., I
TITANIUM '99: SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY
PROCEEDINGS IN THREE VOLUMES
CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS:
Russian Academy of Sciences
Central Research Institute of Structural Materials (CRISM) "Prometey" (St. Petersburg, Russia)
All-Russia Institute of Light Alloys (Moscow, Russia)
Titanium Association (Moscow, Russia)
St.Petersburg Mining Institute (St.Petersburg, Russia)
The Ministry of Science and Technologies of Russian Federation
Russian Materials Research Society (MRS-Russia)
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg
The Ministry of Economy of Russian Federation
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE (IOC)
Igor V. Gorynin, RUS~IA Academician, professor, Central Research Institute ~f St~ctural Materials (CR/SM) "Prometey"
.:)gorS. P_olkin, RUSSiA. Professor, "All~Russia Institute of Light Alloys" Comp.
Daniel Eylon, USA Professor, Graduate Materials Engineering, The University of Dayton
Rodney Boyer, USA Doctor, Boeing Materials Technology
Malcolm Ward-Close, UK
Professor, Structural Materials Centre
Gerd Liitjering, GERMANY Professor, Technische Universitii.t Hamburg-Harburg
Gerard Beranger, FRANCE Professor, Universite de Technologie de Compiegne
Shin-Ya Komatsu, JAPAN Professor, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kansai University
Zhou Lian, CHINA Professor, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering
Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research (NIN)
SPONSORS OF THE 9th WORLD CONFERENCE ON TITANIUM . . ., • .• ' ~· ., . ·! l ~ .' ....... ~ " .••
The Ministry of Science and Technologies of Russian Federation
The Ministry ·qf Ecoribiny of Rus'sian'Federation
INTAS (Brussels, Belgium)
Verkhnaya Salda Metallurgical Production Association (Verkhnaya Salda, Russia)
AU-Russia Institute of Light Alloys (Moscow, Russia)
JSC Baltiysky Zavod (St.Petersburg, Russia)
Russian Company for Assimilation Shelf (Moscow, Russia)
Central Research Institute of Structural Materials (CRISM) «Prometey» (St. Petersburg, Russia)
TITANIUM'99 Science and Technology
. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON TITANIUM
Central Research Institute of Structural Materials (CRISM) "PROMETEY" Saint-Petersburg, Russia
7-11June1999
Edited by
I. V. Gorynin, academician, professor
S. S. Ushkov, professor
(CR/SM "Prometey", Russia)
VOLUME Ill Pages 1275-1928
CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS (CRISM) "PROMETEY"
UDC 669.295
ABSTRACT
In the present book of papers there have been included the papers presented at the 9th World Conference on Titanium. The papers are allocated by 12 symposia; in accordance with a programme of the Conference. The text of papers is presented in the authors wording.
If you are interested in purchase of this book of papers or other publications of CRISM "Prometey", please contact us: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Fax: +7(812) 274 1426, + 7(812) 274 1707
ISBN 5-900791-09-2 (v.3) ISBN 5-900791-06-8
CRISM "Prometey" owns right of copying.
Copies of papers are given on a contractual basis.
© CRISM "Prometey", 2000
License for publishing activity JIP N-020644 issued on 13 October 1997.
Signed for printing on 28.12.1999. Book size 60x84/8. Offset paper. Offset printing. Conventional printer·s sheet 85.8. Educational-publishing sheet 79.8. Order N 3264
Make-up page print has been made in "Nauka" printing house NI of the Russian Academy of Sciences, at the address:
12, Line 9 cif Vasiljevsky Os1rov, St.Petersburg, 199034, Russia. -
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
. The 9th World Conference on Titanium was held from 7 to 11 June 1999, in the Central Research Institute of :Structural Materials "Prometey" (St.Petersburg, Russia). 1 Among those who arrived at St.Petersburg for participation in the Conference were world-acknowledged specialists, scientists, researchers, heads of research centres and institutes from CIS (332 participants), USA (17 participants), :England (9 participants), Japan (44 participants), France (28 participants), Germany (27 participants), China (22 iparticipants) and from other countries.
