The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority
Wetlands Ecosystems Coverage,Status and Threats in the
Abbay River Basin
Conducted By:
Getnet Hunegnaw
Habib Mengesha
Alemante Aimro
Biazin Ferede
Abbay Basin Authority
December, 2013
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. iv
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. v
Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... vi
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vii
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives of the assessment .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Scope of the assessment ................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Wetlands in the world ........................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia ......................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin ........................................................................................... 8
2.4 Classification of wetlands ............................................................................................... 10
2.5 Functions of wetlands ..................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1 Wetland economic values ..................................................................................................... 13
3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Description of Assessment Areas ................................................................................. 15
3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods ........................................................................ 17
4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion ..................................................................... 17
4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin ................................................................ 17
4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin ................................................................ 23
4.2.1 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................ 24
4.2.2 Food supply ................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.4 Material supply .............................................................................................................. 26
4.2.5 Water supply ................................................................................................................. 27
4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment ................................................... 28
4.3 Bird Species Diversity ..................................................................................................... 28
4.4 Plant Species Diversity ................................................................................................... 29
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4.5 Current wetlandmanagementsystems……………………………………………….30
4.6 Threats of Wetlands ........................................................................................................ 30
4.7 Legal Frameworks ........................................................................................................... 31
4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management ....................................................... 32
5. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................... 33
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 33
5.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 35
References .................................................................................................................................. 37
Annexes ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires ................................................................................ 41
Annex II. Bird Species .......................................................................................................... 45
Annex III. Plant Species ........................................................................................................ 46
Annex IV. Wild Animals ........................................................................................................ 49
Annex V. Reptiles .................................................................................................................. 49
Annex VI. Fishes ................................................................................................................... 49
Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin ............................................... 50
Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin ............................ 59
Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin ........................................... 74
Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin ............................................... 82
Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin ......................................... 84
Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin ........................................... 84
Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin .......................................... 85
Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin ..................................................... 85
Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin ................................................. 85
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List of Figures
Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana .................................................................. 9
Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas ........................................................................................ 16
Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level .................................. 19
Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level .................. 20
Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level ............................... 20
Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level ................................ 21
Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level ............................. 21
Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level ................................ 22
Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level .............................. 22
Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23
Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23
Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps ................................................................... 25
Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing .................................................................................. 26
Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana ............. 27
Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain, ........ 29
Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain ........ 30
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List of Tables
Table 2. 1 Wetland types ............................................................................................................ 6
Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia ............................................................ 7
Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions .... 14
Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin .............................................. 31
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Acronyms
ABA Abbay Basin Authority
BCM Billion Cubic Meter
BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and
Use
CBOs Community Based Organizations
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EWNRA Ethiopian Wetlands and natural resources Association
EWRP Ethiopian Wetland Research Programme
FAO Food and Agriculture organization
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GIS Geographical Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
LUPRD Land use Planning and Regulatory Department
MoWR Ministry of Water Resources
MW MegaWatt
NGOs Non Governmental Organizations
SNNPRS Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples‟ Regional State
USDA United Nations Department of Agriculture
WA Wetland Action
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Abstract
Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface between land
and water. Of the total estimated wetlands area of Ethiopia the Abbay Basin covers about 1.43%
wetlands area and are largely found in Tana sub basin at the shore of Lake Tana, Didessa,
Fincha sub basin and Dabus sub basins.
Wetland assessment study data was cllected in the Administrative Zones of the Amhara, Oromiya
and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the sub basins of Abbay Basin. In all of the
assessed sub-basins significant hectares of wetlands are found. Accordingly, the total coverage
areas of wetlands in the four sub basins are estimated to be above 188,528 hectares of marshy
or swampy areas. Tana and Didesa sub basins are the largest center of wetlands that comprise
Fogera and Dembia flood plains in which are the largest wetland areas in Ethiopia. Wetlands of
the sub basins are rich in bird, plant and large mammals’ diversity including reptiles. These
wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous and migratory bird species that
come from England and other European countries seasonally to cope up the weather conditions,
and wild animals. In addition these, wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla,
sedges…etc.
Wetlands found in the Basin serves the surrounding communities for animal grazing, irrigation,
water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for the local communities,
harvesting place for green grasses-‘Chefe’ for holiday and festival ceremony, sources of hatches
for hats, shelter for wild lives and reptiles. Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the
local community to prepare rain protective material-‘Gessa’ in the rainy season.
The current management of wetlands in the sub basins is poor and even attacked by recession
and drain agriculture. Because of the misuse and poor management of wetlands the very crucial
biodiversity of wetlands are indangered and no policy formulation and legal frame works
enacted for the management and sustainable utilization of wetlands in Federal or Regional
governments
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Introduction
1.1 Background
Ethiopia, with its different land formations and climatic conditions, is endowed with
considerable water resources and wetland ecosystems, including twelve drainage
systems/basins, more than eight major lakes, many swamps, marshes, floodplains, and
human made reservoirs. Out of the twelve drainage systems in the country three of
them, namely Abbay (Upper part of Blue Nile), Baro-Akobo, and Tekeze, are located
within the Nile Basin.
The Abbay Basin having total area coverage of 199,812km2 is the most important river
basin in Ethiopia. It accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total
average annual run-off, and 25 % of its population (MoWR, 1998). The land cover of the
basin includes Afro-Alphine (0.57%), cultivated (34%), forest and plantations (1.4%),
bamboo (3.5%), woodland (20.3%), bush and shrub (10.2%), grassland (23.1%),
wetland (2.9%), rock (3%) and urban area (0.05%) (MoWR,1998).
Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface
between land and water. While water is a major factor of wetland definition, soils,
vegetation and animal life also contribute to their unique characteristics (Rogeri 1995).
Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in different parts of the world and
more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent definition provided by the Ramsar
Bureau seems to be gaining more acceptance across the globe; the Ramsar
Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or
water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or
flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low
tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2) provides that
wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and
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islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the
wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).
In this regard wetlands in the Abbay Basin provide various services and benefits to the
wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms of
their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local communities.
Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an important source of medicinal
plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are given access to wetlands during
the dry season, and critically, communities rely on wetlands for drinking water which is
collected from springs around their periphery (Bognetteau et al 2003; Dixon et al 2002;
Afework 1998). Wetlands serve as livelihood income bases for the local communities,
for example papyrus plant that grows in wetland found around Lake Tana shore is
source of livelihood income for the „Negede Weyto‟ communities who made local small
boats and household artefacts.
Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under
serious threats from human intervention. They are facing serious threats that have
resulted in the loss of a number of wetlands and degradation which will lead to further
loss of wetlands in the near future. Despite the fact that some efforts being made to
address the problems and the threats that wetlands have encountered, the situation
needs considerable attention, and commitments from all groups of actors at all levels
from the grass roots to decision and policy makers in order to stop and reverse the
threats and bring a sustainable solution to the problem.
So, the aim of this assessment report is to assess the existing situation of wetland
ecosystems in Tana, Fincha, Debub Gojjam and Beles sub-basins and serve as a
spring board for the preparation of strategic plan for wetlands conservation and its
sustainable management system in the Abbay River Basin.
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1.2 Objectives of the assessment
The general objective of this study is assessment of the over all status of wetlands
that will lead to the preparation of strategic plan for sustainable utilization and
management in the Abbay River Basin.
Specific objectives are:-
To prepare baseline information on total coverage of wetlands area found in the
Abbay Basin
To assess the status and usage of wetlands in the basin
To assess the abundance of plants, birds and animals living within the area.
To investigate the threats and opportunities in the management and use of
wetlands
1.3 Scope of the assessment
This assessment study is limited only to four sub-basins of the Abbay River Basin
mainly targeted in collection of task relevant data from zonal offices and sample
woredas in each sub basins based on the information obtained from zonal Agriculture
and Environment offices. Therefore the study report mainly focuses on secondary
information collected from relevant stakeholders and primary data obtained from the
field visits. The primary data collected is limited to marshy and swampy areas only that
does not include water bodies.
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2. Literature Review
2.1 Wetlands in the world
Wetlands, are a distinctive group of habitats intermediate between aquatic and
terrestrial ecosystems, have specialized vegetation which copes with the vagaries of
fluctuating water tables, the chemical oddities of anaerobic soils and the problems of
inundation with saline water. Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in
different parts of the world and more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent
definition provided by the Ramsar Bureau is gaining more acceptance worldwide and
the Ramsar Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen,
peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that
is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of
which at low tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2)
provides that wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the
wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying
within the wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).
The extent of the world‟s Wetlands is generally thought to range from 7 to 9 million Km2
or about 4 to 6 % of the land surface of the earth (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2002).
However, based on the Russian geographers, it is estimated that more than 6.4% of the
land surface of the world, or 8.8% million Km2, is wetland, and almost 56% of this
estimated total wetland area is found in tropical (2.6 million Km2) and subtropical (2.1
million Km2) regions. But, a more recent estimate of the world‟s wetlands by the U.S
Department of Agriculture (USDA) cited in (Hayal Desta, 2006) states that 13.7% (18.8
million Km2 ) of the earth‟s surface is wetland.
Wetlands are very important for the multifarious values that they provide free of charge.
They constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational
values. They support high level of biological diversity. They are the richest ecosystem
next to tropical rainforest on this planet, providing essential life support for much of
humanity, as well as for other species. They are described as “the kidney of the
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landscape” because they function as the downstream receiver of water and waste from
both natural and human sources (hydrological and chemical cycles) (Mitsch and
Gosselink, 2002). They stabilize water supplies, thus ameliorating both flood and
drought, cleanse polluted waters, protect shorelines, and recharge ground water
aquifers. They also have been called “biological supermarkets” because of the
extensive food chain and rich biodiversity that they support (Afework, 1998). They offer
sanctuary to a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and
mammals, as well as to millions of both migratory and sedentary water birds. They are
being described by carbon dioxide sinks and climate change stabilizers on a global
scale (Mitsch and Gosselink), 2002).
Wetlands have long been viewed as dismal, beg-infested areas of nuisance and
unsightliness. Rather, they are rich centers of many fauna and flora resources (Hayal
Desta, 2006). They are also important sources of water for agriculture, industrial and
domestic uses. Wetlands especially river valleys and their associated flood plains have
been at the heart of human civilization. Thus, wetland systems have played key role
throughout the development and survival of human communities.
Wetlands differ widely due to regional and local variations in soils, landscape
(topography), climate, hydrology (water regime), water chemistry, existing vegetation
and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, according to (Cowardin et.al.. 1979) cited
in (Bacon, 1999), five major wetland system types are recognized: marine, estuarine,
lacustrine, riverine and palustrine. Of the global total wetland area estimated, the
greatest part is occupied by wetlands in freshwater environments (Table 2.1).
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Table 2. 1 Wetland types
Type Percentage (%)
Marine 16.6 saline water
Estuarine 9.2 Brakish water
Lacustrine 23.8 Freshwater
Riverine 15.9 Freshwater
Palustrine 30.0 Freshwater
Artificial (man made) 10.5 Freshwater
Source: Bacon, 1999
Marine (coastal areas) and estuarine (deltas and tidal areas) systems describe coastal,
saltwater wetlands, whereas the other three categories represent freshwater systems.
Lacustrine wetlands are associated with lakes; riverine wetlands are found along rivers
and streams; and palustrine wetlands represent those wetlands that are often referred
to as marshes, swamps and bogs, which are characterized by spongy peat deposits, a
growth of evergreen trees and shrubs and a floor covered by a thick carpet of
Sphagnum moss. According to Hayal Desta, 2006 wetlands can be divided into two
types; peat forming (with > 40 cm of accumulated organic matter) and non-peat forming
(with < 40 cm of accumulated organic matter). Non-peat forming wetlands are classified
as shallow open-water wetlands, marshes and swamps. Peat forming wetlands are
subdivided into fens and bogs.
