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National Program: Safety Culture Improvement Initiatives in the Offshore Petroleum Industry
Joelle Mitchell APPEA National Oil and Gas Safety Conference August 2013
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Overview
• Background to national program
• National program overview
• Key findings
• Recommendations
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Background
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Why safety culture?
gCaptain, Piper Alpha Fire downloaded from http://gcaptain.com on 9 October 2012
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Lord Cullen Inquiry
• “It is essential to create a corporate atmosphere or culture in which safety is understood to be, and is accepted as, the number one priority
• Management have to communicate the safety philosophy at all times and at all levels within the organisation but most particularly by their everyday decisions and actions
• Those provide the opportunity for subordinates to see real, practical substance put to the safety philosophy”
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20 years later…
© US Coastguard
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Have we improved?
Technology Systems People Injury rates
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But…
• Major incident investigations continue to identify cultural failures – Challenger space shuttle – Columbia space shuttle – Texas City refinery – Macondo / Deepwater Horizon
• How can we change this?
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What does the research say?
• Safety culture research: – Fragmented – Confused – Contradictory
• No academic consensus on: – Definition – How it is built – How it works – How to measure it – Predictive capability of measures
• Where to from here?
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The National Program
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Let’s ask the industry
1. How prevalent are safety culture improvement initiatives across the industry?
2. How does the industry conceptualise safety culture?
3. How does the industry operationalize safety culture?
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National Program Part 1
• Online survey • 39 questions • 28 participating organisations • 78% of facilities • People-focused safety improvement initiatives
– Training and coaching – Reward and recognition – Perception surveys – Safety culture
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National Program Part 2
• Semi-structured interviews • Organisations with safety culture improvement
strategies in place • 17 participating organisations
– Their understanding of safety culture – Their improvement strategies
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Key Findings
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Prevalence
• Has your organisation implemented a safety culture improvement strategy?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No, and we have no plans to do so
Unsure
Not yet, but we have informally agreed to develop a strategy in the near future
We are currently developing a strategy but have not yet commencedimplementation
Not yet, but we have a formal plan in place to develop a strategy in the near future
Yes
Percentage of Responses
92%
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Conceptual
• Inconsistent definitions of safety culture • Varied understanding of:
– How culture works – How to build culture – How to change culture
• Consistent with academic and practice-based publications
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Operational
• Varied approaches between companies • Strategies reflect conceptual understanding • Some holistic approaches • “Safety Culture” label applied to strategies that
do not target culture: – Traditional safety improvement initiatives – Initiatives targeting only one element of culture
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Why is this a problem?
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Why is this a problem?
• Conflict between contractor and client organisations
• Confusion within a mobile workforce • Poorly designed initiatives • Failure of initiatives • Poor outcomes blamed on safety culture concept • Perception that safety culture is a weak concept • Loss of a powerful safety improvement
framework
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Recommendations
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Recommendations
• A common definition and model of safety culture is required…
• To frame the design and implementation of safety culture initiatives
• To ensure that initiatives target culture change rather than other things
• NOT to dictate content, process, or structure
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Proposed Definition
Safety culture refers to the shared basic assumptions
held by most members of an organisation, which create and reinforce group norms of thinking,
language and behaviour in relation to major accident event prevention.
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Proposed Model
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Culture starts at the top
Decisions and
Behaviour
Safety Knowledge
Understanding of
Organisational Behaviour
Executive Commitment
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The Culture Onion
Leadership Practices
Working Environment Systems
Decisions and
Behaviour
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Group Norms
Leadership Practices
Working Environment Systems
Decisions and
Behaviour
Organisational Behaviour
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Safety Outcomes
Safety Outcomes
Organisational Behaviour
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Proposed Model
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How to use it
• Guide design of safety culture initiatives • Target each element of the model
• Initiatives should be fit-for-purpose
• NOT a regulatory requirement
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Further information
• Report – Safety culture improvement initiatives in the Australian offshore petroleum industry