All in all 518 delegates from 24 countries took part in the Conference. In the present proceedings there are included 285 papers. Subject-matter of the Conference was represented by twelve symposia as follows:
: Symposium 1 Theory of Alloys and Phase Transformations
·Symposium 2 Intermetallics
' •Symposium 3 Microstructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties
. Symposium 4 Behaviour in Different Environments, Surface and Protection
Symposium 5 Aerospace Applications
: Symposium 6 Marine and Offshore Applications
' Symposium 7 ' Transport, Power Engineering, Medical and Other Applications
Symposium 8 Raw Materials, Sponge Production, Melting and Recycling
Symposium 9 Forging, Casting, Mechanical Forming and Modelling
Symposium 10 Welding and Other Joining Methods
Symposium 11 Powder Forming, Spraying, Coatings
Symposium 12 . Metal Matrix Composites
Great interest shown by many foreign companies in titanium as structural material is conditioned by its special properties: high specific strength, corrosive resistance in aggressive media, good weldability, purity of environment
1 in the course of structures operation, etc. Proceeding from tendencies of the present time it is possible to believe that titanium on the borderline of a new
millenium is becoming one of the main materials. That is why the Conference was held under the motto "Titanium -material of the century XXI''.
Materials of the Conference are of great interest for specialistS in the fields of research, design, manufacture and use of structures of titanium alloys.
It should be noted that organizers of the Conference, members of the International Organizing Committee and sponsors contributed a lot to its successful holding.
At the meeting of IOC hold on IO June 1999 there was appointed hostess country of the 10th World conference ! on titanium: in the year 2003 it will be held in Germany ..
My best wishes to Prof. G. Liitjering for successful preparing and holding a forthcoming Conference.
I. V. GORYNIN Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 9th World Conference on Titanium Director of CR/SM "Prometey" Academician of RAS, professor . . .
v
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE OF CIS
I. V. Gorynin Russia
S. S. Ushkoy Russia
V. C. Lobanov Russia ·
A. N. Petrunko Ukraine
V. V. Tetyukhin Russia
N. F. Anoshkin Russia
B. M. Shajakhmetov Republic of Kazakhstan
V. I. Trefilov Ukraine
A. I. Guljakin Russia
V. R. Souljaguin Russia
R. I. Gusev Russia
V. S. Litvinenko Russia·
A. I. Glotov Russia
0. M. Ivasichin Ukraine
V. V. Telin Ukraine
PROGRAM COMMITTEE OF CIS
S.S. Ushkov
A. S. Koudriavtsev
B. B. Chechulin
I. S. Polkin
I. N. Beloglazov
S. V. Aleksandrovskij
V.N.Zamkov
V. N: Anokhin
A. N. Stroshkov
A. I. Khorev
A. A. Ilyin
B. A. Kolachev
Eu. A. Gorin
Administrative group - B. G. Oushakov·
VI
CONTENTS
PLENARY PAPERS*
Production, Research and Application of Titanium in the CIS I. V. Gorynin
Present Situation of Research and Development of Titanium in China Zhou Lian, Deng Ju, Luo Guozhen
The Titanium Industry in Japan - the Present and the Future Yasuyuki Shimizu
Titanium Developments in the UK C. M. Ward-Close
State of Titanium in the USA - the First 50 Years D. Eyton, S. R. Seagle
THEORY OF ALLOYS AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
IO
19
27
37
Development Perspectives of Titanium Alloys 48 V. N. Moiseev, N. V. Syisoyeva
About the Purposefulness of Comparision of Titanium Alloys in Terms of Aluminium and Molyb-denum Equivalents 53 B. A. Kolachev, A. A. Ilyin, V. A. Volodin, D. V. Ryndenkov
Modelling of Beta Transus Temperature in Titanium Alloys Using Thermodynamic Calculation and Neural Networks 61 Zhanli Guo, Wei Sha
Hard Alpha Phase Stability in Nitrided Ti-64 and Ti-17 69 B. P. Bewlay, M. F. X. Gigliotti
Mechanisms ofMartensite Formation and Tempering in Titanium Alloys and Their Relationship to Me-chanical Property Development 77 0. M. lvasishin, H. M. Flower, G. Ltitjering
Structural and Phase Transformations in Cold Strained Ultra-Fine Grained 1itanium Alloys 85 N. A. Drozdova, I. Yu. Pyshmintsev, A. A. Popov
Investigation of Dynamic Recrystallization on Two-Phase Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V 93 K. Kubiak, W. Ziaja, J. Sieniawski
Phase Transformation in Binary Titanium-Base Alloys with Metals of Groups I, IV-VIII of the Periodic Table 97 A. V. Dobromyslov
Phase Transformations ofTi-6.8 Mo-4.5 Fe-1.5Al · 107 F. Prima, P. Vennaut, D. Ansel, M. Boliveau, H. Francillette, J. Debuigne
Role of the Phase Diagrams for Development Titanium Alloys Yu. K. Kovneristy, P. B. Budberg
115
* At the conference there were made the following reports: Titanium Alloys Research and Development in France and Tomorrow J. Schmuck (TIMET Savoie, France) and Current and Future Activities in Research, Development and Application in Germany C. Liesner (litan-Aluminium-Feinguss GmbH, Gennany), however these reports were not presented in written fonn for publication.