2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia
The wetlands of Ethiopia represent a significant environment in the country, estimated
to cover around 1.5% of total land area (1.43% of it is within the Abbay Basin) (Johnston
and McCartney, 2010). Ethiopia is home to all types of wetlands except those associated
with coastal wetlands. The wetlands in the country vary in size and type. The types of
wetlands that are dominant in one part of the country might be rare in other areas and
vice versa. Although the potential of Ethiopia‟s wetland resources is not fully
7
documented; it is known that they represent a significant micro-environment in parts of
the country.
According to Hillman (1993) there are about 73 major wetlands in Ethiopia with a total
coverage of 13,699 km2. Furthermore, according to the FAO Land Use Map of Ethiopia,
produced from air photos from the 1960s and 1970s, and early Landsat data, 0.74% of
the country is made up of wetlands. However, this only includes permanent wetlands of
the size which can be registered by such remote sensing sources. The report
accompanying the map recognizes that the figure is nearer to 2% of its total area (
22,500 Km2 ) including shallow lakes, small wetlands, peat lands, swamp forests and
seasonal wetlands not picked up by these sources (FAO 1984). In addition the data
compiled from the Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Project (2002-unpublished)
study indicates that the 1.43% of the country is covered by wetlands that include
swamps, marshes and water bodies (Table 2.2). The distribution of wetlands varies
from one region to the other and Gambella has the highest proportion of wetlands
followed by Amhara Regional state whilst Tigray has the lowest proportion of wetlands
after Benishangul Gumuz.
Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia
Regions
Total area
(ha)
Wetlands*
Coverage (ha) % wetlands
Gambella 3,203,280 247,556 7.73
Amhara 15,764,744 431,695 2.74
SNNPRS 11,064,200 152,900 1.38
Afar 9,526,567 131,000 1.38
Oromiya 35,961,996 397,853 1.11
Somali 29,151,596 250,612 0.86
Beneshangul Gumuz 5,033,592 22,466 0.45
Tigray 5,085,784 8,053 0.16
Total 114,791,759 1,642,135 1.43
Source: Afework 1998 (cited in Woody Biomass, 2002- unpublished report)
*Includes all wetland types including water bodies
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2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin
The Abbay Basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the Eastern
and central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟
to 39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its Western border and shares common
boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the North, the Omo Gibe basin to the South, the
Awash basin to the East and South-east and the Baro-Akobo to the South-west (FDRE
MoWR, 1998). The basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and
Benishangul-Gumuz Regions.
The basin accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total average annual
run-off, and 25 % of its population. It has wetlands area that accounts 2.9% of its area
(FDRE MoWR, 1998). Out of the 2.9% the basin wetlands area coverage; water bodies
account about 1.7% i.e. 3,415 km2 (equivalent to 341500 ha) and marshy and swampy
lands account about 1.2% i.e. 2,384 km2 (equivalent to 238400 ha) of the Basin area.
Wetlands are much more common in the Amhara region (2.74% of area of which 90%
of the wetlands are found within Abbay drainage system (Woody Biomass 2002) than in
Oromiya (1.11%) or Benishangul-Gumuz (0.45%) (AMU,2009). Abebe and Geheb
(2003) list 73 significant wetland sites nationally. Of these, seven lie within the Abbay
Basin (Aloba Lake, Ashenge Lake, Chomen Lake, Fogera Swamps, Tana Lake, Wonchi
Lake, Zangana Lake), and there are many other small wetlands within the basin. The
main wetland areas within the basin occur around Lake Tana, the Finchaa and Chomen
swamps and the large Dabus swamp which is located within the Western Wellega zone
of the Oromiya region.
Wetlands are used extensively for a range of purposes including domestic water supply
and agriculture (Wood 2001). Because of the importance of livestock in the basin many
are used for grazing. In many places grazing strategies follow distinct seasonal and
spatial patterns with grazing pressure focused on wetlands during the dry season and in
uplands during the rainy season when the wetlands are too wet (Mwendera et al. 1997).
Rice farming in swamp areas is practiced South of Gonder in Amhara, on the Fogera
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floodplain wetlands (around Lake Tana) and also in the Dabus wetland (Gebregziabher
2010).
The wetlands of Amhara region are distributed all over the region, but the largest portion
of the wetlands are found in the Abbay Basin drainage system associated with Lake
Tana such as Fogera, Dembia, Kunzela flood plains (Figure 2.1), marshes and swamps
are dominant within Awi and Western and Eastern Gojjam zones.
Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana
Source: Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, 2001.
Furthermore the Oromiya region, especially that of the upper part of Nile Basin South
Western and Eastern areas with a varied landscape and considerable rainfall up to
2,200mm in Illubabor highlands, has varied wetlands from small wetlands scattered all
over to larger and bigger wetlands located deep in forested areas. The dominant types
found in the region include valley bottom swamps, marshes, floodplains, human made
reservoirs mainly Fincha, peat swamps and forested and riverine wetlands. The overall
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estimate of wetlands within the Western Oromiya Region mainly in the Abbay Basin is
estimated up to 1.0% (Afework 2005).
Out of 43 wetlands inventoried in the country by the Environmental Protection Authority
(EPA 2003) some 19 wetlands (44%) including lakes, swamps, marshes and human
made reservoirs are found in the Abbay Basin part of Ethiopia. Although the proportion
of wetland area is low, the contribution of wetlands to the livelihood of the community
and their ecological significance is much higher than their area coverage.
2.4 Classification of wetlands
Ethiopia as well as the Abbay Basin hosts all types of wetlands that have been
classified and listed in different parts of the world except wetlands that are associated
with costal zones. However, due to lack of institutional setup and legal frame work
within the country there has no systemic classification and inventory of wetlands has
been undertaken. There are isolated reports on the location and estimates on the extent
of wetlands in different parts of the country. Some researchers and resource managers
have tried to list names and location of limited number of wetlands within the country
and made rough estimates of their area coverage. Hunghes and Hughes (1992) have
made some attempts to group Ethiopian wetlands into ten categories based on their
ecological zones and also made their descriptions. On the other hand Leykun Abunie
(2003) has made an attempt to classify Ethiopian wetlands into four major categories
based on ecological zones, hydrological functions, geomorphologic formations and
climatic conditions. He explained that the four categories in which he has classified are
linked with the four major biomes, which also describe climatic conditions in Ethiopia.
The four wetland biome he tried to identify includes:
o The Afro-Tropical wetland system,
o Somali-Masai wetland system,
o Sudano Guinean wetland system, and
o Sahelian Transitional wetland system.
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However, such classification is based on their location and do not take into account the
nature of the wetlands itself and lacks to provide proper information for their
management.
There are many systems of classifying wetlands followed by various organization and
institutions depending on their sources of water and nutrients (river, lake, ground water
or rainfall), according to their hydrological regime-e.g. permanently or temporarily
flooded, permanently waterlogged, etc and many other classification criteria could be
envisaged (such as soil type, vegetation structure, etc.) as well.
Based on a simplified classification version used by the Ramsar Convention one can
also classify the wetlands in Ethiopia into three broad classes which include Fresh
Water, Salt Water and Human made wetlands.
A) Fresh water wetlands
Most of the wetlands in the country can be classified as fresh water wetlands. This in
turn can be classified as riverine wetlands that are associated with presence and flow of
rivers, plustraine wetlands that are associated with temporary and permanent
freshwater marshes and swamps and lacustrine wetland types that are lakes and
wetlands associated with lake systems.
i) Riverine wetland types
Examples of riverine wetland types in Ethiopia are the floodplains of Fogera, Dembia
and Kunzela in Amhara Regional State, Beles in Benishangul Gumuz Region, and
floodplains of Wabe Shebelle, Genale, Dabus, Geba, Dedessa Rivers in Oromiya
Regional State and others.
ii) Plustrine wetland types
The plustraine wetlands are represented by Borkena/Cheffa, Fincha Swamps, Gumero
Wetland and others that are numerous in number within Southwest Ethiopian highlands.
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iii) Lacustrine wetland types
There are abundant lacustrine type of wetlands that include lakes of the Rift Valley
(Lake Ziway, Langano, Awassa, Shalla, etc), Lake Tana, Lakes of Bishofetu and many
crater lakes and the associated wetlands.
B) Salt water wetlands
There are limited salt water wetlands in Ethiopia. The example of salt water wetlands
includes wetlands of Dallol Depression in Afar Regional State.
C) Human made wetlands
Human made wetlands includes Koka, Gelgel Gibe, Melka-Wakana, Fincha, Alwero and
other hydropower and irrigation dams. Further, municipal and small water reservoirs like
dams built for various purposes, aquifers and wells.
2.5 Functions of wetlands
The major functions of wetland ecosystems are water storage, ground water recharge,
flood control, shoreline stabilization, and water quality control, moderation of climate
and flood regulation. They are also a source of substantial biodiversity and support
numerous species from all of the major groups of organisms from microbes to
mammals.
The ecological functions of wetland ecosystems in the Abbay Basin are poorly studied
and documented. However, the wetland ecosystem in the basin provides many
ecological functions which maintain and protect nature and systems which benefit
people through services such as maintenance of water quality, flow and storage, flood
control, nutrient retention and microclimate stabilization. For example Fincha, Chomen
and Lake Tana wetlands support thousands of birds and act as stop-over sites for
migratory species, including some globally endangered species. A prime example is the
large numbers of Lesser Flamingos are common in these wetlands starting from the end
of October to March.
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Furthermore, out of a total of 73 important bird areas identified in Ethiopia about 30
(41%) of them are wetlands and they support a variety of bird species including some
birds endemic to Ethiopia, as well as worldwide endangered bird species such as the
White Winged Fluff tail. In addition to that, of 861 bird species that are believed to exist
in the country, 204 (around 25%) of them are dependent on wetlands (Mengistu, 2003).
Wetlands serve as natural water purification systems. This has crucial practical
benefits, for example Gimbi Town Water Supply Plant is located at the downstream end
of Gefar wetland system which is effectively purifying water and reducing the level of
sediment in it (Afework, 1998).
The most impressive example of wetland services is the flood regulating and flood
control ability of wetlands in highland Illubabor. In earlier decades before deforestation
and wetland drainage intensified in Highland Illubabor there was no history of flooding in
the neighbouring Gambella Township. However, with increased deforestation and
extensive drainage of wetlands in Illubabor Highlands flooding has become a major
threat to Gambella Town and until recently dikes were built along the river bank to stop
such a threat. Another example is the presence of Shallo wetland or Cheleleka wetland
in the influent of Lake Awassa which plays a similar role. Shallow wetland holds much of
the runoff from Lake Awassa‟s catchment that drains first into the swamp and then
gradually flows to the lake via the Tikur Wuha River. From this point of view, the wetland
plays a vital role in controlling flooding, particularly that which originates from the
Wondo Genet highlands (Zerihun 2003).
2.5.1 Wetland economic values
The economic values of wetland ecosystems are extremely significant and critically
important for all local communities that are dependent on wetland products and
resources. In Ethiopia, wetlands have been providing benefits to many local
communities throughout the nation for centuries. The current economic, social and
cultural values that wetlands deliver in the country remain overwhelming and there are
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many communities who depend on wetlands for their livelihood. Table 2.3 presents the
goods and services, intrinsic attributes, ecological functions and possible future values
of wetlands as a general.
Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions
Direct Values Indirect Values Optional Values Non-use
Values
Production and
consumption of goods
and services such as:
o Fish
o Fuel wood
o Building poles
o Sand, gravel, clay
o Thatch
o Water
o Wild foods
o Medicines
o Agriculture/cultivation
o Pasture/grazing
o Transport
o recreation
Ecosystem functions
and services
o water quality
o water flow
o water storage
o water purification
o water recharge
o flood control
o storm protection
o nutrient retention
o microclimate
regulation
o shore stabilization
Premium placed on
possible future uses
and applications
such as:
o pharmaceutical
o agricultural
o industrial
o leisure
o water use
Intrinsic
significance in
terms of:
o cultural
values
o aesthetic
value
o heritage
value
o bequest
value
o existence
value
Source: Emerton (1999).
15
3. Methodology
3.1 Description of Assessment Areas
The wetlands assessment study was conducted in all of the Administrative Zones found
in Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the Abbay River
Basin.
The Abbay basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the eastern and
central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟ to
39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its western border and shares common
boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the north, the Omo Gibe basin to the south, the
Awash basin to the east and south-east and the Baro-Akobo to the south-west. The
basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul-Gumuz
Regions. Abbay Basin further sub divided in to 16 sub-basins namely Tana, Beles,
Dinder, Rahad, Dabus, Anger, Muger, Guder, Jemma, Walaka, Beshilo, South Gojjam,
North Gojjam, Dedessa, Wenbera and Fincha.
The climate of the basin is primarily influenced by altitude and the proximity to the
equatorial monsoonal systems. These factors produce a wide variety of local climates
ranging from hot and semi-arid to high altitude cool alpine climates. Mean annual rainfall
within the basin varies from 800 - 2,000 mm and generally increases with altitude.
(Figure 2). Rainfall in most of the basin is unimodal with the majority of the rain falling in
the wet season (June to September) brought by the south west monsoon originating
from the Atlantic Ocean. The dry season extends from October to March while a period
of short rains may sometimes occur from April to May from the penetration of the south
East Indian Ocean monsoon into the basin area. The eastern fringe area of the basin
can have a bimodal rainfall distribution, where the “belg” rains comprise nearly 50
percent of the “keremt” rains.
16
Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas
17
3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods
Review of secondary data: Available secondary data were collected from the web site
and relevant institution and reviewed to extract valuable information about wetlands
relevant to this assessment study.
Primary data Collection: Closed and open ended questionnaire was prepared and
used as a tool to gather relevant information from Zonal and Woreda Agriculture Offices
and Environmental protection, land administration and use offices. In addition direct
observation of wetlands and informal discussions and interviews were made throughout
the assessment. The team used direct observation to perceive the existing conditions of
sample wetland in each sub-basin. It was an important method for the study team to get
acquainted with the present situation of the study area. Through direct observation,
information was obtained on threats and services of wetlands.
Secondary data collection: Secondary data were obtained from published and
unpublished sources. The main sources of secondary data for this study were MoWR,
EPA, BoEPLAU, EWNRA and Website Information relevant for this study was screened
for immediate use.
4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion
4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin
Abbay basin comprises of 16 sub basins and we were to address all administrative
relevant offices in the sub basins to collect the desired data. Tana Sub-basin wetlands
cover parts of areas found under the administrative Zones of South Gondar, North
Gondar, West Gojjam and Awi zone. Tana sub basin contributes 23 999.8 hectares of
swampy areas and 315960 hectares of water bodies. The Beles sub basin wetlands
covers most parts of the Metekel zone and partly Awi zone and covers about 23,908 ha
18
of seasonal wetlands. Fincha sub basin wetlands cover most parts of Horo Gudru
zones having 17884.25ha permanent swampy areas.
Debub Gojjam sub basin covers most parts of Eastern Gojjam and some parts of West
Gojjam and Awi Zones having 16,123.25 ha of seasonal and permanent wetlands.
Didessa sub basin wetalands includes some parts of Jimma, most parts of Illu Aba Bora
and Qelem Wellega Administrative Zone marshy and swampy lands with an area of
about 54,127 hectares. The following sub basins covers-Dabus 35,564, mugger 32.
Jemma 1516.5, Anger 15309, North Gojjam 38.8 welakka 11, and Beshilo 53.4 hectares
of wetlands
The total area of wetlands in Abbay basin was estimated to be above 188,528 hectares
of marshy or swampy areas and water bodies. Tana sub basin being the largest areaof
wetlands that comprises fogera and Dembia flood plains which are the largest wetland
areas in Ethiopia. These wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous
and migratory bird species that come from England and other European countries to
cope up seasonal weather conditions. It is also a shelter of wetland animal species. In
addition these wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla, sedges …etc.
Wetlands found in the sub-basins serves the surrounding communities for animal
grazing, irrigation, water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for
the local communities, harvesting place for green grasses-„Chefe‟ for holiday and
festival ceremony, sources of thatches for huts, shelter for wild lives and reptiles.
Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the local community to prepare rain
protective material-„Gessa‟ in the rainy season. It is also a source of Hydropower in the
case of Fincha sub basin.
Wetlands distribution data in the Abbay Basin were collected at the Zonal Bureau of
agriculture and Environmental Protection land Administration and Use Departments.
Because of the absence of well recorded data concerning the area of swampy /marshy
areas in each woredas and kebeles in the contacted relevant offices, we were not able
to obntain significant areas of swapy/marshy areas in Rahad, Dinder, Wenbera and
Guder Sub basins. Based on the collected data the distributions of wetlands (only
19
marshy/swampy areas) in the assessed Sub-Basins at woreda level with respective
areas are indicated below (Figures 4.1-4.9). The total sum of wetland areas of the
indicated figure does not represent the total areas of wetlands found in each sub basins
due to the presence of some woredas in each sub basin that do not have recorded
areas of wetlands. According to the collected data most wetlands in Tana sub basins
are found at Fogera woreda followed by Bahr Dar zuria Wereda as shown in Figure 4.1.
About 16,591ha of wetlands in Debub Gojjam basin are found in Gozamin weredas and
in Fincha sub basin 15,537.25 hectares are found in Abbay Chomen weredas as shown
in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.
Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level
20
Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level
Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level
21
Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level
Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level
22
Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level
Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level
23
Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level
Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level
4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin
The extent to which Abbay Basin wetland resources contribute to the national
development has poorly studied and no empirical information exists in this regard
except for very few wetlands and wetland resources such as fisheries. However, the
wetland and the wetland resources in the assessed sub basins have immense
economical values. The following are just a few of the many economic and social
benefits that wetlands provide: supply of fish, food through drainage and recession
24
agriculture, raw materials for thatching huts and crafts, water, clay soil for pottery and
ceramics, medicinal plants, sand and grazing for the majority of livestock owners across
the sub basins.
The wetland ecosystems and the major rivers within the basin are fundamental parts of
life interwoven into the structure and welfare of societies and natural ecosystems. In
this regard wetlands in the Tana, Fincha and Debub Gojjam Sub-basins in greater
extent and in Beles sub basin in lesser extent provide various services and benefits to
the wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms
of their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local
communities. They represent a vital source of water throughout the year. As an
example, the wetlands in Tana sub basin are sources of Papyrus which are used to
make local boats, craft products, and as chefe for coffee and festival ceremonies, and
Fincha sub basins are dominated by sedge vegetation known as cheffe (Cyperus
latifolius) which is the main raw material used for thatching local huts. Cheffe is used by
many local communities and urban dwellers throughout the year in a range of
ceremonies and celebrations. Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an
important source of medicinal plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are
given access to wetlands during the dry season, and critically, communities rely on
wetlands for drinking water which is collected from springs around their periphery.
Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under
serious threats from human intervention. They are drained and cultivated for food
production in unsustainable ways, over-grazed and their resources are over-exploited.
4.2.1 Fisheries
Wetlands are a major source of fish and wetland fisheries constitute a very important
sector of the local economy and contribute towards the livelihood of tens and thousands
of the citizens especially in Tana sub-basin surrounding areas of Bahir dar, Gorgora,
Delgi and Zege. Further, the „Nagade Weyto‟ community is a particular ethnic group on
Lake Tana who is specialized on fishing using small tankaus (boats made up of
25
Papyrus) and whose livelihoods highly depend on fishing. Wetlands found in the lake
shore are important breading centers of fish and sources of food for fish fingerlings.
4.2.2 Food supply
Wetlands in all of the assessed sub-basins have been draining and used for growing
food crops. In wetlands of Tana sub basin of Lake Tana shores, around Fincha sub
basin various forms of recession agriculture are practiced by the local communities to
produce food for domestic use. Market-oriented agriculture has appeared more recently,
especially on the Fogera Plain, with the development of extensive wetland reclamation
for rice and garlic cultivation.
Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps
4.2.3 Grazing
In the assessed sub-basins wetlands have been found, and remain significant field sites
for livestock grazing. Wetlands are important destination for livestock owners or grazers
during the dry season. It would be no exaggeration to claim that the survival of the sub
basin‟s especially the Fogera breed and Debub Gojjam livestock is directly linked to the
abundance of wetlands.
26
Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing
4.2.4 Material supply
Wetlands found in the sub basins are important sources of raw materials to construct
local houses, rain protective materials, boats and household and ornamental artefacts
Sedges are one of the important wetland resources that local communities value in all of
the assessed basins .For example, in Fincha sub basin sedges have a variety of uses
for the local communities and their prime importance is for thatching local huts
especially where other suitable materials are not available or are too expensive.
Around Lake Tana in the Tana Sub- basin, Papyrus is an important raw material used
by the „Nagade Weyto‟ Community and other local households, as well as for craft
making and ceremonial purposes.
27
Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana
4.2.5 Water supply
Along the edges of most wetlands there are many water springs. They are the major
sources of drinking water for the rural population of most of the Eastern Wellega of
Fincha and Metekel zones of Beles sub basins. Wetlands are also a major water source
for domestic stock as well as wildlife. In the dry months of the year, when many streams
dry up, wetlands constitute a reliable source of water for domestic and wild animals. In
areas where there are no wetlands or where rivers are ephemeral, farmers move their
cattle in search of water every day.
Other benefits of wetlands include:
Wetlands have medicinal plants that contribute to the health care of humans as well
as livestock,
Wetlands are bird watching sites for tourist attractions – Lake Tana, Enfranz
wetland,
28
Sites for investment can be found in wetlands, such as sugarcane farming in Fincha,
livestock and crop farming Fogera wetlands.
4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment
Natural wetlands purify water by breaking and assimilating nutrients, bacteria, heavy
metal residues and other contaminants. Wetlands can be designed, constructed to take
advantage of these naturally occurring processes to treat wastewater from a variety of
sources. The natural wetlands found around Lake Tana are serving as natural treatment
for waste waters and runoffs coming from urban center, Bahir Dar, and farm lands into
the Lake. Fore example the wastewater runoff from Bahir Dar city kebele 13 and 16 are
discharging to the natural wetland found near to the Avanti Hotel in South of Lake Tana.
4.3 Bird Species Diversity
Wetlands are important bird and wildlife areas and have significance for congregational
bird species (Flamingos, cranes, ducks, geese etc.) and over-wintering areas for a
variety of migratory Palaearctic birdlife. The Tana sub-basin encompasses rich wetlands
and Sudan-Guinea Savannah biomes with wide variety of habitats and wildlife
resources. Most areas of Tana sub basin around Lake Tana and Fincha sub-basins
support diverse and valuable birds and are of the most important wetland bird sites in
Ethiopia. The Tana sub-basin may even hold, on average, more birds annually than
anywhere else in the country. About 32,471 birds of 83 wetland species were counted
on the Lake Tana area in January/February2007 (Ibid). Birds such as the Crested
Francolin and Helmeted Guinea fowl have important economic values (food & cash) for
the local people while others have significant cultural values (tourism attraction).
