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Primary FramingPrimary FramingSystemsSystems
VP UniversityVP University
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Plasma ArcPlasma Arc
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WebsWebs
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Conrac (welding)Conrac (welding)
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Hand WeldHand Weld
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Structural Steel Beam Compared toPre-engineered Beam of Equivalent
Strength
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StressStress--Strain CurveStrain Curve
Fig 1. A stressFig 1. A stress––strainstraincurve typical ofcurve typical ofstructural steelstructural steel1. Ultimate Strength1. Ultimate Strength2. Yield Strength2. Yield Strength3. Rupture3. Rupture4. Strain hardening4. Strain hardeningregionregion5. Necking region.5. Necking region.A: Apparent stressA: Apparent stress(F/A(F/A00))B: Actual stressB: Actual stress(F/A)(F/A)
![Page 8: Primary Framing Systems - VPvpcwebservice.vp.com/Help/ERP/vpu/VP Product... · used for the foundation design ... on column base plates and anchor rods. •For the examples shown,](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022600/5b40485f7f8b9a5e528d27d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Concrete CompressionConcrete CompressionStrengthStrength
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Concrete CompressionConcrete CompressionStrengthStrength
Don’t lose the opportunity totake advantage of higherstrength concrete when it’salready specified on theproject.•The strength of the concreteused for the foundation designmay have a noticeable impacton column base plates andanchor rods.•For the examples shown, thebase plate size and number ofAnchor Rods were noticeablyreduced when higher strengthof concrete specified for theproject is entered inVPCommand.
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Pinned Base Sidewall ColumnsPinned Base Sidewall Columns
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Fixed BaseFixed Base
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Clear Span(Rigid Frame)
Modular(ContinuousBeam)
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Carry loads to the foundationCarry loads to the foundationShop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray*Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray*in color (bronze and red oxide alsoin color (bronze and red oxide alsoavailable at additional cost).available at additional cost).Spans and Eave Heights inSpans and Eave Heights inincrements of 1/16”increments of 1/16”
* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010
VP UniversityVP University
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151515
• All Structural Connections use A325T (Full Thread) Bolts(optional A490)
• ASTM F1852 Tension Control Bolt Option still available.
• All Secondary Connections (except girt to jambs) will beA325T (T = full-thread bolts) ½” x 1½” plated bolts.
Bolts
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PrePre--punched Holespunched Holes
VP primary frames have preVP primary frames have pre--punched holes for purlinpunched holes for purlinconnectionsconnections
VP UniversityVP University
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Typical Connections
VP UniversityVP University
RAFTER BEAMSPLICE
Rafter to Columnat the Haunch
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Typical Connections(“A” splice plate)
VP UniversityVP University
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Typical Connections(“B” splice plate)
VP UniversityVP University
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Typical ConnectionsTypical Connections
Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate
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![Page 22: Primary Framing Systems - VPvpcwebservice.vp.com/Help/ERP/vpu/VP Product... · used for the foundation design ... on column base plates and anchor rods. •For the examples shown,](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022600/5b40485f7f8b9a5e528d27d8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Factory Welded ClipsFactory Welded Clips
VP UniversityVP University
Girt Clip
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Primary FramePrimary Frame
VP UniversityVP University
Open Web
Solid Web
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Primary FramesPrimary FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits
What roof pitches are availableWhat roof pitches are availablefor Primary Frames?for Primary Frames?––Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeperUsually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeperpitches available if neededpitches available if needed
What is the maximum eaveWhat is the maximum eaveheight allowed?height allowed?