VII
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Carbides and Borides in Titanium Alloys Prepared by Rapid Quenching from the Melt 124 N. V. Syisoyeva, V. N. Moiseev, S. G. Glazunov
Hydrides and Eutectoid Transformation Products in Ti-H Alloys 129 C. B. Zhang, Q. Kang, Z. H. Lai
Stability Studies of the &.Nitride Phase in the Ternary System Ti-Zr-N at 1350° C 134 E. Etchessahar, J.P. Bars, J. Debuigne
Effect of Carbon on a Precipitation and Tensile Properties of~ TiVCrAI Alloys 141 Y. G. Li, P. Blenkinsop, M. H. Loretto, D. Rugg, W. Voice
Analysis of the Role of Plastic Deformation on the Transformation Kinetics of the Metastable ~-Cez Titanium Alloy 149 E. Laude, E. Gautier, D. Delannoy, P. Archambault
Relation between Athermal ro Phase and Isothenilal ro Phase in~ Ti-V Alloys 157 M. Ikeda, S. Komatsu, T. Sugimoto, Y. Shibao
Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Evolution of a Phase Morphology in ~ Titanium Alloys 1 ~4 A. Bhattacharjee, Vydehi A. Joshi, S.M. Hussain, A.K. Gogia
A Statistical EPMA Method for Characterizing Fine Scale Chemical Heterogeneities in Non-Equilib-rium Microstructure of ~ Metastable Ti-Alloys 172 T. Grosdidier, M. J. Philippe
Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Two New Beta-Titanium Alloys 180 I. Thibon, D. Ansel, J. Debuigne
Ageing of Deformed Alloys VT221, Ti-10-2-3 with Hydrogen 186 A. G. Illarionov, A. A. Popov, M. Yu. Kollerov, A. V. Korelin
Attempts to Improve Mechanical. Properties of ~-Titanium Alloys Due to Two Step Aging 194 E. Sukedai, J. Okuhara, W. F. Xu, C. Ouchi
Premartensitic Behavior of the Supersaturated Beta Phase in Ti Alloys 20 I B. H. Choe, B. H. Lee, J. H. Choi, S. E. Kim, S. J. Kim, Y. T. Lee
Formation of Martensite and Superelasticity in the ~-Cez Titanium Alloy 209 T. Grosdidier, M. J. Philippe
Influence of Atmospheric Impurity on Low-Temperature Decomposition Nonequilibrium Solid Solu-tions in Titanium Alloys 216 M.A. Skotnikova, V. I. Syshchikov, S. S. Ushkov
Study of Metastable ~-Phase Decomposition during Isothermal Treatment in the VT35 Titanium Alloy 223 D. A. Pumpiansky, A. G. Illarionov, A. A. Popov
Study of 0-Phase Formation at the Super-<Xi·Alloy Ageing 231 S. L. Demakov, LS. Stepanov, V. D. Kibalnik ·
Formation <:I'- and ro-Phases in the Ti-Os Alloys 239 A. V. Dobromyslov, V. A. Elkin ·
The Features of the Formation of the Non-Equilibrium Phases in the Titanium-Copper Alloys 247 A. V. Dobromyslov, N. V. Kazantseva c •
Hardening of Titanium Alloys Using Concentrated Energy Flows 253 A. I. Gordienko, V. V. Ivashko
INTERMETALLICS Gamma Alloy Technology 1999 259 D. M. Dimiduk, P. A. Mcquay, Y.-W. Kim
Gamma-Based Titanium Aluminide Sheet and Foil Structures for Use in High Temperature Aero-space Environments 269 R. Leholm, H. Clemens, H. Kestler, P. Bartolotta
Effects of Ternary Additions on the Properties of Gamma TiAI Alfo,rs: Site Preference, Phase Stabili-sation and Mechanical Behaviour 278 R. Yang, Y.L.Hao,D.Li
VIII
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Structural Aspects of Heat Treatment Dependence of Tensile Properties of Gamma Ti-AI-Based Alloy 285 N. F. Anoshkin, G. V. Shakhanova, T. R. Smirnova
Alpha Phase Decomposition during Continuous Cooling in Ti48Al2Cr2Nb Alloys with and without Boron Addition 290 D. Hu, P.A. Blenkinsop, M. H. Loretto
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Prealloyed PIM Ti-22AI-27Nb S. Emura, M. Hagiwara
Development of New Orthorhombic (Ti2SAl25Nb)/SiC Intermetallic Composites for Advanced
298
Space Applications 306 J. Coleta, J. Goni, C. Ortiz, Y. Lepetitcorps, G. Ramusat
TEM Study of the Pyramidal Slip Dislocations in Ti3AI Single Crystals 313
Y. Minonishi
Structure and Properties of Intermetallic TiAl(Cr, Mo, Si) Alloys for Lightweight Engine Parts 320 S. Knippscheer, G. Frommeyer
Hydrides in Thermally Charged Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo Alloy 328 L.Dong,C.B.Zhang,L.L.He
Phase Transformation in the Ti-24%AI-12.5%Nb Alloy 332 S. L. Demakov, L. S. Stepanov, A. A. Popov
Anomalies of Deformation Behaviour of TiAI Intermetallic 339 B. A. Greenberg, M.A. Ivanov, 0. V. Antonova
Formation of Structure and Mechanical Properties ofVTI-1 Alloy during Deformation and Heat Treatment 347 G. A. Bochvar, L. A. Bykova, L. P. Nikolaeva
Recrystallization and Texture in a y/a2 TiAI Intermetallic Alloy