In a bird survey carried out on the Lake Tana and its surroundings by Francis and
Shimelis Aynalem (2007), a total of 213 species were recorded. In addition near-
threatened species including Pallid Harrier, Black-crowned Crane and Black-tailed
Godwit were also observed. Many species of migratory birds also make a twice-annual
29
stop-over in Lake Tana wetlands whose continued existence and good conditions are
essential to their successful migration.
Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain,
4.4 Plant Species Diversity
Surrounding Lake Tana of Tana sub basin and Fincha sub basin wetlands are areas
support a variety of emergent macrophytic vegetation including papyrus (Cyperus
papyrus), which is the dominant vegetation around the shore of Lake Tana. Papyrus is
used to build the local boat “tankwa” which is used by the lake fishermen. Other large
plants occurring in the reed beds around Lake Tana include Echinochloa pyramidalis;
E.stagnina; Polygonum barbatum; P.senegalese and Typha domingensis Floating
leaves aquatics include Nymphaea caerulea, N. lotus and Pistia stratiotes, while the
most important submerged species are Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria
spiralis. Much of the Finchaa swamp area is covered by vast mats of floating
stoloniferous grass vegetation (Panicum hygrocharis).
30
Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain
4.5 Current wetland management systems
The current wetland management systems are not well organized. The collected data
indicates that among 188,238 ha of wetlands in the basin only 4752. 75 ha hectares are
protected and the rest are either used for cultivation or free grazing with out sustainable
plans. Wetlands in the assessed in the Abbay River Basins are communal properties
and highly attached by free grazing, agricultural expansions and illegal encroachment.
The destruction of wetlands arises from lack of ownership for the communal property
i.e. “the tragedy of the Commons”.
4.6 Threats of Wetlands
The major threatens of wetlands in the sub-basins are anthropogenic activities as was
expressed by contacted persons and professional experts during the assessment. The
main anthropogenic activities that harm and devastate the biodiversity of wetlands are
free grazing, sedimentation, draining of wetlands for agricultural expansion and malaria
breading protection, irrigation schemes, over exploitation of wetlands resources due to
31
population pressure and poverty level of the local people. In some areas eucalyptus tree
plantation and watershed degradation had lead significant contribution for the loss of
wetlands.
Wetlands found in Didessa, Dabus sub basins are planned for the development of
irrigation schems for crop production. Most of the wetlands in the Tana sub basins are
found near the shoreline Lake Tana and Fincha sub basin wetland are also found in the
shore line Lake Chomen and Fincha dam. Around the shore line of Lake Tana and
Chomen lake recession agriculture become a common practice and these effects
contributes more threat for the devastation of swampy/ marshy lands to the dry land.
Especially the wetland found in Tana Sub basin are much more vulnerable to recession
agriculture and significant shrink of wetland are happened in less than a decade as it is
indicated in Table 4.1 below. Around the North-East of Lake Tana an exotic weed
species water hyacinth had invaded the area near the shore of Lake Tana. This weed
highly disturbs the aquatic ecosystem of wetlands.
Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin
Wetland
Name
area (ha)
1987 2008 loss in 21 years
Shesher 1,557 136 1,405
welela 298 159 139
Daga-Takua 248 75 181
Source: MoWR, 1998
4.7 Legal Frameworks
Although the country has an imperative sectoral and cross sectoral environmental policy
and national conservation strategy, indicative policy statements about the conservation
and sustainable utilization of the fragile ecological valuable wetlands is not stated. But
currently the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Environmental Protection
Authority has drafted wetland proclamation that incorporates registration and
32
management of wetlands and allowed and prohibited activities in a registerd wetland.
Because of the absence of clear conservation mechanisms and enacted legal
frameworks wetlands found in the basin are threatened by unsustainable utilization and
illegal encroachment on wetland resources. Hence, the competent government
organization has to review the drafted proclamation and formulate directives and
regulations that serve as an enforcement mechanism for the sustainable utilization and
conservation of wetlands.
4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management
A lot have been said about the importance of wetlands for human beings and animals in
particular and for the wellbeing of the environment in general because of these fact
strategic issues for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands should be proposed
and implemented by the competent government organizations, NGOs, CBOs and the
lower community members that directly benefit from it.
To protect the destruction of wetlands and ensure the sustainable utilization of
wetlands, the following strategic activities may be very crucial.
Avoid free grazing and preaching and provoking the farmers to exercise
zero-grazing system and practice cut and carry system;
Establish community based organizations and associations for the
protection and sustainable utilization of the existing wetlands;
Make free illegally encroached wetlands
Awareness creation for the farmers about the importance and practice of
watershed management
Enact legislation of legal frameworks that will enable to protect wetlands
Introduce integrated agricultural technologies that will benefit farmers
sustainably
33
Introduce alternative agricultural practices and provide practical training for
the farmers like about fishing in ponds, animal fattening, ecotourism
development in wetland resources
Conduct detailed inventory and registration of wetlands found in the basin
Mapping of wetlands using GPS points and GIS and demarcate the area
coverage of each wetlands in the basin
5. Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusion
Abbay River Basin has the largest proportion of wetlands that exist in Ethiopia. Among
the most figurative sub basins that have significant all season wetlands are Tana ,
Didessa, Dabus and Fincha sub basins. South Gojjam sub basin also has considerable
wetlands while Beles sub basin has seasonal wetlands that exist in the rainy season
most commonly. Based on the data collected about 188,528 ha of wetlands in the
Abbay river Basin with larger contribution of Tana, Didessa Fincha, South Gojjam and
Dabus sub basins. To take forward the study of wetlands in the Basin and improve their
management and contribution to development, it is necessary to make an inventory of
the wetlands in other sub basins with special emphasis on their extent and nature.
Wetlends found in four of the assessed sub basins provides quite a lot of services to the
surrounding community being source of raw materials, and source of food, shelter and
breading center for aquatic species like fish and larger mammals. Wetlands of Tana and
Fincha Sub basins are host centers of indigenous and migratory birds that come from
Europe and Middle East countries during the cold season. In addition these wetlands
are sources of varieties of plant species used for artefacts and serve as carbon
sequestration like papyrus.
The management of these wetlands is very poor and unsustainably exploited and
endangered by illegal encroachement, free grazing and agricultural expansion.
Significant wetland area in shesher and welela wetlends around Lake Tana losses are
34
observed in less than a decade. This was because of irrigation and recession
agriculture expansion, and absence legal frame works that direct the conservation and
sustainable utilization these biodiversity enriched environmental endowed resources.
Wetlands are not waste lands rather they are wealth lands, if we properly manage and
use them. Nowadays wetlands are getting attention for their eminent ecological, socio-
cultural & economic importance. Their importance is significantly recognized by rural
communities as sources of, among others, food, water & pastures & as last resorts for
survival during dry seasons & drought times. It is also vital to underscore that besides
their local & national importance, the wetlands of Ethiopia including the Abbay Basin
wetlands have global relevance, among others, in their biodiversity hotspots,
nesting/stopover/breeding sites for migratory birds & climate change mitigation &
adaptation.
In spite of the above, the wetlands of the Abbay Basin have not yet received the
attention they ought to get. One of the basic reasons for this situation is that issues of
wetlands have not been well mainstreamed or treated separately in the contents of
national policies & other pertinent documents. But they are briefly or implicitly
addressed within policy contents of sustainable development, conservation and wise
use of natural resources. As a result, implementations of such policies have barely dealt
with problems of wetlands in Ethiopia.
Thus the commitment of decision makers to introduce wetland law and put in place a
workable institutional arrangement is critical. Local communities are the immediate
beneficiaries of wetlands and are also first level victims of wetland loss. The
participation of local communities in wetland management is of paramount importance.
Community based organizations need to be strengthened by developing laws in order to
regulate wetland abuse, enhance wise use and lead in planned manner. Developing
and implementing management plans through active participation of the communities in
a way that addresses their vision and objectives is also basic to materialize wise use of
wetlands at community level.
35
5.2 Recommendations
This crude assessment of wetlands in ths Basin has indicated that the absence
of clear and exact data that indicate the location, area coverage and types of
wetlands that the Basin exactly endowed from nature and human made activities.
Hence, detailed inventory of wetlands has to be performed to know and conserve
it.
At the national and regional level there is wetland conservation and management
policy and legal frameworks. In spite of this fact the Authority has to push and
coordinate the relevant organization to formulate the desired legislations.
There was an ambiguity about the definition of wetlands among the experts and
decision makers encountered during the assessment. The relevant organization
has to set definition for the wetlands that the country accepts and aware the
professionals and decision makers at all levels through possible communication
and information dissemination networks.
Awareness creation workshops and brochures has to be made at the community
level wherever the wetland exist in order to avoid the deliberate destruction of
wetlands.
Ecotourism and carbon trading has to be developed in the sub basins that
centered wetlands in order to facilitate the conservation of wetlands and
decrease the threats.
Some wetlands can lose their vigour at an alarming rate due to unwise
management. The problem needs integrated problem solving approach through
realizing the collaboration of relevant stakeholders from policy level down to
grassroots community. Decision makers, communities, private sectors and all
others who have stake in wetlands.
Decision makers at Woreda level have significant role in ensuring wise use of
wetlands in their jurisdiction. Through coordinating Woreda level stakeholders
and assisting kebele administration they can halt wetland degradation and
improve its situation.
36
Decision makers at higher levels are required to strengthen sustainable wetland
management efforts through effecting legislation, improving institutional
arrangements and supporting capacity building initiatives.
It is appropriate to assess the significance of wetlands and their environs for
national development, and also the consequences of wetland degradation.
Perform participatory watershed management practices at the upper catchment
of wetlnads that will help them self protection from recession agriculture.
Devise self reliance programs for the communities settle around threatened
wetlands inorder to cover the food shortages occur after post harvesting
seasons since wetlands are ecroached by farmers for the purpose of producing
food crops that will transit them to the main harvesting season.
Differentiate wetlands that will serve for agriculture, eco-tourism purposes and
ecological functions.
Alternative energy sources had better be accessable to minimise the pressures
exerted on forests for the purpose of cooking.
37
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Siraj Bekele (2004). Wetlands of Oromiya, Their conservation and contribution to food
security and poverty reduction. Proceedings of the “National Consultative
workshop on the Ramsar Convention and Ethiopia”, March 18-19, 2004. Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
Wood, A.P., (2000) Policy issues on sustainable wetland management. (Report for
Objective 6.) EWRP and the University of Huddersfield, Metu and Huddersfield.
Wood, A P, Afework Hailu, Abbot, P G & Dixon, A B (2002) Sustainable management of
wetlands in Ethiopia: local knowledge versus government policy. In Gawler, M
(ed) Strategies for wise use of wetlands: Best practices in participatory
management, Proceedings of a Workshop held at the 2nd International
Conference on Wetlands and Development, November 1998, Dakar, Senegal.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, p 81-88.
Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, (2002). A Strategic plan for
development, conservation and management of the woody biomass resources
in Ethiopian Regions. Unpublished document, Final Draft June 2002.
Zerihun Desta (2003). Challenges and opportunities of Ethiopian wetlands: the case of
Lake Awassa and its feeders. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and
status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN Wetlands and Water Resources
Programme.
40
AMU (Arba Minch University, Ethiopia). 2009. Inventory of water storage types, their
distribution and characteristics in the Abbay river basin. Unpublished report
prepared for IWMI. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Gebregziabher, G. 2010. Situation analysis of agricultural water management (AWM)
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prepared for International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa.
Mwendera, E.J.; Mohamed Saleem, M.A.; Dibabe, A. 1997. The effect of livestock
grazing on surface runoff and soil erosion from sloping pasture lands in the
Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37: 421-
430.