––As required by the end userAs required by the end user
VP UniversityVP University
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TwoTwo--piece bolted columnpiece bolted column
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Exterior Column VariationsExterior Column Variations
VP UniversityVP University
Tapered Straight StraightTapered
TaperedStraight
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Straight then TaperedStraight then Tapered
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Column TaperedColumn Tapered--StraightStraight
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Straight Column Features &Straight Column Features &BenefitsBenefits
VP UniversityVP University
Inset Girts
Columns can be hiddenwithin a finished wall
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Interior Column OptionsInterior Column Options
VP UniversityVP University
3-PlateBuilt-up
PipeTube(Square)
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Triangle TubeTriangle Tube
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Interior ColumnsInterior Columns
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Interior ColumnInterior Column -- PipePipe
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Rigid FrameRigid Frame
VP UniversityVP University
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RigidRigidFramesFrames
VP UniversityVP University
Rigid Frame
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Rigid Frames (with craneRigid Frames (with cranebrackets)brackets)
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Rigid Frame CrossRigid Frame CrossSectionSection
VP UniversityVP University
When a “CLEAR SPAN” is required
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RF with an OffsetRF with an OffsetRidgeRidge
VP UniversityVP University
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RF Single SlopeRF Single Slope
VP UniversityVP University
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Loads to the Foundation
VP UniversityVP University
Forces
LOAD
LOAD
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Anchor BoltsAnchor Bolts
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Rigid FramesRigid FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits
Why or when should this type ofWhy or when should this type offrame be used?frame be used?
–– When CLEAR SPANS are requiredWhen CLEAR SPANS are requiredHow wide can a Rigid Frame be?How wide can a Rigid Frame be?
–– VP has done them up to 300’VP has done them up to 300’widewide
VP UniversityVP University
![Page 47: Primary Framing Systems - VPvpcwebservice.vp.com/Help/ERP/vpu/VP Product... · used for the foundation design ... on column base plates and anchor rods. •For the examples shown,](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022022600/5b40485f7f8b9a5e528d27d8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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RF (Pitt Panthers)RF (Pitt Panthers)
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Baumer ConstructionFt. Laramie, Ohio
Hickory Hill Concert Pavilion
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
ContinuousContinuousBeamBeam
VP UniversityVP University
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Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Frame (CB-1)
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VP UniversityVP University
Continuous Beam Frames
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Continuous Beam FrameContinuous Beam Frame
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Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam Frames
VP UniversityVP University
CB-1
CB-2
CB-3
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CB Frame w/ Offset RidgeCB Frame w/ Offset Ridge
VP UniversityVP University
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Interior Column at CBInterior Column at CB
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CB Frame withCB Frame withUnequal ModulesUnequal Modules
VP UniversityVP University
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CB Frame Options - SingleSlope
VP UniversityVP University
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Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits
When should this type ofWhen should this type offrame be used?frame be used?
–– Wide Span BuildingsWide Span BuildingsWhat does adding interiorWhat does adding interiorcolumns do to the rafter?columns do to the rafter?
–– Makes it lighterMakes it lighter
VP UniversityVP University
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Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits
How does this affect the priceHow does this affect the priceof the rafter?of the rafter?–– The price decreasesThe price decreases
How wide can a CB frame be?How wide can a CB frame be?–– VP has done them over 800’VP has done them over 800’widewide
VP UniversityVP University
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InIn--place Cost Considerationsplace Cost Considerations
VP UniversityVP University
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Unibeam FramesUnibeam Frames
VP UniversityVP University
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Unibeam FramesUnibeam Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Unibeam
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Unibeam Features &Unibeam Features &BenefitsBenefits
VP UniversityVP University
TYPICAL RIGID FRAME
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Unibeam Features &Benefits
VP UniversityVP University
Ceiling Line
More vertical clearanceat sidewalls
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Unibeam Features & BenefitsUnibeam Features & Benefits
VP UniversityVP University
Ceiling Line
Straight ColumnsVs. Tapered
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Truss FramesTruss Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Truss Beam
ContinuousTrusses
(CT-2)
(CT-1)
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Patent for ClarkPatent for Clark Prudhon’sPrudhon’sTruss FrameTruss Frame -- 19591959
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Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss
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Open Web To ColumnOpen Web To Column
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Open Web Rafter
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Open Web Rafter
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Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss
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7979
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Truss BeamTruss Beam
VP UniversityVP University
•Straight Columns
•Flat Bottom
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Continuous TrussContinuous Truss
VP UniversityVP University
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Continuous TrussContinuous Truss
VP UniversityVP University
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The
Ope
n W
ebTh
e O
pen
Web
Adv
anta
geA
dvan
tage
VP UniversityVP University
Piping and wiring can be runthrough an open web frame...... It doesn’t have to go underthe frame.