Y. Hersart, C. Quesne, T. Baudin, R. Penelle
MICROSTRUCTURE, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
355
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys 363 J. -Albrecht, G. Liitjering
Relationship between Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Parameters ofThermomechanical Pro-cessing under Complex Loading Conditions in Titanium Alloy THi.SAI-3.SMo-1.6Zr-0.2Si 375 0. A. Kaibyshev, V. K. Berdin, M. V. Karavaeva, R. M. Kashaev, L. A. Syutina
Influence of Hot Deformation and Heat Treatment Regimes on Structure and Mechanical Proper· ties of Titanium Alloy VT22 383 I. V. Levin, L.A. Smolyakova, G. A. Salishchev
Processing, Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6246 390 C. Sauer, G. Liitjering
Compositional Effects on Dynamic and Static Fracture Properties ~f Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys in Re-search Heats · 398 R.. W. Judy, I. L. Caplan, M.A. Imam, B. B. Rath
Analysis of Compositional Effects on Fracture and Stress Corrosion Cracking Properties of Titanium Alloys in Heavy Section Sizes · 406 R. W. Judy, I. L. Caplan, M.A. Imam, B. B. Rath
Decomposition of Nonequilibrium Solid Solutions and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys 414 M. A. Skotnikova, S. S. Ushkov
Assessment and Characterisation of Advanced Titanium Alloys in Non~standard 422 A. R. Coleman, P. A. Blenkinsop, P. Bowen
Effect of Heat Treatment on Strength Properties of 1\vo-Phase Titanium Alloys with Lamellar Micro-structure ' · · 428 R. Filip, J Sieniawski, K. Kubiak, W. Szkliniarz
IX
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Microcrack Propagation in the LCF- and HCF-Regime in Ti-6Al-4V J. A. Hines, J .. o. Peters, G. Li.itjering
Influence of Grain Size and Cooling Rate on the Fatigue Performance of Titanium Alloys · 0. M. Ivasishin, G. Li.itjering ·
Cyclic Stress-Strain Response of High-Temperature Titanium Alloy IMI 834 under Thermomechanical
433
441
Fatigue Conditions 450 H.J. Maier, S. Hardt, P. Pototzky, H.-J. Christ
Cyclic Deformation Mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with a Widmanstiitten Microstructure 458 J. M. Manero, F. X. Gil, J. A. Planell
Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Titanium Alloys Processed Using Severe Plastic Deformation 466 V. V. Stolyarov, L. 0. Shestakova, A. I. Zharikov, V. V. Latysh, R. Z. Valiev, Y. T. Zhu, T. Lowe
Changes in Mechanical Properties ofT"i-6Al-4V ELI and Pure Titanium during Fatigue Failure Process 473 T. Akahori, M. Niinomi, K. Fukunaga
Ghost Structure Effect on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth in a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy K. Le Biavant, S. Pommier, C. Prioul
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hammer Forged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al W. Horvath, G. Weber
The Hydrogen Effect on Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy at Different Parameters of
481
487
Cyclic Loading 493 B. A. Kolachev, V. V. Sadkov, B. B. Bylov, S. V. Hlopov
Development of Beta-Titanium Alloys 499 Zhang Zhu, Hui Songxiao, Ye Wenjun, Zhang Shuqi
Rapid Heat Treatment ofTIMETAL® LCB Alloy 505 0. M. Ivasishin, P. E. Markovsky, P. G. Allen, D. G. Sawakin, Yu. V. Matviychuk
Effects of Deformation and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of ~-Processed Forging of Ti-5Al-2Sn~2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17) 513 T. Kida, H. Ohyama, S. Ishigai, S. Masaki, T. Ikushima
Serviceability of Alloy VT35 at Strength of 1200-1500 MPa 521 V. L. Rodionov, T. V. Ishunkina, E. S. Lebedeva
Effect of Heat Treatment on Tensile Behaviour of Ti-:10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy 529 A. Bhattacharjee, Vydehi A. Joshi, A.K. Gogia ·
Microstructure and Tensile Behaviour of a Low Cost Beta Alloy 537 A. Bhattacharjee, Vydehi A. Joshi, A.K. Gogia
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys with Bi-Lamellar Microstructures 545 G. Schroeder, J. Albrecht, G. Li.itjering
Fracture Toughness and Crack Propagation Behavior of Ti-15-3 Alloy 553 Hong Quan, Luo Guozhen, Wu Yiqin
Aging Response of New near Beta Titanium Alloy Ti-Bl9 557 H. Chang, J. Chen
Influence of Silicides on the Formation of Structure and Properties of High-Temperature Titanium Based Alloys 563 A. A. Popov, N. A. Drozdova, 0. A. Elkina, A. V. Trubochkin .. . ..
