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Presented toRenewable Energy Class
February 10, 2011
By
Tom Molinski, P.Eng. EOEEmerging Energy Systems
Emerging Energy Technologiesfor Manitoba
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What are Emerging Energy Technologies
• Small Thermal
• H2 and FC
• Energy Storage
• Engines
• PHEV & EV
Includes:
• Wind
• Small Hydro
• Bioenergy
• Solar
• Geothermal
Not Conventional Energy Systems
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Wind Power in Manitoba•St. Leon, MB
• Constructed in 2006
• 63 Wind Turbines
• Power to 40,000 homes
•St. Joseph, MB
• Under Construction
• 60 Wind Turbines
• Power to 50,000 homes
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Lightning Strikes on Wind Turbines
• Approx. 400,000 to 700,000 strikes in Manitoba annually
• Increase of strikes on wind turbines due to height
• Lightning may puncture and penetrate blade
• Energy discharge causes severe damage
• 20-30 faults / 100 turbines / year
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Cowboy Wisdom
“Everybody gets so much information all day long that they lose their common sense”
...Gertrude Stein
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Wind Technology Developments
RECHARGE, Issue 14, April 17, 2009
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Kinetic Turbine Research Project Partners• Manitoba Hydro
• University of Manitoba• New Energy
• UEK
• Manitoba HVDC Research Center
Purpose• Test reliability, efficiency and deployment
• Winter testing • Cost
• R&D Stage
• Presently uneconomic in MB
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New Energy Pontoon Boat at Pointe du Bois
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Bio-EnergyCombustion
• Direct
• Co-fired
Thermochemical
• Pyrolysis
• Gasification
Biochemical
• Anaerobic Digestion
• Landfill Gas
• Ethanol Fermentation
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Canadian Solar Atlas
Source: Natural Resources Canada
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BIPV - Red River College
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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
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Solar Comparison
Solar Thermal PV
Peak Power (Watts/m2) 700 150
Efficiency (solar energy/captured energy)
70% 15%
Installed Cost per W $ 2 to $ 5 $ 7 to $ 10
Simple Payback 40 years 130 years
Life 25 years 25 – 30 years* Payback assumes solar thermal would replace natural gas
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Space Solar Power
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Solar Tower
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Beware of Solar Power!
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Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)
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Manitoba Heat Flow Map
Preliminary Results
• 90°C - 100°C @ 3 to 4 km depths
• Sufficient temperature for district heating and possible electrical generation
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Thermal to Electric Conversion
• Small Steam
• Organic Rankine
• Brayton
• Entropic
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• Batteries
• Fuel Cells
• Capacitors
• Flywheels
• Compressed Air
• Pumped Hydro
• Thermal Storage
• Super Conducting Coils
Energy Storage
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ENGINES
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PHEV Research Project• Approved June 29, 2005
• Purchased 2005 Toyota Prius Hybrid
• Modify for plug-in capability- 30 mile net electric range
• Operate and collect data for one year
• Goals- Operation and reliability
- Cold weather capability
- Effects of PHEVs on the MH system
- Feasibility of off-peak charging
- Promote technology and increase public awareness
• Converted in Monrovia, Calif. August 14, 2006
• 2nd conversion: U of M, April 10, 2007
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Cowboy Wisdom
•“If I’d asked my customers what they wanted, they’d have said a faster horse”
Henry Ford
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Why Is MH Interested in Emerging Energy Technologies
• Prepares MH to adopt new technologies• 5000 MW undev hydro last till 2050
• Niche applications• Kinetic Turbines
• Increasing TBL advantages
• Stakeholder interest
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What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?
• Over reliance on fossil fuels
• High cost of energy to consumers
• Environmental cost of producing energy
• Environmental cost of consuming energy
• Running out of oil and natural gas
• Not sure
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What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?
• Over reliance on fossil fuels
• High cost of energy to consumers
• Environmental cost of producing energy
• Environmental cost of consuming energy
• Running out of oil and natural gas
• Not sure
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What is Canada’s Biggest Challenge in Energy Use?
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Which Renewable (excluding hydro) Generates the Most Electricity in
Canada?
•Wind
•Solar
•Geothermal
•Biomass
•Not sure
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Which Renewable Generates the Most Electricity in Canada?
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What is Driving Emerging Energy
• Climate change
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
Get me outta here!
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Oil Discovery vs Consumption
Past discovery by ExxonMobil
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Bil
lio
n B
arr
els
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Past Discovery
Future Discovery
Production
2% Growth
2% Depletion
?
Source: Past data from ExxonMobil, US data from DOE
USA consumption
This surplus fills the
gap
Consumption
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Cowboy Wisdom
“When gasoline hits $10/litre, I’ll keep my car and buy a loyal horse to pull it six days a week.
On the 7th day, I’ll switch back to gasoline and the horse can take a break and ride with me”..
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What is Driving Emerging Energy
• Climate change
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
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What is Driving Emerging Energy
• Climate change
• Reduce pollution
• Energy security
• Non-renewable sources
are limited
• Technological advances
• Subsidies, etc
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Barriers to Emerging Energy
• Higher costs than conventional
• GHG Credits and REC too low
• Infrastructure barriers
• Lack of familiarity with equipment
• Intermittent sources need energy storage
• BANANA
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Barriers to Emerging Energy
• Higher costs than conventional
• GHG Credits and REC too low
• Infrastructure barriers
• Lack of familiarity with equipment
• Intermittent sources need energy storage
• BANANA
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Energy Consumption in Manitoba
Source: Energy in Manitoba, Manitoba Government
Refined Petroleum Products 38%Biomass
& Wind 2%
Hydro-Power 26%
Coal & NGL 2% Natural Gas
32%
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Renewable Energy Production
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Conclusions• No current threat to hydro
– Wind and bioenergy are close– Solar catching up– TBL, subsidies, & policies will help– Niche applications now– Large hydro supply all load till 2050
• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al– Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc
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Conclusions• No current threat to hydro
– Wind and bioenergy are close– Solar catching up– TBL, subsidies, & policies will help– Niche applications now– Large hydro supply all load till 2050
• Need MH & Provincial energy use strategy– Reduce fossil fuel use by expanding hydro et al– Consider electrified transportation, district energy, etc
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Cowboy Wisdom
"It is better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than to open it and remove all doubt.”
…Mark Twain
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Questions?