EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Private Forest Ownership and Private Forest Ownership and Wood Mobilization in EuropeWood Mobilization in Europe
Franziska Hirsch and Sebastian HetschFranziska Hirsch and Sebastian Hetsch
UNECE/FAO Timber SectionUNECE/FAO Timber Section
UN Economic Commission for EuropeUN Economic Commission for Europe
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution 1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution 1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization
2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability2.2 Wood Mobilization
OverviewOverview
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Private Forest Ownership in Private Forest Ownership in Europe Europe UNECE/FAO/MCPFE/CEPF EnquiryUNECE/FAO/MCPFE/CEPF Enquiry
Issues Specification
Forest ownership
Holding structure
Socio-economic data
Trends
Private Public Other
Individuals / fami-lies/ institutions
State / provincial / communal
Total area of holdings
Total number of holdingsby size classes
Individual owners
Age + Gender
Occu-pation
Resi-dence
Objec-tives
Restitution / PrivatisationChanges in past 15 years Organisation in FOAs, Fragmentation
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
addressed to 38 MCPFE countries
23 participated
Countries thatparticipated
Countries that did not participate
Countries not addressed
Private Forest Ownership Enquiry
Spain
Portugal
Andorra
Italy
FranceSwitzerland
Austria
Slovenia
CroatiaBosnia and
HerzegovinaSerbia andMontenegroFYR Macedonia
Albania
Greece
Turkey
Cyprus
Romania
Bulgaria
Moldova
Ukraine
Hungary
Slovakia
Czech Rep.
Poland
Belarus
Russian FederationEstonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Belgium
United Kingdom
Ireland
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Iceland
Malta
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution1.1 Ownership Distribution1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Overall Ownership Distribution Overall Ownership Distribution (a)(a)
Share [%] in area of forest and other wooded land in Europe
50.09%
0.36%
49.55%
Private ownership
Public ownership
Other ownership
Significant share of private ownership (50%)
Includes: land where ownership is
not defined, land that belongs to
indigenous or tribal people.
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Overall Ownership Distribution Overall Ownership Distribution … large difference at the country level (b)… large difference at the country level (b)
Countries with predominance of private ownership
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Countries with predominance of public ownership
Overall Ownership Distribution Overall Ownership Distribution … large difference at the country level (c)… large difference at the country level (c)
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Ownership Categories (a)Ownership Categories (a)
Public Forests mostly owned by the State
Private Forest mostly owned by Individuals/
Families
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Country Level Structure (b)Country Level Structure (b)
Belgium
37%
0%
15%12%
0%
36%
0% Individuals / families
Forest industries
Private institutions
State ownership
Provincial ownership
Communal Ownership
Other ownership
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Country Level Structure (c)Country Level Structure (c)
Poland
16%0%
1%
82%
0%
1% 0%
Individuals / families
Forest industries
Private institutions
State ownership
Provincial ownership
Communal Ownership
Other ownership
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Holding StructureHolding StructureShare (%) of holdings < 6ha in total area of private holdings
73
4133 32 29
2419
9 6 51 1 0 0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Polan
d
Slove
nia
Czech
Rep
ublic
Nether
lands
Belgiu
m
France
Latvi
a
Austri
a
Unite
d Kin
gdom
Hungar
y
Norway
Slova
kia
Bulgar
ia
Roman
ia
Restitution/privation: often towards smallholding ... large variances on a country level
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability
2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Relative share of age classes of private forest owners (%)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Belgiu
m
Franc
e
Lith
uania
Roman
ia
Hungar
y
Finlan
d
Slove
nia
Switzer
land
Norway
Latvi
a
Irelan
d
Austri
a
Polan
d
> 60
30 to 60
< 30
Socio-economic observations Socio-economic observations (a)(a)
Large variability in age class amongst private forest owners...
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Socio-economic observations Socio-economic observations (b)(b)
...often outside traditional agricultural / forestry sector
Field of occupation of individual owners (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Austri
a
Finlan
d
Franc
e
Roman
ia
Slove
nia
Switzer
land
Hunga
ry
Irelan
d
Pensioner
Outside Agriculture/Forestry
Agriculture/Forestry, total
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution1.2 Socio-Economic Observations 1.3 Trends1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Findings/TrendsFindings/Trends
Issue Findings
Holding structure
Large difference in number of national FAOs, membership of international FOAs and share of organized owners: „all“ in AT, „almost all „in FI, 1% in PL
Ownership and
increment/ fellings
Lower fellings in private forests despite often higher increment rate
Association
Restitution / Privatisation
in CEEC
Nearing completion in most countries, ongoing in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia Towards small holdings in some countries (PL, SL, CZ)
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability
2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Energy Policies, Wood Demand & Availability
UNECE/FAO Timber Section work on forest resources, wood markets and outlook
• European Forest Sector Outlook Study (EFSOS 1960-2000-2020)
• UNECE/FAO/IEA/EU Joint Wood Energy Enquiry (2006) http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/mis/energy/activities.htm
Promotion of renewable energy by EU and national governments (2020: 20)
Wood currently (2005) most important RES in EU
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Energy Policies, Wood Demand & Availability
Study “Wood Resource Availability and Demand: Implications of renewable energy policies”
Difference of 47 mil m3 between supply and consumption (2005)
Energy policies require (in EU/EFTA) + 138 mil m3 in 2010 and + 277 mil m3 in 2020
Need to mobilize more wood resource Empirical research urgently needed UNECE/FAO Policy Forum “Bioenergy policies and
targets” (10 Oct 2007)
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
OverviewOverview
1. UNECE/FAO Private Forest Ownership Enquiry1.1 Ownership Distribution1.2 Socio-Economic Observations1.3 Trends
2. Wood Availability and Mobilization2.1 Energy Policies, Wood Demand and Availability
2.2 Wood Mobilization2.2 Wood Mobilization
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
Wood Mobilization
UNECE/FAO/MCPFE/CEPI Workshop “Mobilizing Wood Resources” (January 2007) Conclusions and recommendations:
• Achieve policy coherence• Collect, make available comprehensive, reliable
information• Involve whole wood supply chain• Empower forest owners: clustering, association• Provide education and training • Develop forest infrastructure• Respect limits of SFM
http://www.unece.org/trade/timber/workshops/2007/wmw/mobilisingwood.htm
EUROFORENET Conference - 19 November 2007, Brussels
More InformationMore Information
UNECE/FAO Timber Section www.unece.org/trade/timber
Private Forest Ownership - Database & background information: www.unece.org/trade/timber/WA2.html [email protected], Tel: +41 22 917 24 80
Wood Availability and Mobilization:
www.unece.org/trade/timber/docs/tc-sessions/tc-65/policyforum/
[email protected], Tel.: +41 22 917 41 70