Wood, A. 2001. The role and importance of wetlands in Ethiopia. Policy Briefing Note.
University of Huddersfield, UK: Ethiopian Wetlands Research Programme;
Ethiopia: Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association.
Burnside & Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water
Resources - ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP,
MoWR.
Francis, I.S. & Shimelis Aynalem. 2007. Bird Surveys around Bahir Dar-Lake Tana IBA,
Ethiopia. RSPB /AAU. 93pp
41
Annexes
Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority
Questionnaire for Data Collection on Wetlands Assessment to be
filled by Relevant Bureau of Environmental Protection and Bureau of
Agriculture.
Definition of wetlands: areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or
artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or
salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six
meters”.
1. Name of Zone ------------------------------------------------------Office--------------------------
------------------------Tele------------------------------------
2. Area of wetlands found in hectare (ha)---------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Wetland services to the surrounding community--------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The No of households served by the wetlands-----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The types of Bird species and plant species found within the wetland-----------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Does wetland area increase or decrease within the past decade?--------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
7. If the area of the wetlands decreased mention the impact reasons--------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------
8. Ownership of the wetland: a/ private b/ Communal c/ State
9. Area of protected wetland-------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
10. State if there is (are) community bylaw (s) to conserve and sustainably utilize
wetlands------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
11. The type of wetland services ---------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. If the wetlands serve for irrigation the no of beneficiaries---------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
13. What are the impacts that threaten the wetlands?------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
14. Water sources of wetlands a/ lake b/ river c/ rain d/ Stream e/ Flood
15. Duration of wetland a/ 1-2 months b/ up to 6 months c/ rainy season only d/ 12
months
16. How was the past wetland management system--------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43
17. State the plans set to use the wetlands sustainably----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. Forward your strategic plans/ideas to conserve and sustainably use wetlands-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of wetlands Found in the Zone
S.No Name of Wetlands Area (ha) Woreda Kebele Got Location 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Annex II. Bird Species
List of observed /identified/ bird species around the four sub basin during the
assessment period
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Wattled ibis Bostrychi carunculata
2 Sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus
3 Hadada ibis Bistrychia hagedash
4 Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus
5 Rouget’s rail Abyssinian rail
6 Crowned crane Balearica regulorum
7 Eurasian crane -
8 Egyptian crane Alopocheen aegyptiaca
9 Spur winged goose Plectroplerus gambensis
10 Little egret Egretta garzetta
11 Great white egret Egretta alba
12 Pygmy goose Nettapus auritus
13 Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis
14 Grey heron Ardea cinerea
15 Open billed stork Anastombus lamelligerus
16 Spoon billed stork -
17 Black headed plover Vanellus armatus
18 Duwarf bettern Ardeirallus sturmii
19 African Jacana Actophilornis africanus
20 Greater flamingo Phoenicoperus ruber
21 Marabu stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus
22 Saddle ebill stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
23 White pelican Peliecanus onorotalus
24 Spotted stone curlew Burhinus capensis
25 Black headed heron Ardea melanocephala
26 Cattle egret Ardeola ibis
46
27 Wooly necked stork Ciconia episcopus
28 Carmine bee eater Meops pusillus
29 Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa
30 Goliath heron Ardea goliath
31 African fish eagle Haliacetus vocifer
32 Olive pigeon Columba delegorguei
33 Supr winged plover Vanellus spinosus
34 Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula
35 Yellow billed stork Egretta intermedia
36 Black kite Milvus migrants
37 Pink backed pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus
Annex III. Plant Species
No Amharic Name Scientific Name
1 ዝግባ Podocarpus falcatus
2 ዋንዛ Cordia africana
3 ብሳና Croton mycrostachyus
4 ሠሣ Albizia gummifera
5 አርቦጅ Sapium ellipiticum
6 ዶቅማ Sizygium guineese
7 እሸ Mimsops kummel
8 ችብሃ Ficus thonningii
9 ዋርካ Ficus vasta
10 ባምባ Ficus sycomorus
11 ዝግጣ Calpumiaaurea
12 አዛምር Bersama abuyssinica
13 ደንጎሪታ Solanum gigantum
47
14 ሳስፓንያ Sasbania sasban
15 ቀይ ባህርዛፍ Euclyptus comaldulesis
16 ግመሮ Capparis tomentosa
17 ኩሸሽላ Acanthus eminens
18 ሰኔል/ዘንባባ/ Phoenix reclenata
19 አካያ Salix subserrata
20 ቀፍ Ficus ovata
21 ዛና/ዋሽታ/ Stereospermum kunthianum
22 ልምብጭ Clausena anisata
23 ብርብራ Millettia ferruginea
24 ቃሞ Rhus vulgaris
25 አምቢልታ Enthanda abyssinca
26 ጨጮ Nuxia congesta
27 ቃዋት Ceftis africana
28 ወይራ Olea africana
29 ጥቁር እንጨት Prunus africana
30 እፀጰጦስ Dracaena steudneri
31 እንዶድ Phytolacca dodecandra
32 ቀንጠርፋ Pterolobium steliatum
33 ቁልቋል Euphorbia candelabrum
34 የአበሻ ጽድ Juniperus procera
35 ቀጋ Rosa abyssinica
36 ሇንቋጣ Grewia ferruginea
37 ስፓቶዲያ Spathodea nilotica
38 ስሚዛ/ሰንሰል/ Justicia schimperiana
39 ሰርክ አበባ Cassia didymobotrya
40 ግማርዳ Acacia polycantha
41 አበትሬ/ቁርቁራ/ Zizyphus mucronata
48
42 ነጭ ግራር/ዋጮ/ Acacia seyal
43 አልቢዳ ግራር Acacia albida
44 ጎርጎሮ/አዳር/ Dichrostachys sinera
45 አባሎ Combretum molle
46 ጋምቢሎ Gardenia volkensii
47 ክትክታ Dodonea viscosa
48 አጋም Carissa edulis
49 ቋራ/ኮርች/ Erythrina abyssinica
50 ወንበላ Premnatoma laxiflora
51 ደደሆ Euclea racemosa
52 ጠንበሇል Jasminum abyssinicum
53 ዳብዲ/የቆላ ዋንዛ/ Pilosfigma thonningii
54 ዉልክፍ Dombeya quinqueseta
55 ሸምበቆ Arundo donax
56 ወንዝ አድምቅ Salix mucronata
57 የነብር ጥፍር Bridelia micrantha
58 ግራዋ Vernonia amygdalina
59 ጉሎ Ricinus communis
60 ሰሇቸን Diospyros abyssinica
61 ቅንጭብ Euphorbia tirucalli
62 በሇስ Ficus carica
63 የተሇያዩ የሳር ዝርያዎች Different kinds of grass species
64 ደንገል/papyrus/ -
49
Annex IV. Wild Animals
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Hippopotamus Alcelaphus boselaphus
2 African porcupine Hystrix spp
3 African civet cat Civettitis civetta
4 Bush ping Potamochoerus porcus
5 Common bush back Tragelaphus scriptus
6 Anubis baboon Papio anubis
7 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops
8 Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia
9 Hyena Hyaena spp
10 Advark Orycteropus afer
11 Honey budger Procavia capensis
12 Leopard Panthera paradus
13 Common fox Canis auxeus
14 Warthong Phacochoerus poreus
15 Swamp rat Otomys typus (family name)
16 Bush squirrel Palliantus sp
Annex V. Reptiles
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Alligator (different spp) -
2 Monitor lizard Varanus spp
3 Snakes (different spp) -
Annex VI. Fishes
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
2 Cat fish Clarias gariepinus
3 Barbs Barbus tanopelagius
50
Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
1 Wolela 215 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fuafuate
2 Dega 300 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Abderie
3 Diba 95 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fogerbet
4 Fogeriebet 20 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu
5 Burie 19 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu
6 Shosher 349 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega
7
Medemekija,Aferbela
y,Shehiwonz
452.42 D/Gondar Fogera Menguzer
8
513 D/Gondar Fogera K/michael Tankua,Saku
rta,Mosko
9
Lede wuha, genet
wonz,chirama
409.5 D/Gondar Fogera Bebekis Grargie
Abder
Total
area
Fogera Wereda 2372.92
D/Gondar
Fogera
1 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Daga
2 Godguadit 30 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Baad
3 Gigna 10 D/Gondar Libokemkem Kabe Wajo
4
Kulinta 12 D/Gondar
Libokemkem
Gib Wajo(B/Men
di)
5
Girmo Ewaka 40 D/Gondar
Libokemkem
Gib Lamgie(Kabe
)
6 Kedokmaw esk Abay 45 D/Gondar Libokemkem Agid Fota
7
Girmo Ewaka 20 D/Gondar
Libokemkem
Agid Lamgie(Agid
)
8 177 D/Gondar Libokemkem
9 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem
TotalA
rea Libo kemkem Wereda 374
D/Gondar
Libokemkem
1 Zuma 5.75 Awi Dangila Wunbri
51
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
2 Arb Minch 7.5 Awi Dangila Ligaba
3
Dasheshe/Worke
Mesk
77.085 Awi
Dangila
Gait
4
Gulet Mesk 47.775 Awi
Dangila
G/Abshik
an
Gult
5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Dangila A/Agaga Gult
6 Kilti Mesk 13.015 Awi Dangila Girargie Girargie
7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Dangila Bacha Biraita
8 Dingel Mesk 1 32 Awi Dangila Gisa AiteWuha
9
Dingel Mesk 2 4 Awi
Dangila
De/Sengu
ry
Sengurie
10
Birakat Mesk 9.4 Awi
Dangila
Ka/Seham
bre
G/Medhanial
em
11
Warki Mesk 3 Awi
Dangila
Ka/Seham
bre
Birakat
12 AmboMesk 1 Awi Dangila Afesa MehalSelbet
Total
area
Dangila Wereda 247.525
Awi
1
Engury 20 Awi
Banja
Basa
Enguana
Enguana
2 Gushery 5.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena
3 KilagTegushery 3.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena
4
Godegodo 1.5 Awi
Banja
Bata
Emby
Amby
5
Walki 0.25 Awi
Banja
Arsa
Gimbaha
Gimbha
6 Demelash 0.1875 Awi Banja
7 Teshitamegn 2.25 Awi Banja Arsa
8
Zurzur 5.5 Awi
Banja
Sankit
Lideta
Lideta
9 Niwayte 5.5 Awi Banja Bida Bida
10 Dirny 20 Awi Banja Sankit Lideta
52
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
Lideta
11 Girayta 10 Awi Banja Ganguta Janguta
12
Aymerga 2 Awi
Banja
Gurge
Gumerta
Gurja
13
Kambusu 4 Awi
Banja
Gurge
Gumerta
Gurja
14 Workie 2.5 Awi Banja Zufary DibreWajira
15
Chemi 18 Awi
Banja
Akayta
Gashina
16
Dreni 16 Awi
