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Presented by Luciano Jerez Chaves
Slides based on the followings presentations:
- ns-3 training (Tom Henderson, 2016)
- ns-3 introduction (Tom Henderson, 2014)
- Network simulation using ns-3 (Walid Younes, 2013)
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1989: REAL Srinivasan Keshav
1995-1997: ns-1 Steve McCanne , Sally Floyd , Kevin Fall
C++, Tcl-based scripting
1996-1997: ns-2 “Refactoring” by Steve McCanne
Replace Tcl with Object Tcl (OTcl) of MIT
2006: ns-3 NSF team (Henderson, Riley, Floyd, Roy) and INRIA team (Dabbous, Lacage)
C++ core with Python bindings
26 releases and more than 175 open source contributors
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Simulation time moves in discrete jumps
Functions schedule events and a scheduler orders the event execution
Simulator executes a single-threaded event list until a specific time or when events end
Execute a function
(may generate additional events)
Advance the virtual time
to the next event (function)
Virtual time
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ns-3 is a GNU GPLv2-licensed project
ns-3 is written in C++, with bindings available for Python
ns-3 is mainly supported for Linux, OS X, and FreeBSD
ns-3 is a command-line, Unix-oriented software
ns-3 is not backwards-compatible with ns-2
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Web site:
http://www.nsnam.org
Mailing lists:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ns-3-users
http://mailman.isi.edu/mailman/listinfo/ns-developers
Wiki:
http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/
IRC:
#ns-3 at http://freenode.net
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Available at https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/
Written tutorial for beginners
Reference manual on the ns-3 core
Model library documentation
Source code API documentation
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ns-3 is built as a system of independent software libraries (modules) that can be combined together
Remove dependences between modules
Source code heavily based on callbacks
Each module is internally organized into:
Models
Examples
Tests
Documentation
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Download the latest release
Use a compressed tarball file
wget http://www.nsnam.org/releases/ns-allinone-
3.35.tar.bz2
tar xjf ns-allinone-3.25.tar.bz2
Clone the source code from the mercurial repository
hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3.25
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Waf is a Python-based framework for configuring, compiling and installing applications
Replacement for other tools such as Autotools, CMake or Ant
For those familiar with Autotools:
./configure ./waf configure
make ./waf build
Different parameters for configuration --build-profile=optimized|debug
--enable-examples and --enable-tests
Check other options with ./waf --help
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You can run the unit tests of the ns-3 distribution by running the following command: ./test.py -c core
This command is typically run by users to quickly verify that an ns-3 distribution has built correctly
Don’t worry about ‘passed’ tests
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We typically run scripts under the control of Waf
It sets key environment variables for running programs
./waf --run hello-simulator
Congratulations! You are now an ns-3 user!
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Nodes
Applications
Protocol stack
Net devices
Channels
Helper API
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A Node is a shell of a computer to which applications, protocol stacks, and net devices are added
ApplicationApplication
Application
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Abstraction for a user program that generates some network activity using an (asynchronous) socket API
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Mainly TCP/IP stack
Layer 4 protocols (TCP, UDP, ICMP)
Layer 3 protocols (IPv4, IPv6, ARP)
Also provides the socket API, routing capabilities and traffic control module
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A NetDevice is like a NIC, which is strongly bound to a channel of a matching type
Nodes are architected for multiple interfaces
WifiNetDevice
WifiChannel
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ApplicationApplication
Protocol
stack
Node
NetDeviceNetDevice
ApplicationApplication
Protocolstack
Node
NetDeviceNetDevice
Sockets-like API
Channel
Channel
Packet(s)
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The ns-3 “helper API” provides a set of classes and methods that make common operations easier
Container of objects
Helper classes
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Containers group similar objects together, for convenience
They are often implemented using C++ std containers
Helper classes provides simple “syntactical sugar” to make simulation scripts look nicer and easier to read
They are not generic
Each function applies a single operation on a ''set of the same type objects”
A typical operation is Install()
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applications
internet
(IPv4/v6)
traffic-control
bridge
csma
emu
point-to-
point
spectrum
tap-bridge
virtual-
net-device
wifi
lte
wimax
devices
uan
mesh
lr-wpan core
network
propagation
mobility
mpi
energy
nix-vector-
routing
aodv
dsdv
olsr
click
protocols
openflow
flow-monitor
BRITE
topology-
read
utilities
stats
config-
store
netanim
visualizer
Smart pointers
Dynamic types
Attributes
Callbacks
Tracing
Logging
Random Variables Events
Scheduler
Time arithmetic
Packets
Packet Tags
Packet Headers
Pcap/ascii file writing
Node class
NetDevice ABC
Address types
(Ipv4, MAC, etc.)
Queues
Socket ABC
Ipv4 ABCs
Packet sockets
internet-apps
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Each ns-3 object has a set of attributes that makes it easy to verify the parameters of a simulation
Name, help text, type, and initial value
Dump and read them all in configuration files and visualize them in a GUI
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Mechanism to parse command line arguments and automatically set local and global variables and attributes
Passing --PrintHelp to programs will display command line options, if CommandLine is enabled ./waf --run "sample-simulator --PrintHelp"
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Packet uses an advanced data structure
Supports real or virtual application data
Serializable (for emulation)
Supports pretty-printing
Efficient (copy-on-write semantics)
Packet tag objects allow packets to carry around simulator-specific metadata
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Smart pointers in ns-3 use reference counting to improve memory management
The class ns3::Ptr is semantically similar to a traditional pointer, but the object pointed to will be deleted when all references to the pointer are gone
No need to use malloc and free
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ALL nodes have to be created before simulation starts
Position Allocators setup initial position of nodes
List, Grid, Random position…
Mobility models specify how nodes will move
Constant position, constant velocity/acceleration, waypoint…
Trace-file based from mobility tools such as SUMO, etc.
Routes Mobility using Google API
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Assertions that aborts the program for false expressions
NS_ASSERT (expression);
Debug Logging (not to be confused with tracing!)
Used to trace code execution logic, not to extract results!
NS_LOG_ERROR (...): serious error messages only
NS_LOG_WARN (...): warning messages
NS_LOG_DEBUG (...): rare ad-hoc debug messages
NS_LOG_INFO (...): informational messages (eg. banners)
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (...): function tracing
NS_LOG_PARAM (...): parameters to functions
NS_LOG_LOGIC (...): control flow tracing within functions
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The gdb debugger can be used directly on binaries in the build directory ./waf --command-template="gdb %s" --run <program-
name>
The valgrind memcheck can be used directly on binaries in the build directory ./waf --command-template="valgrind %s" --run
<program-name>
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Network monitoring framework
Detect all flows passing through the network
Stores metrics for analysis such as bitrates, duration, delays, packet sizes, packet loss ratios
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No preferred visualizer for ns-3
Several tools have been developed over the years, with some scope limitations
Pyviz
NetAnim (George Riley and John Abraham)
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Live simulation visualizer (no trace files)
Useful for debuggingmobility model behavior
packets being dropped
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Animate packets over wired-links and wireless-links based on trace files
py
viz
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Moving between simulation, testbeds, and live systems
Linux is only operating system supported
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Decouple trace sources from trace sinks
Users can implement specialized trace sinks and connect to existing trace sources using pointer to functions
Trace source
Trace source
Trace source
Trace sink
unchanged configurable by user
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