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Principles of Government
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Is Government Necessary?
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What is a State?
A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority.
There are more than
160 states in the world.
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What is a State?
State / Province
vs.
State / Nation / Country
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What are the EssentialFeatures of a State?
Population
Territory
Sovereignty
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What is a Nation?
• Has population
• Might not have territory or sovereignty
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City States
Ancient• Athens• Sparta
Modern• Singapore• Monaco• Vatican City
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Other Terms You Need to Know
Industrialized Nation• Large industries
• Advanced technology
• Comfortable life for citizens
• Relatively high per capita income
U.S., France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Canada
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Developing Nation• Beginning to develop major industry• Trying to acquire technology• Population is relatively poor• Low per capita income
Cuba, Angola, Paraguay, Nigeria, Vietnam
Other Terms You Need to Know
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Many nations are somewhere between “industrialized” and “developing.”
Mexico, India, China,
most of South America,
Romania, Bulgaria,
Other Terms You Need to Know
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“Third World” Nation• Little industry• Little technology• Very poor population• Low per capita income• Often in political turmoil
Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Honduras, much of sub-Saharan Africa
Other Terms You Need to Know
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Theories of Origin of the State
Evolutionary Theory
The state developed out of the
family unit.
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Force Theory
The state developed out of the need for a leader for battle, for building defenses, digging a well, etc.
Theories of Origin of the State
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Divine Right Theory
God chose someone by having them born into the right family and it is wrong to oppose God’s choice.
Theories of Origin of the State
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Social Contract Theory
People have basic rights. They can agree to give certain authority to a leader or government.
Theories of Origin of the State
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Purposes of Government
Maintain social orderTo avoid conflict with the group
Establish society normsMarriage, crime, punishment, etc.
Provide public services
Provide national security
Make economic decisionsWhat to subsidizeWhat to buildHow to maintain economic health
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Basic Forms of Government
• Great Britain• Italy• France
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Basic Forms of Government
Central Government
State Government
Citizens
• Holds primary authority• Regulates activities of
states
• Little or no powers• Duties regulated by
central government
• Vote for central government officials
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Independent states
agree to work together
Russia
Basic Forms of Government
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Basic Forms of Government
Central government
State government
Citizens
• Limited powers to coordinate state activities
• Sovereign• Allocate some duties to
central government
• Vote for state government officials
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U.S., Canada,
Switzerland,
Mexico, India,
Australia
Basic Forms of Government
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Basic Forms of Government
Central Government
State Government
Citizens
• Shares power with states
• Shares power with central government
• Vote for both state and central government officials