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Gam
brel
-Ope
n W
eb
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Open WebOpen WebConsiderationsConsiderations
ManufacturingManufacturingavailability varies byavailability varies byService CenterService Center–– Alabama andAlabama and
WisconsinWisconsin
Lateral Bracing toLateral Bracing tobottom cordbottom cordEconomical forEconomical forlargelarge span andspan andlargelarge interior gridsinterior grids
VP UniversityVP University
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CraneCrane –– VP / HybridVP / Hybrid
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Sample ProjectSample Project180 x 350 x 20180 x 350 x 20
2006 IBC2006 IBC
3535 psfpsf GSGS
20 LL20 LL
90 mph Wind90 mph Wind
50 ft. bays50 ft. bays
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Frame ComparisonsFrame Comparisons
$0$5,000
$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000$35,000
Frame Type
P&BRFWBCB-1CT-1CB-2CT-23P P&B
(Non-discounted prices shown)
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
LeanLean--to Framesto Frames
VP UniversityVP University
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LeanLean--To FramesTo Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Below EaveLean-to
At Eave
Lean-to
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Endwall LeanEndwall Lean--ToTo
VP UniversityVP University
End wallLean-to
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At Eave Height LeanAt Eave Height Lean--ToTo
VP UniversityVP University
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At Eave LeanAt Eave Lean--to connectionto connection
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Below Eave HeightBelow Eave HeightLeanLean--ToTo
VP UniversityVP University
•Can add interior columns if needed.
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CB LeanCB Lean--toto
VP UniversityVP University
Below eaveHeight or at eaveLean-to
Mainly largespan lean-to
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CT LeanCT Lean--toto
VP UniversityVP University
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LeanLean--ToTo
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PrimaryPrimaryFramesFrames
Endwall FramingEndwall Framing
VP UniversityVP University
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End FramesEnd Frames
VP UniversityVP University
End Frames
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Post & Beam End FramesPost & Beam End Frames
VP UniversityVP University
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ComponentsComponents
VP UniversityVP University
Rake Beam
Corner Posts
“P&B”
Endposts
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Typical EndpostTypical EndpostSpacingSpacing
VP UniversityVP University
24'25' 25'13'-0" 13'-0"100'
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MaterialsMaterials
VP UniversityVP University
Back-to-Back CeesCornerpost and EndpostG30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate
3-Plate Built-Up
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MaterialsMaterials
VP UniversityVP University
Cornerpost and EndpostG30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate
•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated coldformed CEEs•riveted back-to-backCEEs•Single CEE (inset girtsonly)•3-plate welded solutionas needed•Tube and Hot Rollendwall posts are anoption.
