Cleveland State university

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors

For Health Monitoring

Abou-Bakar M. Fofana

Abou.m.fofana@gmail.com

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors

For Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Bio-: refers to biology

Sensors: small scale device

In the family of microsystem

Low power consumption

Used in many applications

Implantable and wearable

Figure1: Diagram of a sensor

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Star networks

Mesh networks

Star-mesh hybrid networks

Cluster tree networks

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Figure 2: Architecture of a Body Area Network

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Bluetooth standard IEEE 802.15.1

Operate in the range 2400-2483.5 MHz Data rate 1-3Mbit/s RF range 10m Security 128 bit AES Architecture point to point Power consumption 100mw class1

ZigBee 802.15.4

Frequency band 2.4GHz Data rate 250Kbit/s Communication range >50m Security 128 bit AES Mesh, Multiple star 60mW

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

UWB Ultra Wide Band

Initially under standard P802.15.3a Real time location system High data rate: video streaming, wireless

monitoring. From 100-500Mbit/s

Low power transceivers: suitable for hospitals Approximately 2mW/Mbps

Wi-Fi 802.11 WLAN

High rate Power consumption higher Battery lifetime reduced Not suitable for BSN

Standard 802.15.6

Support many PHY layers-NB, UWB, HBC Use industrial scientific medical band Increase battery life Provide strong security

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Primary design challenges

Hardware: design new PHY layers, efficient architecture

Software: manage activity and inactivity of nodes through special algorithms

Energy Scavenging

Need to wirelessly powered the sensors Through energy sources

o Motion and vibration

o Air flow, temperature

o Solar cells, ambient electromagnetic

Alternatives Explore battery technology

Lithium energy 1400-3600J/cc Fuel cells, very high energy 638kJ/mol for

methanol

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Virus in BSNs view

Compromised Nodes Attacks in the BSN

o Buffer overflow attack, exhaustion of the

battery, selective forwarding attack

o Collision, jamming attacks, Trojan

Horse Solution

Choose the most efficient topology Star is suitable for the body sensor

networks

Peer-to-peer implies mesh-based topology

o Ensure a good routing mechanism

o Provide a well defined slave/master

role between nodes

Cryptographic approach

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Cryptographic approach

o Using block ciphers : For example the cipher

block chaining technique is the most secure

Figure 3: Cipher block chaining mode

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

Cryptographic approach

o Through secure protocols:

Secure Networks Encryption Protocol (SNEP)

and TESLA

Figure 4: SNEP, encryption and decryption with

counter mode

Architecture and Implementation of Biosensors for Health Monitoring

1. Biosensors

2. Topology of a Wireless Body Sensors Area

Networks

3. Architecture of a Wireless Body Sensors

Area Networks

4. Wireless Communication Technology for

Body Area Networks (BAN)

5. Power Consumption and Energy

Scavenging

6. Security in the Body Area Network

7. Conclusion

In this presentation, we presented multiple

topologies relative to the BSN and also exposed

the constraint in term of hardware and software

design to provide high level security and reliable

transfer of data. We have shown that the body

sensor networks could successfully be implemented

for monitoring purposes in the health system using

adequate topology and security measurement.