Cracking Behaviors of a Thermal Resistant Titanium Alloy Containing Rare Ear.th Nd Zhishou Zhu, Ji min Ma, Yang <?ao, Chunxiao Cao, Minggao Yan
Creep Failure Mechanisms in a Ti-6Al-4V Ailoy F. J. Seco, A. M. Irisarri
Recent Developments in the Ambient Temperature Creep Deformation Behavior of Two-Phase
571
577
Titanium Alloys 585 S. Ankem, C. A. Greene
x
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Creep Behaviour at Elevated Temperature in Ti-SS HighTemperature Titanium Alloy J. F. Lei, D. Li, Z. G. Wang, Z. Q. Hu
Effect of Ni, Fe and Primary Alpha on the Creep of Alpha-Beta Processed and Annealed
592
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mt>-0.9Si 596 P. A. Russo, K. 0. Yu
Creep of Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr Alloy and Numerical Modelling 604 W. Ziaja, J. Sieniawski
Plastic Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V at Cryogenic Temperatures 608 A. Ambard, L. Guetaz, L. Briottet, X. Baillio, D. Guichard
The Effect of P-Stabilizing Elements on the Tensile Strain Behavior of Single a-Type Ti-Alloys AT 20K 616 Yang Guanjun, Cai Xuezhang, Du Yu, Zhang Weifeng, Deng Ju, Zhou Lian
Internal Crack Initiation in High-Cycle Fatigue of a Ti-Fe-0 Alloy at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature 622 H. Yokoyama, 0. Umezawa, K. Nagai, T. Suzuki, K. Kokubo
The Influence of Hydrogen Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6242 630 A. Ilyin, A. Mamonov, J. Albrecht, G. Liltjering
Hydrogen-Induced Cracking in P Titanium Alloys 637 A. Nozue, K. Endo, S. Tateishi, T. Okubo
Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Alpha-Titanium Alloy without (Ti40) and with Hydrides (Ti40H) 643 I. Guillot, X. Feaugas, M. Clave!
Submicrocrystalline Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Structure and Mechanical Properties 651 G. A. Salichshev, R. M. Galeyev, 0. A. Valiakhmetov, S. V. Zherebtsov, S. Yu. Mironov, S. P. Malysheva, A. M. Smyslov, E. V. Safin
Development of High Elastic Modulus and High Strength Titanium Alloys 659 Wang Xizhe, Zhang Zhihui, Hui Songxiao, Shang Shunli, Bai Kewu, Shen Jianyun
The Ti-0.2Pd Alloys Properties Improvement through Heat Treatments 665 A. Forn, J. A. Picas, F. J. Gil
The Strength & Ductility of Textured Ti-Alloys 673 A. A. Ilyin, S. Ya. Betsofen, L. A. Bunin
The Superplastic Behaviour of Gas Atomised and Mechanically Milled Ti-6Al-4V Powder 679 T. M. T. Godfrey, A. Wisbey, P. S. Goodwin, C. M. Ward-Close, A. Brown, R. Brydson, C. Hammond
Cyclic Performance of a TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Spring 687 MiXujun
High Temperature Deformation Mechanism of Ti-40 Burning Resistant Titanium Alloy 691 Zhao Yongqing, Zhou Lian, Deng Ju
Anisotropy Parameter Evaluation in Textured Titanium Alloy Sheets 698 V. N. Serebryany, R. G. Koknaev
Investigation of Structure and Texture State of Marine Titanium Pseudo-a-Alloys 705 S. S. Ushkov, V. N. Kopylov, Y. N. Rasuvaeva
The Effect of Ni, Fe and Si on the Creep of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo 713 P. A. Russo, K. 0. Yu
Investigation on Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Ti-2Al-2.SZr Alloy Tube and Rod 721 Yu Zhentao, Deng Ju, Zhou Lian
Deformation and Fracture of Titanium Alloys under Shock Loading and Their Micromechanisms 727 S. A. Atroshenko, D. M. Olenin, S. N. Khomov
The Effect of Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Mechanical and Damping Properties of TiNi-Base Alloys 735 A. S. Fainbron, S. Yu. Lukyanichev
Substructure of Titanium Alloys after Cyclic Heat Treatment W. Szkliniarz
XI
739