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How a Post & BeamHow a Post & BeamFrame WorksFrame Works
VP UniversityVP University
The Rake Beam is designed as aCONTINUOUS BEAM spanning acrossthe end posts
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How a Post & BeamHow a Post & BeamFrame WorksFrame Works
VP UniversityVP University
End posts span from the floor tothe rake to support wind loads
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How a Post & BeamHow a Post & BeamFrame WorksFrame Works
VP UniversityVP University
End posts also support the gravity loadsvertically, carrying them from theRake Beam to the foundation
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Rake Beam to EndpostRake Beam to Endpost
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Rigid Frame with EndRigid Frame with EndPostsPosts
VP UniversityVP University
End Post“EP”
End Posts can beused with any frametype
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Post and Beam StabilityPost and Beam Stability
Automated diaphragm check;Automated diaphragm check;If fails, Rods may automatically beIf fails, Rods may automatically bedesigned…designed……Initially at interior bay……Initially at interior bay……Then at…Then at endbayendbay(s)(s)
112112
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Post and Beam StabilityPost and Beam Stability
113113
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HalfHalf--Load Frames withLoad Frames withEnd PostsEnd Posts
VP UniversityVP University
End Post“EP” End Posts can be
used with any frametype
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FullFull--Load Frames withLoad Frames withEnd PostsEnd Posts
When futureWhen futureexpansion isexpansion isexpectedexpectedEnd Posts can beused with anyframe type VP UniversityVP University
End Post“EP”
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Soldier ColumnsSoldier Columns
AA Soldier ColumnSoldier Column is used to reduce theis used to reduce thespan of the sidewall girts when longspan of the sidewall girts when longbays ( 30’bays ( 30’--0” +) are required.0” +) are required.
VP UniversityVP University
Soldier Column
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Soldier ColumnsSoldier Columns
VP UniversityVP University
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Primary FramingPrimary Framing
Applied DesignApplied DesignConcepts andConcepts andConsiderationsConsiderations
VP UniversityVP University
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Primary FramesPrimary Frames
Moment Resisting FramesMoment Resisting Frames
VP UniversityVP University
Load
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P & B’s AreP & B’s AreNOT Moment ResistingNOT Moment Resisting
VP UniversityVP University
Load
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How a Post & Beam FrameHow a Post & Beam FrameWorksWorks
Diaphragm is the metal panel’sability to resist loads within itssurface.
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Post & Beam FramesPost & Beam Frames
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Bracing or the diaphragmaction of wall panels is
required to resist wind loadsfrom the side of the building
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Ledger Angle at End FrameLedger Angle at End FrameLocationLocation
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Pinned and RigidPinned and RigidConnection TypesConnection Types
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Rigid Connections at thehaunches and raftersplices
Pinned Connectionsat the base
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Standard Fixed BaseStandard Fixed Base
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Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column
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Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column
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Frame DeflectionFrame DeflectionConsiderationsConsiderations
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HorizontalDeflection
Vertical Deflection
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Unsupported ColumnsUnsupported Columnsand Raftersand Rafters
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Supported Membershave Flange Braces
Unsupported Membersdo not have Flange Braces.(may or may not have girts)
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Unsupported ColumnsUnsupported Columnsand Raftersand Rafters
A column or rafter is consideredA column or rafter is consideredunsupported when it does not haveunsupported when it does not haveLateral support.Lateral support.This condition occurs when there areThis condition occurs when there areno flange braces attached to theno flange braces attached to thecompression (Inside) flange.compression (Inside) flange.Unsupported columns are typicallyUnsupported columns are typicallymore expensive than Supported.more expensive than Supported.
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Flange BracingFlange Bracing
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Special Curved FramingSpecial Curved Framing
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Special Curved FramingSpecial Curved Framing
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SpecialSpecialCurvedCurved
FramingFraming
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Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips
The more youThe more you reduce the spanreduce the span of aof amember the more you reduce themember the more you reduce thecost (to a certain point)…cost (to a certain point)…TaperedTapered members most economicalmembers most economicalSpanSpan frames shortestframes shortest distance indistance inbuildingbuilding
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Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips
Gage Post and BeamGage Post and Beam mostmosteconomical endwall frameeconomical endwall frameReduceReduce endbayendbay span if possiblespan if possibleReduce Int. Col. Span near sidewallsReduce Int. Col. Span near sidewallsDo Not specify deflection higher thanDo Not specify deflection higher thannecessarynecessaryOpen Web frames economical withOpen Web frames economical withlarge spans and heavy loadslarge spans and heavy loads
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