 76
-------------------Total: 90/176
Missouri wins approval as a slave state.
Senate now has more slave states than free states. Advantage South.
Missouri Compromise“Special Amendment”
• Importing slaves into the state is illegal.
• Children born to slaves would be free.
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri enters the Union as a slave state.
• Maine joins the union as a free state.
• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude
• Real issue of slavery itself is avoided.
Reflection
Reflection
• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?
Reflection
• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?
• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?
Sectionalism
Sectionalism
• Favoring the interests of one section or region over the interests of another.
Reflection
Reflection
• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?
Reflection
• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?
• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?
Reflection
• Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution? Did it solve the debate between free states and slave states?
• If you were a Senator in 1820, would you have voted for or against the Missouri Compromise?
• Whose interests were favored more in the Missouri Compromise?
American SystemA series of measures intended to build
the American economy and make it self-sufficient.
Missouri Compromise• Missouri enters the Union as a
slave state.
• Maine joins the union as a free state.
• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude Henry Clay
States Rights vs.
Authority of the Federal Gov’t
American Economic Issue
American Economic Issue
• British companies are driving American manufacturers out of business with their inexpensive goods.
Tariff of Abominations
• How will the tariff affect the North and South differently?
“Congress should not favor one state or
region over another.”
-- John C. CalhounSouth Carolina
Nullification Crisis
• States’ Rights: State power should be greater than federal power
• States have the right to nullify federal laws with which they disagree.
- States determine if something is unconstitutional, not the Supreme Court
Nullification Act
• Passed by the state of South Carolina
• Declared null and void the tariffs of 1828 & 1832
• Threaten to withdraw from the Union if federal troops were sent in.
• South Carolina votes to form its own army.
Henry Clay
American SystemA series of measures intended to build
the American economy and make it self-sufficient.
Missouri Compromise• Missouri enters the Union as a
slave state.
• Maine joins the union as a free state.
• No slavery allowed north of 36 30’ latitude Henry Clay
Henry Clay
Henry Clay
Nullification Compromise
pg. 329