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Investigation ofTi-SAl-2.SSnELI and T'1-SAl-2;5ZrELI Used at Cryogenic Temperature 747 Liu Yaxiu, Qian Dongfan, Gao Baodong, Wang Jiangbo
Assessment of the Influence of Stresses on the Course of the Phase Transformation Process' in VT 22 Alloy 753 N. I. Moder, G. V. Savvatyeyeva, G. A. Bondaruk
Characterization of Accumulated Fatigue Damage in Ti-6Al-4V Plate Material 760 J. Stojak-Maurer, J. Frouin, S. Sathish, T. Matikas, D. Eylon
TEM Study of Ultra Fine-grained Microstructures within Different Zones of Ti-Ti Explosive Weld 768 E. V. Nesterova, V. V. Rybin
BEHAVIOUR IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS, SURFACE AND PROTECTION
Physicochemical Aspects of Surface Hardening of Titanium Alloys V. M. Fedirko, A. T. Pichuhin, I. M. Pohreliuk
Relationship between Surface Morphology of Anodized film and Photocatalytic Property in Some
775
Binary Titanium Alloys with Surface Treatment 783 T. Yasunaga, F. Kamikubo, S. Yamada, Y. Ito, A. Kushibe, T. Ogawa, T. Hasegawa, T. Saitoh, S. Ohno, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima
On the Surface Properties of Titanium Containing Materials 787 I. B. Ban'kovskaja, G. N. Gorbatova, M. P. Syomov
Antibacterial and Deodorizing Performances of a Photocatalytic Titanium Alloy 793 A. Kushibe, T. Oga~a. T. Hasegawa, T. Saitoh, S. Ohno, T. Yasunaga, F. Kamikubo, S. Yamada,Y. Ito, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima
A Comparison of Commercially Pure Titanium Produced According to the America~ ASTM Grade 2 and the Russian GOST VTl-0 Standards 799 L. Lunde, H. B. Nordvik, M. Seiersten
On Mechanism of Hydrogen Interaction with Titanium at Pressures up to 150 MPa Yu. I. Archakov, T. D. Aleferenko, A. D. Plotnikov
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Investigation of Low Pressure Hydrogen Absorption by the Titanium Alloys
807
Ti-6Al-4V 813 T. Grogler, E. Z.eiler, W. Auer, C. Mayerhofer, S. M. Rosiwal,'R. F. Singer
Influence of Environment, Mean Stress and Temperature on the Low-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of a Near-yTitanium Aluminide 820 F. 0. R. Fischer, H.J. Maier, H.-J. Christ
Metallographic Preparation of Titanium and Its Alloys G. F. Vander Voort
The Effect of Micro Surface-Morphology on Spatial Distribution of Specular Glossiness of Architec-
828
tural Titanium Sheets · · 835 Mitsuo Ishii, Tatsuo Yamazaki, Isamu Takayama
Erosion and Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Refractory Titanium Alloys 843 N. A. Nochovnaya, V. A. Shulov, M. V. Vinogradov, A. F. Lvov, A. V. Baranovskiy
The Influence of Nb and Hf on the Oxidation Behaviour of 'Y· TiAI Alloys 856 M. J. Lunt, U. Singh, A. Partridge
Laser Oxidation of Titanium Alloys 863 V. V. Rybin, E. V. Andronov, A. E. Vainennan, V. N. Goldfine, S. N. Khomov, V. N. Startsev, B. D. Kalganov, · V. 0. Popov, V. P. Kulik, M. M. Pronin
Oxidation Resistant Ti-Al-( Cr) Coatings for Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides· 866 C. Leyens, M. Peters, W. A. Kaysser
Grazing Angle XRD on Ion-nitrided Ti6Al4V Components M. Leoni, P. Scardi, B. Tesi, T. Bacci
XII
876
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Diamond Coatings - a New Approach for Wear Protection of Titanium Alloys 884 E. Zeiler, T. Grogler, G. Heinrich, S. M. Rosiwal, R. F. Singer
Wear Behaviour of THiAl-4V Alloy Treated by Means of Plasma Oxidizing and Nitriding Treatments 892 T. Bacci, F. Borgioli, E. Galvanetto, G. Pradelli, B. Tesi
A Method for Scanning the Reaction Behaviour of Ti-X Alloys (X = Mo, Nb, V, Zr) with Hot Gazes. Example of Nitriding 900 A. Guillou, J.P. Bars, D. Ansel, J. Debuigne