Banja
Gashina
Akayta
17
Bertena 0.5 Awi
Banja
Askuna
Abo
18
Bertina 0.75 Awi
Banja
Askuna
Abo
19
Kesesheha 0.875 Awi
Banja
Chewusa
Kasa
20 Warki 18 Awi Banja Mesela
21
Walkay 19 Awi
Banja
Chabana
Gisa
22
12 Awi
Banja
Kuachkua
ch
23 Durisa Sheha 17 Awi Banja Da/Ki Samuel
24 Nushyewole 4 Awi Banja Da/Ki Absla
25
Zer rare 66.75 Awi
Banja
Meselach
ayty
D/Genet
Total
Area
Banja Wereda 255.562
5
Awi
1
Gich 1.5 Awi
Guagusa
Absela
Warda
Samuel
2 Army 0.75 Awi Guagusa ,, Absela
3 Chary Arnasta 0.75 Awi Guagusa Chaba D/Genete
53
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
Zinbry
4
Asindabo 1 Awi
Guagusa
Chaba
Zinbry
Zinre
5
Shema 3 Awi
Guagusa
Zigra &
Its
surroundi
ng
Mareta
6 Muachua 0.5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,
7 Kiteb 1 Awi Guagusa ,, Zagra
8 Galiye 5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,
9
Guashita 4 Awi
Guagusa
Askuna
Agiza
Gidema
10
Aguta 2.5 Awi
Guagusa
Wonjila
Aguta
Aguta
11
Konchayta 2 Awi
Guagusa
Jiba/Am/
wahis
Jibayta
12 Lashishta 2.5 Awi Guagusa ,, Wahisa
13
Shalign 4 Awi
Guagusa
Ashifa
Bahiry
Direwa
A/Alem
14 Awerta 3 Awi Guagusa ,, Deriwa
15 Girgista 4 Awi Guagusa ,, Ashifa
16 Asindabo 6 Awi Guagusa Tilili 01 1
17
Dadakiy 6 Awi
Guagusa
Askuna
Agza
Gidema
18 Achigy 2 Awi Guagusa Baguna Achigy
19 Wodeb 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna ,,
Total
Area
Guagusa Wereda 53.5
Awi
Guagusa
1 Kitam 3 Awi Guangua Tirigi T/Selasie
2 Workie 1.25 Awi Guangua Waykela A/Ghiorgis
3 Ambeyesta 0.5 Awi Guangua Waykela Abetema
54
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
Abo
4 Aba Seyoum 1 Awi Guangua Yimali Y/Maryam
5 Nabre 17 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
6 guhini 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
7 Yewesen Bida 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
Total
Area
Guangua Wereda 28.75
Awi
Guangua
1 Zenzenina Kebtele ? Awi Jawi Kebtele kebtele
2
webochrguanchina
burabur ? Awi
Jawi webo webo
3
Yjahimala regregama
bota ? Awi
Jawi jeha jeha
4 Dil Zegi ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha
Total
Area
Jawi Wereda
?? Awi
Jawi
1 Arbaminch 3 Awi Fagitalekoma Ligaba
2 DashesheWorke Mesk 26.485 Awi Fagitalekoma Gayita
3 Zuma 2 Awi Fagitalekoma Wunbri
4
Gulit Mesk
47.775 Awi
Fagitalekoma
Gu/Abshi
kan Gulit
5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Fagitalekoma Agaga Gulit
6 kiliti mesk 13.015 Awi Fagitalekoma Girarghe Girargie
7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Fagitalekoma Bacha Brayita
8 Dengemesk No.1 32 Awi Fagitalekoma Gisa
9 Dengemesk No.2 4 Awi Fagitalekoma Diseguri Siguri
10
Birakat Mesk
9.4 Awi
Fagitalekoma
Ka/Seham
bre
G/medihanea
lem
11 Warki Mesk 3 Awi Fagitalekoma
Total
Area
Fagta Lakoma Wereda
187.675 Awi
Fagitalekoma
1 lemba bahir Shesh 299.473 S/Gonder Gonder lemba lemba
55
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
zuriya Arbaetu
2
Mitriha
321.456 S/Gonder
Gonder
zuriya
Mtiririha
Abewarik
a
3
Firiqua dengure
450 S/Gonder
Gonder
zuriya
firiqua
dengure firiqua
4
Sheha Gomen
200 S/Gonder
Gonder
zuriya
Sheha
Gomen Bulkaba
Total
Area
Gonder Zuria Wereda 1270.92
9 S/Gonder
Gonder
zuriya
1 Amba mesk 221 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Amba mesk
2 Mehalge 152 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Mehalge
3 Kibrail 102 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Kibrail
4 Seraba/Teter 337.5 S/Gonder Dembia Seraba dabilo
5 Fenja Kebele 65 S/Gonder Dembia Fenja Barcha
6
Regregama
165 S/Gonder Dembia Achera
Abalayina
ategicha,qaha.dej
wegen
7
Yetana regreg
280 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya
Abalayina
ategicha,qaha.dej
wegen
8
Keretit Amiga,
Biwekitu wuha 150 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya
Keretit, Jara
Total
Area
Dembia Wereda
1472.5 S/Gonder Dembia
1
Mariamwuha,
sebasaba, gizatoka 55 S/Gonder
Takusa Mekonte
Aykaga
Mariamwuha,
sebasaba,
gizatoka
2
Asrate and Ambaza
Mektekecha 75 S/Gonder
Takusa Chemera Asrate and
Ambaza
Mektekecha
3 Chegera and 50 S/Gonder Takusa Chanke Chegera and
56
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
Bebantos Beban Bebantos
4
Mich, Lenkuatit,
Gedema,weyira 60 S/Gonder
Takusa Achera Mich, Lenkuatit,
Gedema,weyira
5 Alewa,Sahel. Chach 110 S/Gonder
Takusa Chach
Alewa
Sahel,Alewa,Tok
a
6
Meruh,
Fantikura,Tibaga 40 S/Gonder
Takusa
Dekul Arba
Meruh,
Fantikura,Tibaga
7 Demek and Abo 8 S/Gonder
Takusa Arama
Liderkun Demek,Abo
8 Kima 1 S/Gonder Takusa sibisraqo Kima
Total
Area Takusa Wereda 399 S/Gonder
Takusa
2 Gudera 202.95 W/Gojjam Sekela
3 wegelna gicha mento 590 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Robit
4 chero, liblibo,Zalamit 482 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya wenjela
5 Abuach 719.5 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Seblet
6 Amilko mesk 836 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Lijimi
7 Ambo Meske 275.125 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Debrenta
8 GrargoT, Zeleka 109 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Deq
9 Lata Ambo 80 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Lata Ambo
10 Gena Mesent 138 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Gena Mesent
11 Liboli 61.75 W/Gojjam
B/Dar
Zuriya Liboli
12 Lol 200 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Abasita
57
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
13 Weyra ber 5 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Fenti
14 Qurit Bahir 2 W/Gojjam
Mecha Enashenifale
n Leyo
15 Asabila 8 W/Gojjam Mecha Avola/Gesher
16 Biraqat 4 W/Gojjam
Mecha Edigetbehibir
et Birakat
17 Wesagnmesk 223 W/Gojjam Mecha ch/Genet Bulad
18
Qurit
Bahir,Bojed,Danbirar,
Monzir 81.5 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Qurit bahir Leqa,Angot,Gulit
19
Tined Wacho,
Achamote 13 W/Gojjam
Mecha
kudime wegel Agiz
20 Beke 4 W/Gojjam Mecha Kudime Bake
21 Anded,Kuses 1.75 W/Gojjam Mecha Enguti Werebti,Amarat
22
Yimaderi,Boli,Eleshia,
Haro 26 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Enamirit
Merymender,Lal
o,Haro
23 Kimalo 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha Bachima Abokabok
24
Biraqat,
Chikamewucha,kuna 4.6 W/Gojjam
Mecha
A/awuta
Efesa,Weleqa,A
wuTa,Elshia
25
Gudvale,Tiriki,bashent
a 3 W/Gojjam
Mecha
A/Aniba Jibjib,Gocha
26 Dedebit 2 W/Gojjam
Mecha
A/Aniba
Chencha
mender
27
Baguri, Dengel,
Dengiamender,bamina
, Cheba mender 170.75 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Amarit
Cheba
Mender
28 Quaranti 2 W/Gojjam
Mecha Dagi
Abyot Quarante
29 welebi 3 W/Gojjam
Mecha Dagi
Abyot Welebi
30
qusquam,qorem,lendi,
abegelo 18 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Rim
Cheba,
Qusquam,
58
S/No Wetland Name
Area(h
a) Zone
Woreda
Kebele
Gote
lendi,Abagol
a
31 Markudi 1 W/Gojjam Mecha Rim Chebamender
32 D266 1.5 W/Gojjam Mecha Fanahiwet
33 Biraqat 2.5 W/Gojjam
Mecha
B/Chora
Leweshana,
qondela
34
Barkua,tomi,Chereche
r,Kemenash 13.75 W/Gojjam
Mecha lhulusela
m
wama,D/men
der,Tomita
35 Baymeda 20 W/Gojjam Mecha Z/ Birhan Barmeda
36 weremet 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weremet
37 Welomesk,Atengeria 20 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weletatiwele
38 Qortema,Ketemit 0.75 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Biraqat
weqiri,Gidol
may
39 Gebre minich 0.125 W/Gojjam Mecha biraqat Tach Gadi
40 Goter,Sefeni 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha F/Birhan Biti,jibasra
41
Minchiras,genbo,gelo,
Shenkor 3.5 W/Gojjam
Mecha
Z/Hiwet
barkua,
fata,gelo,Che
fe
42 tach Libu 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha mekeni tachlibu
43
minchras,
Ysewmesk,gebremesk 7 W/Gojjam
Mecha
tagel
mebeshi,aser
eta,gebremes
k
44 Cheqecheq 150 W/Gojjam Mecha addislidet addisgeb
45 shinkurit 2 W/Gojjam
Mecha ambomes
k Debretsehay
46 Alomeda 1 W/Gojjam
Mecha ambomes
k Kuaja abo
47 Ander 3 W/Gojjam
Mecha ambomes
k
Kuajaghiorgi
s
Total
area Mecha Wereda
1003.22
5 W/Gojjam
Mecha
59
Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
1 Nefagn 8
East
Gojjam Machakel Gobata Akina Nefagn
2 Yedefas 10
East
Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Yedefas
3 Ayidem 8
East
Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Kul Debel
4 Gedesm 35
East
Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Yekebabit
5 Kuldebel 58
East
Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Weyi Beyign
6 Qilabo 22
East
Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Minch
7 Ketem 30
East
Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Kuashiba
8 bediltin 4
East
Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Zigma
9 Berenzima 20
East
Gojjam Machakel 6 Werqima Berenzima
10 Yeqest 40
East
Gojjam Machakel Mingu Yeqest
11 Yexiyat 80
East
Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Yexiyat
12 Muyibebyi 120
East
Gojjam Machakel
Abebna
Yewla Tinbirbra
13 Yegagas 80
East
Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yegagas
14 Yewus 236
East
Gojjam Machakel Yewla
Yewlana
Yewebit
15 Dijil 120 East Machakel Qeqer Dijil
60
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam
16 Mehal Amba 150
East
Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Mehal Amba
17 Yewebesh 60
East
Gojjam Machakel Amari Yewelesh
18 Belemin 60
East
Gojjam Machakel Belemin Belemin
19 Regreg ?
East
Gojjam Machakel yewla Regreg
20 Yedefes Regreg 10
East
Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yedefas
21 Ayidem Regreg 6
East
Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Ayidem
22 Yeduhan Regreg 8
East
Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yeduhan
23 Meteqa Regreg ?
East
Gojjam Machakel
Amari
yewbish Meteqan
24 Temamagn Regreg 2 ?
East
Gojjam Machakel Temamagn Temamagn
25 Gedelem Regregam 2 ?
East
Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Gedelem
Total
area Mechakal Wereda 1165
East
Gojjam Machakel
1 ? 1
East
Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Tiwur
2 ? 4
East
Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Jebun
3 ? 188.8
East
Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Hamusin
4 ? 60
East
Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Teshet Mesk
5 ? ? East D/Elias Yemizegn Teshet Mesk
61
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam
6 ? ?
