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Preventive Health care
Definition of Health:
State of complete physical, mental,social and spiritual well-being, notmerely the absence of disease orinfirmity.
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C ommon Risk FactorsHigh B. P.(Hypertension)
Stress(Distress)
Overweight/Obesity
Physical inactivity
Fatty diet(High C holesterol)
Smoking/Tobacco chewing
Alcoholism
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High Blood Pressure
Blood pressure ( BP )Normal BP : systolic/diastolic
100-140/60-90
mm of hg.Even 140/90 is High normal.High BP : BP> 140/90
(Hypertension)Two types : Primary 90%
Secondary 10%
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Prevalence of Hypertension:Almost 20 - 30 % in the 20 - 60 years agegroup in India.
Symptoms:No specific symptoms ,silent killer.Symptoms due to involvement of the organs
heart,brain, kidneys & eyes (target organs )
ie. angina, loss of memory/concentration,insomnia, urinary symptoms, loss of vision.
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Associated Risk factorsModifiable
Stress(Distress)Physical inactivityFatty & high sodium dietOverweight/obesitySmoking/Alcohol intake
Non-modifiableAgeHeredity
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Risks to health:(by High BP)
Heart Diseases:Coronary artery disease,Myocardial infarction, Heart failureBrain Disorders: Stroke(paralysis),BrainhaemorrhageKidney Disorders: Renal failureEye diseases: Retinopathy
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Prevention and control of HypertensionDietary Habits:
salt /salty food items restriction
fatty foods restrictionplenty of fruits and vegetables
high fibre diet ie.wheat bran,sprouted cereals/beans/pulses
Weight reduction/calories restriction
Physical activity / exerciseAvoid unhealthy habits
smoking,alcohol,tobaccoStress management.
coping skills,yoga,meditation
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Overweight/Obesity
Risk factor for -Hypertension,Heart attack ,
Stroke,Diabetes Mellitus,Osteo-arthritis etc
Normal/average weight : Height in cm.-100
Overweight & Obesity : expressed in terms of
BMI (Body Mass Index)
BMI = weight in kg./height in metre 2
Normal BMI :
20 to 25 in males
18 to 23 in females
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Overweight : BMI 26 to 29 in males
24 to 28 in femalesObesity : BMI 30 or more in males28.6 or more in females
Prevention & C ontrol of Obesity
Proper diet control/ calories restrictionMore food items poor in calories &less food items rich in caloriesRegular physical activity/ burningcaloriesBalance between calories intake andburning/expenditure
C alories requirements :depending on the type of work/physical
labour
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Healthy eating guide
Fats & sweetsMeat & eggs
Pulses & nutsMilk & milk productsFruits & vegetables
Cereals & sprouted
eat least eat less
eat moderatelyeat moderatelyeat more
eat most