Improvement of Hardness and Wear Resistance of Titanium and Ti6Al4V by Nitrogen Diffusion 908 D. Rodrriguez, F. J. Gil, J. M. Manero, J. A. Planell, C. Fonseca, M. Barbosa
Surface Processing of Titanium Alloy Parts by Intense Electron Beams 914 N. A. Nochovnaya, V. A. Shulov, V. I. Engelko, G. Mueller, G. Schumacher, M. V. Vinogradov, A. E. Lvov
Application of Color Metallographic Techniques to Study the Microstructure of Titanium Alloys 922 J. Radzikowska, J. Stachanczyk
Fatigue Microstructures in Titanium Cyclically Stressed in Inert Environment 933 N. Ismarrubie Zahari, M. Sugano, T. Satake
Chemical Resistance of Titanium in Glass Melts 939 I. B. Ban'kovskaja, M. P. Syomov
Effect of Ion-Nitriding on the Rolling-Sliding Wear of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy 945 G. Straffelini, B. Tesi, A. Molinari, T. Bacci
Influence of Various Factors on the Oxigen Diffusion Layer Formation in Titanium Alloys 952 V. I. Dyachkov, V. I. Syshchikov
Problems of Corrosion Resistance Rising for High-Strength Titanium Alloys by Directional Alloying of Surface 960 V. F. Shcherbinin, J. D. Khesin
Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Alloy PT· 7M in Hot Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions 964 Yu. Titov, B. Smimov
Effect of the Surface Layer Formed by Laser O.xidation on Fracture Mechanics of Titanium Alloys 971 E. V. Andronov, A. E. Vainerman, V. N. Startsev, B. D. Kalganov, M. M. Pronin, J. D. Khesin, A. A. Gorbakon, V. 0. Popov
Assessment of Prospective Titanium Alloys with Enhanced Corrosion Resistance for Operation in Sea Water, Power, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 975 N. I. Kirichenko, G. A. Dyldina
A Research of High-Temperature Salt Attack of Semiproducts from a2, (a+~)- and~-Titanium Alloys De-
pending on the Structural State ·· 978 V. S. Sinyavsky, V. V. Usova, G. A. Dyldina, 1. V. Levin
Method of Surface Hardening of Titanium Alloys Operating under Friction Conditions 986 G. K. Ivanov, N. A. Koshkina, V. P. Kulik, S. N. Khomov
Cracks Development in Ti-Alloys on the Influence of Hydrogen Environment and Dissolved Hydrogen 992 A. V. Fishgoit
A Ti-Based pH Electrode Treated by Ion Bombardment 1003 Lu Dikang, Liang Zhen Feng, Feng Darning
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
Evolving Aerospace Applications for Ti Alloys R.R. Boyer, J.C. Williams, N. E. Paton
Aero-Engine Applications: Present and Future , A. Vassel, J. Y. Guedou
Non-Destructive Lifetime Evaluation for Air-Space Application A. A. Ilyin, S. Ya. Betsofen, L. A. Bunin, V. F. Sevasteenko
XIII
1007
1017
1027
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Burning Behavior of Titanium Alloys and Burn-Resistant Mechanism of Burn Resistant Titanium Alloy 1034 Zhao Yongqing, Zhou Lian, Deng Ju
Analysis on Burning Mechanism of Titanium Alloys Zhao Yongqing, Zhou'Lian, Deng Ju
Processes and Properties of Ti-Al-Cu Burn-Resistant Alloys Zhu Kangying, Zhao Yongqing, Qu Heng1ei, Wu Zhi1e, Zhao Xiangmiao
MARINE AND OFFSHORE APPLICATIONS
Marine Application of Titanium S. S. Ushkov, J. D. Khesin, N. V. Suvorov
The Use of Titanium in the Offshore Industry L. Lunde, M. Seiersten
Titanium Risers for Offshore Oil and Gas Production - Fatigue Considerations S. Berge
1040
10~5
1050
1058
1064
Use of Design of Experiments for Evaluating Fatigue Crack Growth Properties of an Titanium Alloy Intended for Dynamic Risers · 1073 Morten A. Lang9Jy, Stuart R. Stock
Fractographic and Metallographic Investigation of Microstructure Sensitive Fatigue Crack Growth for Ti-6Al-4V-0.1Ru in Air and Sea Water 1081 Morten A. Lang9Jy, Stuart R. Stock