East
Gojjam D/Elias Yedenbesh Teshet Mesk
Total
area D/Elias Wereda 253.8
East
Gojjam D/Elias
1 Gedam Ganu 0.25
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Addis Zemen Addis Zemen
2 Boda 0.02
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Hizibe Selam Boda
3 Dewel 0.125
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese
Webqen
Charit Dewel
4 Debeb 0.5
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Godir Meda Debeb
5 Ambo Mesk 0.5
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk
6 Sholaw 0.025
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk
7 Lakech Wenz 1
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Buha Geltima Laqech Wenz
8 ZufanGot 0.5
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Abyotu selam Zufan Got
9 Tedima 2 0.25
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Agere Birhan Tedima
10 Bere Ayitegash 0.25
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese beza Bizuhan
bere
Ayitegash
11 Matel 0.25
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese De/Selam Matel
12 Gult Mesk 0.5
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese A/Mariam Gult Mesk
13 Ahiya Ejoch 1
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese
Shege
Qeraniyo Ahiya Ejoch
14 Gibtsawit 0.25 East Hulet Eju Hiwote Selam Gibtsawit
62
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam Enese
15 Girggria 0.025
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese Selam Abebe Girgrit
Total
area
Hulet Eju Enese
Wereda 5.445
East
Gojjam
Hulet Eju
Enese
1 Gulit Regregama bota ?
East
Gojjam
Shebel
Berenta Gedayasu Gubit
2 Zeqort ?
East
Gojjam
Shebel
Berenta Gedayasu Zeqort
3 Chergaga ?
East
Gojjam
Shebel
Berenta Yeju Bayile Chergaga
4 Gonji ?
East
Gojjam
Shebel
Berenta Yeju Bayile Gonji
Total
area
Shebel Berenta
Wereda ???
East
Gojjam
Shebel
Berenta
1
Dasen;Shola;De/Moq
moqa ?
East
Gojjam Enemay Qeshemish ?
2 Ziya 0.25
East
Gojjam Enemay Dima ?
3 Goma ?
East
Gojjam Enemay Ediget band ?
4 Yenischa Gubis 10
East
Gojjam Enemay Gotera ?
5 Gonga 0.12
East
Gojjam Enemay B/Debr ?
6 Anba Minch 0.0125
East
Gojjam Enemay
5 Beand
Densa ?
Total
area Enemay Wereda
10.382
5
East
Gojjam Enemay
1 Demol 1
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 3 ?
63
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
2 ? 2
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 5 ?
3 ? 2
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 8 ?
4 Ende Gon 2
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 13 ?
5 Fofo 3
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 18 ?
6 Tiwa;Qola;Qetema 3
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 20 ?
7 Tsimot 6
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 28 ?
8 Meqiten Gossa 1
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso 32 ?
Total
area Goncha Liso Wereda 20
East
Gojjam Goncha Liso
1 Debre Medihanit 3.72
East
Gojjam Bibugn De/Medihanit ?
2 Digo qonta 0.5
East
Gojjam Bibugn Digoquanta ?
3 Bibugn G/Mariam 0.25
East
Gojjam Bibugn
Bibugn
G/Mariam ?
4 Fiqetor Wadewon 0.25
East
Gojjam Bibugn
Fiqe Tor
waden ?
5 Arusi 0.75
East
Gojjam Bibugn Arusi ?
6 Gena Memcha 0.5
East
Gojjam Bibugn
Gena
Memcha ?
7 Debrezeit Quchit 0.5
East
Gojjam Bibugn D/Zeit Quchit ?
8 Ded 0.5
East
Gojjam Bibugn Ded ?
64
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
9 Amaba Amarsa 0.25
East
Gojjam Bibugn
Amba
Amarsa ?
10 Debre Tsion 0.25
East
Gojjam Bibugn Debre Tsion ?
Total
area Bibugn Wereda 7.47
East
Gojjam Bibugn
1 Gurgor 2.5
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba ?
2 Kure 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba Minch
3 Qetefetam 0.5
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem Qetefetam
4 Kure 0.1
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem ?
5 Zeles 0.25
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Zeles
6 Yebuna 0.25
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Yebuna
7 Birbir 0.065
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?
8 Yemekel 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?
9 Wentu 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
10 Jibat 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
11 Godebye 0.25
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
12 Aletin 0.5
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
13 Haro Debay 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
65
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
14 Aba Muye 0.1
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
15 Debon 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
16 Mankelkay Jung 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
17 Jareyim 0.5
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
18 Addis Amba 2
East
Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom Addis amba
19 Goto 0.5
East
Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?
20 Bered Wass 1
East
Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?
21 Gundilmit 0.75
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Gundil Met ?
22 Dejat 0.25
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Dejat Dejat
23 Yenischa Gubis 0.125
East
Gojjam Baso Liben
Yenischa
Gubis Gidib Amba
24 Lechim Mar 3
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Lechim Mar ?
25 Yechebera 0.025
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Del Yechebera
26 Qomi Regreg 3.15
East
Gojjam Baso Liben Degel ?
Total
area Baso Liben Wereda 16.69
East
Gojjam Baso Liben
1 Teterma 0.75
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
2 Densaw 1.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Emarit
66
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
3 Ziqre 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
4 Shuka 8.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
5 Shemu 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Giraram Giraram
6 Damot 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin
May
Angetam Yeweyan
7 Argedif 0.2
East
Gojjam Gozamin
May
Angetam የ ወያ ን
8 Yebo 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin
May
Angetam የ ወያ ን
9 Yeberdin 1.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin
May
Angetam የ ወያ ን
10 Manchire 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Addis and
Gulit Lay Addis
11 Aluta 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Addis and
Gulit Lay Addis
12 Kulech 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Addis and
Gulit Lay Addis
13 Sentera 3
East
Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Sen Tera
14 Dibago 3.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Dibago
15 Jema 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Jima
16 Set wuha 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Set wuha
17 Agafari 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Agafari
18 Yemesge 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yeboqila Yemesge
67
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
19 Delenta 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yenebrna Delenta
20 yebuna 0.125
East
Gojjam Gozamin Balarf yebuna
21 A/Amba 0.125
East
Gojjam Gozamin Balarf A/Amba
22 Chiwuqo 0.0625
East
Gojjam Gozamin Balarf Chiwuqo
23 Denderam 0.75
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Weyinma
Gerim Denderam
24 Lomi Matebiya 1
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Weyinma
Gerim
Lomi
Matebiya
25 Yebrna 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Weyinma
Gerim Yebrna
26 Leqleqit 1.75
East
Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit Leqleqit
27 Arjina 4
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Arjina
28 Demashish 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Demashish
29 Yebo Megod 3
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Yebo Megod
30 Geyima 6
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima
31 Wendiro 0.75
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wendiro
32 Bahr Dar 12
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd Aset
33 Enerta 1473
East
Gojjam Gozamin Enerta
34 Yegagna 603
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yegagna
68
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
35 Wenqa 604
East
Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa
36 Yetijan 532
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yetijan
37 A/Guleta 1510
East
Gojjam Gozamin A/Guleta
38 Weyinma Geram 600
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Weyinma
Geram
39 Wudar 600
East
Gojjam Gozamin Wudar
40 Asab Abo 1254
East
Gojjam Gozamin Asab Abo
41 Leqleqit 208
East
Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit
42 Chertekel 2000
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel
43 May Angetam 442
East
Gojjam Gozamin
May
Angetam
44 Deledel 220
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deledel
45 Libanos 262
East
Gojjam Gozamin Libanos
46 Balezaf 451
East
Gojjam Gozamin Balezaf
47 Demba 19
East
Gojjam Gozamin Demba
48 Chimt 60
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chimt
49 Yebo 160
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yebo
50 Qebi 161
East
Gojjam Gozamin Qebi
69
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
51 Deba Enese 7
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deba Enese
52 Chimberd 1810
East
Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd
53 Yenebir 390
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yenebir
54 Giraram 315
East
Gojjam Gozamin Giraram
55 Yebokla 530
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yebokla
56 Qegn Abo 175
East
Gojjam Gozamin Qegn Abo
57 Gedemala 152
East
Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala
58 Chiwuye 1.7
East
Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Chiwuye
59 Gult ?
East
Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Gult
60 Yebul ?
East
Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Yebuna
61 Addis ?
East
Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Addis
62 Wenfitma 35
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wenfitma
63 Geyima 15
East
Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima
64 Dilenta 0.25
East
Gojjam Gozamin Yenebirna Dilenta
65 Enerata
East
Gojjam Gozamin Enerta
Wetrn
Chemba
66 Addis and Gulit 0.5
East
Gojjam Gozamin Addis Gulit Addis
70
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
67 Dendelem ?
East
Gojjam Gozamin
Weyinma
Gerim Dendelem
Total
area Gozamin Wereda
14644.
46
East
Gojjam Gozamin
1 Gudera 80
West
Gojjam Jabitehnan
S.No
Wetland Name Area
(ha)
Zone Wered
a
Kebele Gote
1
Tsimiki 4 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Wonjela
Aguta
Aguta
2
Tsarka 0.03 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Wonjela
Aguta
Aguta
3
Kali Gurari 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Wonjela
Aguta
Wonjela
4
Wuslosa 0.25 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Wonjela
Aguta
Wonjela
5
Bawi 0.03 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Wonjela
Aguta
Aguta
6
Mayta 0.125 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Absela
Warda
Absela
7
Bekimayta 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Absela
Warda
Absela
8
Keteb 2 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Zagra& its
surrounding
Zagra
9
Engista/Awranta 4 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Zagra& its
surrounding
Zagra
10
Endandi 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Ashifa Ashifa
11
Mendebay 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Ashifa Ashifa
12 Shalegna 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem
71
S.No
Wetland Name Area
(ha)
Zone Wered
a
Kebele Gote
Shikudad
13
Lako 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Ashifa Addis Alem
14
Belewendy 2 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Zagra& its
surrounding
Shima
15
Armi 5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Chaba
Zimbre
Zimsry
16
Chary Afnasta 1 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Chaba
Zimbre
Debre
Genet
17
Achogy 4 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Baguna Tach
Baguna
18
Dankur 0.25 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Adega
Guashta
Marita
19
Shemita 1 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Askuna
Agza
Agza
Egziabhirab
20 Asidabo 2 Awi Guagusa Shikudad Tilili
21
Karnid 1 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Askuna
Agza
Lay Menga
22
Gosher 1 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Askuna
Agza
Lay Menga
23
Gifta 0.5 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
Askuna
Agza
Egziabhirab
Total
Area
Guagusa Shikudad
Wereda
31.185 Awi Guagusa
Shikudad
1
Dinbi 0.25
Awi
Ankesha
Huletu
Chaja G/Ghiorgis
2 Belges 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Dereb
3 Alemayehu Berfeze 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Zelen
4 Setsi 2 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Bako
5 Yejert Wuha 3 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha
6 Ate wuha 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha
7 Afasha 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya
72
S.No
Wetland Name Area
(ha)
Zone Wered
a
Kebele Gote
8 Mara 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya
9 Temek 8 Awi Ankesha Buya Sehenti
10 Masra Got 20 Awi Ankesha Mesla Masra
11 Zegenta 3 Awi Ankesha Mesla Mesla
12 Armi 30 Awi Ankesha Jebele Sahusa
13 Shuma 80.75 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma
14 Chala 44 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma
15 Areme Shehata 8 Awi Ankesha Qonzena Finasech
16 Tach Dihali 28 Awi Ankesha Chaja Chaja
17 Ambo 1 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita
18 Burusha 2 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita
19 Mankuta 1.5 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Tenkusha
20 Temim 2 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja
21 Birinta 1 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja
22 Tampi Bahir 1 Awi Ankesha Ambela Ambela
23 Biliko 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
24 Dibana Tambi 2 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
25 Basita Amba 5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
26 Koda 12 Awi Ankesha Ambara Ambara
27
Bada 13
Awi
Ankesha
Chibachibas
a
Chibachiba
sa
28
Gimbil 3
Awi
Ankesha
Chibachibas
a Chara
29
Gozhgozh 2.5
Awi
Ankesha
Chibachibas
a Chara
30
Bahusti 15
Awi
Ankesha
Chibachibas
a Chara
31 Gode 25 Awi Ankesha segno Denbisi
32 Enjor 1.5 Awi Ankesha Segno Mocheger
33 Deret 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta
34 Afeshita 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta
35 Dihrits 1 Awi Ankesha Wu/Wunbri Tach
73
S.No
Wetland Name Area
(ha)
Zone Wered
a
Kebele Gote
wundigi
36 Amachena tiriba 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
37 Tach Jabela 1 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
38 Shenguch 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
39
Betena Yegenet
Waleha
1
Awi
Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
40 Amba giorgis 1.5 Awi Ankesha Kupor T/Kupor
41 Tsahab 0.5 Awi Ankesha Bekafta Bekafta
Total
Area
Ankesha Wereda 361
Awi
Ankesha
S.No
Wetland Name Area
(ha) Zone
Wered
a
Kebele Gote
1 Washengara Chebere 12 Awi Zigem Aheti Sorit
2 Mesefina Gundebele 9 Awi Zigem Aheti Filem
3 Damotiho 1 Awi Zigem Akako Sariwi
4 Bahusit 4.25 Awi Zigem Akako Arja
5 Gisayita 10 Awi Zigem Gisayita Mengeha
6 Chifiqi 3.2 Awi Zigem gohanaj Chifqi
Total
Area
Zigem Wereda 39.45
Awi
Zigem
74
Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
1 Cheleleqa
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji;Haro
2 Qetala
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Qetala
3 Chama Wenz
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji;Qetela
4 Amert
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Denbel; Godele
5 Denje
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Qetela
6 Neshe
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Sendabo
7 Fincha Wenz
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Kolobena jere
8 Qemed Wenz
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Didibe Estana
9 Chomen
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Doyo Borso
10 Ado
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Didibe Estana
11 Abuna Total
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Bone Abuna
12 Denje 15000
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Qent Chabr
13 Sheloko
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Ashaya;Dado
14 Lega Gonbo
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Guditu Jima
75
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
15 Lega Belbela
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Berbela Borgo
16 Lega Goresu
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Berbela Borgo
17 Lega Wendo
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Charo Gonbo
18 Lega Jida
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Charo Gonbo
19 Gude Gonbo
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Le/Keya
20 Lega Dechasa
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Hunde Gudina
21 Gode Didimtu
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen kelela Didimtu
22 Chogo
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Joro Sreya
Tulununu
23 Molgo 10
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Kolobo
24 Agus 36
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Kolobo
25 Homi ?
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
26 Denje 34
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
27 Qebena 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
28 Debela 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
29 Gefere 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
30 Qorcha 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
76
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
31 Rqicha 17
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
32 Solo 13
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
33 Melo 8
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Jere
34 Chama 14
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Banji Qetele
35 Shibu 8
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Banji Qetele
36 Rqicha 65
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Banji Qetele
37 Qemed Wenz 30
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Duga Arbas
38 Wenbere 15
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Duga Arbas
39 Melgo 11
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Haro
40 Cheleleqa 1.5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Haro
41 Boye 8
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Haro
42 Hama Lega 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Haro
43 Boye 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Qere
44 Boka Shum 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Qere
45 Bachu 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Genji Qere
46 Chama 21
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Homi
77
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
47 Boye 10
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Hom
48 Meti 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Denbel
49 Belechi 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Denbel
50 Lega Deqe 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Denbel
51 Chiqif 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Denbel
52 Alat 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
53 Dengoro 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
54 Chimo 0.5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
55 Beches 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
56 Fakaf 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
57 Qordana 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
58 Kombolcha 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
59 Qelbisa 9
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
60 Burchiw 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
61 Lega Anchote 6.25
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gudene
62 Lega Kuta Shimela 3
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
78
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
63 Lega Wereda 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
64 Lega Wecha 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
65 Lega Abayo 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
66 Lega Cheb 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
67 Lega Qerano 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Dino
68 Agemsa 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Chenen
69 Kebeda 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Chenen
70 Bebela 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Chenen
71 Lega Tadesse 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Chenen
72 Nale Wenz 10
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Chenen
73 Abbay Wenz 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
74 Chirgu 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
75 Wanale 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
76 Nemara 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
77 Seru 3
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
78 Qorsa 2
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
79
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
79 Neshe 26
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
80 Dengoro 7
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
Sendabo
Dengoro
81 Melke 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Bote
82 Buqe 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Bote
83 Fiqe 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Aleku
84 Gubn 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Aleku
85 Gutin 4
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Aleku
86 Ajer 1
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Aleku
87 Baso wenz 10
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Aleku
88 Yejim Wenz 5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Gutane
89 Welde 7
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Achane
90 Fafa wena 6
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen Achane
Total
Area
Abbay Chomen
Wereda
2037.2
5
Horo
Gudru
Abbay
Chomen
1 Chitu 40
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete
2 Buru;Bdidim 90
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete Lelga Gombo
3 Selen 10
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete
80
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
4 Weyila 10
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete
5 Hunde Gudina 90
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete Riqicha Sayil
6 Charo Gobena 50
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete Wendi
7 Antet;Goraso;Wend ?
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete
8 Damo Gembo 10
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete Wilno
Total
Area Jima Genete Wereda 300
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Genete
1 Sheloko 800
Horo
Gudru Horo A/Dado Sheleko
2 Chabir;Buluq 65
Horo
Gudru Horo Ada/Buluk Sekelena Buluk
3 Akuje Fincha 105
Horo
Gudru Horo Akeja Sabit Akeja Sabit
4
Chunqule;Abuna;Gu
d Boqo;Foqa 45
Horo
Gudru Horo Gudina Atna Dinbe Abuna
5 Dehaba Dosh 37
Horo
Gudru Horo Lot Ano Amara Chiko
6 Gelebo Jebesa 450
Horo
Gudru Horo Doyo Beriso Deyona Bile
7 Heche;Abuna 105
Horo
Gudru Horo Bone Abuna Bene Muleta
8 Ado;amerti 190
Horo
Gudru Horo De/Kistana
Ado;Kistana;Did
ibe
9 Goda Chabr 140
Horo
Gudru Horo Je/Chabr Chabr
10 Chunqube 30 Horo Horo Je/Chabr Chabr
81
S/no Wetland Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gudru
11 Qamadi 80
Horo
Gudru Horo Didibleq Didibe
Total
Area Horo Wereda 2047
Horo
Gudru Horo
1
Jeremet;Senbokum;
Gose ?
Horo
Gudru J/Jirete
2 Degel;Chis ?
Horo
Gudru
3 Lilo Welege ?
Horo
Gudru Umuru
4 Abuna;Didibe;Sibet ?
Horo
Gudru Horo
5 Bebela ?
Horo
Gudru
Jima
Rare
6 Jera; Gembo ?
Horo
Gudru
7 Chomen Rare ?
Horo
Gudru Gudru
82
Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin
S/no
Wetland
Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
1
Kebele 2
Mender
134 1002 Metekel Pawe
Kebele 2 Mender
134
Kebele 2 Mender
131/132/134
2
Kebele 2
Mender
28/29 1498 Metekel Pawe
Kebele 2 Mender
28/29 Kebele 2 Mender 28/29
3
Kebele 2
Mender 30 1980 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 30
Kebele 2 Mender
5/6/30
4
Kebele 2
Mender 17 1308 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 17
Kebele 2 Mender
8/9/17
5
Kebele 2
Mender
23/45 467 Metekel Pawe
Kebele 2 Mender
23/45
Kebele 2 Mender
9/10/23/45
6
Kebele 2
Mender 14 2971 Metekel Pawe Addis Zemen
Kebele 2 Mender
14/15/16
7
Kebele 2
Mender 12 574 Metekel Pawe Debre Werq Kebele 2 Mender 11/12
8
Kebele 2
Mender 24 815 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 24
Kebele 1 mender 24
Segno gebya
9
Kebele 2
Mender 21 2462 Metekel Pawe Addis beles
Kebele 2 Mender
20/21/22
10
Kebele 2
Mender 26 485 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 26 Kebele 2 Mender 26
11
Abat beles
kebele 2
Mender 1 2637 Metekel Pawe Abbat beles
Kebele 2 Mender
01/02/51
83
S/no
Wetland
Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
12
Medin
kebele 2
Mender 3 1605 Metekel Pawe Medin Kebele1 Mender 3/4
13
Mekane
Selam
Kebele 1
Mender 49 1032 Metekel Pawe Mekane Selam
Kebele1 Mender
10/11/46/49
14
Kebele 1
Mender 4 1655 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 4
Kebele1 Mender
2/3/4/5
15
Kebele 1
Mender 7 933 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 7 Kebele1 Mender 6/7
16
Kebele 1
Mender
127 171 Metekel Pawe
Kebele 1 Mender
127
Kebele1 Mender
101/127
17
Kebele 1
Mender
104 547 Metekel Pawe
Kebele 1 Mender
104
Kebele 1 Mender
105/104
18
Pawe
Ketema 1205 Metekel Pawe Pawe ketema Pawe ketema
19
Felege
Selam
Kebele 2
Mender 4 305 Metekel Pawe Felege Selam
Kebele 2 Mender
4;Tena Tabiyaw
20 Almu 195 Metekel Pawe Almu Almu
Total
Area
Pawe
Wereda 23847 Metekel Pawe
1 Angata 15 Metekel Dangur Chamch Angata
2 Endalema 46 Metekel Dangur Burzhi Endalema
Total
Area
Dangur
Wereda 61 Metekel Dangur
1 Ayishanza ? Metekel Mandura Wedit ?
84
S/no
Wetland
Name
Area
(ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
2 Mozaga ? Metekel Mandura Gumade ?
3 ? ? Metekel Guba All kebele ?
1
661.5
Wonbera
Eteshemo&
manasibu,
Gensegesa,&Begond
i, Chancho and
&sanki
Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin
Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)
Geera 3245
Gomma 2421
Gumay 1029
Limu Seka 242
Limu Kossa 1063
Manna 1038
Kerssa 5817
Setema 1861
Seqa cheqorsa 4221
Sha sambbo 1403
Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)
Sigima 4711
Didessa 649
Gechi 1577
Borecha 416
Bedelle 1350
Dapo Hana 1233
Chewaka 21
Cora 1772
Degga 765
Meko 730
Total 35564
Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin
Woreda Area of Wetlands
Gimbi 2698
Aira 1031
Gulliso 2218
B/cokorsa 1339
B/Dimajii 1944
K/kara 3387
Najo 11410
Woreda Area of Wetlands
M/sibu 14650
Jarso 2325
B/Gambel 2559
Kondala 1920
beghi 4544
Assossa 2200
Kamashi 1036
85
Woreda Area of Wetlands
Antillo 1040
sayo 2839
Haula Galan 2080
Dale Wabera 1060
Gawo Qebbe 1280
Woreda Area of Wetlands
Jimma Horro 510
Gidami 6540
Dale sadi 1880
Lolo Qile 1385
Yamalgi Watel 146
Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin
Woreda Wetlands Area (ha)
Adaa 27
Jeldu 5
Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin
Woreda Area of wetlands(ha)
Meket 3
Dawunt 6.72
Gubalafto 39.25
Gidan 4.5
Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin
Woreda wetlands (ha)
Hulet ejunese 5.445
Shebel Berenta 3
Enemay 10.3825
Goncha Sisoenese 20
38.8275