Use of Titanium as Material of Construction for Improved Performance of Pumps in Sea Water Appli-cations 1090 Annemette Riis
Study and Application of Ti-31 Alloy for Ships and Marine Environment 1097 Hu Yaojun, Chen Jun, Liu Guozong, Pan Zhiqiang
Designing Peculiarities of Power Equipment Details of Titanium Alloys 1 102 L. Lysenco, V. Travin
Alloys of Tifanium in Comparison with Other Propeller Alloys for High-Speed Vessels 1108 S.S. Ushkov, Yu. A. Fi1in ·
Life Time of Castings Made of Titanium Alloys in Sea Water 1114 S. S. Ushkov, Yu. A. Fi1in, N. F. Molchanova, Yu. K: Okunev
New Titanium Alloy Development and Tube Manufacture for Offshore Oil and _Gas Production 1119 V. V. Tetyukhin, V. G. Smirnov, A. V. Fyodorov, A. V. Safianov
About Designing Experience of Submarines and Deep Submersibles from Bureau "Malachite" · V. V. Kry1ov, U. K. Mineev
Titanium Alloys .in 1125
TRANSPORT, POWER ENGINEERING, MEDICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS
Corrosion Resistance, MechaniCal Properties, Corrosion Fatigue Strength and Biocompatibility of New Ti Alloys without V for Medical Implants 1135 Y. Okazaki, Y. Ito, E. Nishimura
Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Fracture Micromechanisms of Neutron Irradiated Titanium Alpha-Alloys ''.·: 1151 0. A. Kozhevnikov, E. V. Nesterova, V. V. Rybin,.I. I. Yaimo1ovich
The Size of Titanium Market in Future T. Nishimura
1160
The Mechanical and Ballistic Properties of Electron Beam Cold-Hearth Single-Melt Ti-6Al-4V Plate 1163 M. Wells, M.S. Burkins". J.C. Fanning, B. Roopchand
Ballistic Evaluation of TIMETA°L ® 6-4 Plate for Protection against Armor Piercing Projectiles. 1171 J.C. Fanning
XIV
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Experience in Application of Titanium for Gas Scrubbing Units and Chimneys 1179 V. V. Tetyukhin, S. V. Anan'in, I.E. Shashkova, 0. P. Kotchetkov
Effect of Zr Addition on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ti-Zr Alloy 1182 A. Kuroda, Y. Imamura
Tailored Composite Titanium-Based Biomaterials 1187 J. Breme, V. Biehl, T. Wack, E. Eisenbarth
Mechanical Performance of Newly Developed ~-Type Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Use 1195 Mitsuo Niinomi, Daisuke Kuroda, Kei-ichi Fukunaga, Hisao Fukui, Yoshihisa Kato, Toshiaki Yashiro, Akihiro Suzuki, Jiro Hasegawa
Electronic Structure Simulation of Modulus and Strength of ~-Type Bio-Titanium Allors 1202 Y. Song, R. Yang, D. Li, W. T. Wu, Z. X. Guo
Osteoblast Cell Response to Commercially Pure Titanium Implants Blasted with Different Particles 1207 C. Aparicio, F. J. Gil, C. Peraire, A. Padros, J. A. Planell
Application of Titanium and Titanium Alloys in Dental lmplantology 1211 E. N. Kozlov, V. V. Tetyukhin
Comparison between the Mechanical Behaviour of Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-Cu Shape Memory Alloys Used for Orthodontic Applications 1215 F. J. Gil, J. A. Planell
Production and Application Features of Implants from Nitinol with the Shape Memory Effect 1223 A. Ilyin, M. Kollerov, D. Gusev, E. Davydov, R. Gazzani
Process Design for the Manufacture of Bars from Commercial Titanium for the Fabrication oflmplants and Application Experience 1230 V. S. Dushin, V. G. Korobshchikov, I. V. Levin, L. G. Kurotchkina, K. M. Sherepo, N. A. lofis
Metal Structures in Titanium for Immersion Osteosynthesis E. N. Kozlov, V. V. Tetyukhin
Application of Titanium Alloys in Manufacturing Power and Chemical Heat Exchanging Equipment at
1234
Joint-Stock Company VSMPO 1238 V. V. Tetyukhin, N. V. Tshinnikov, V. I. Ustinov, L. N. Nelaev
Titanium Devices and Structures for External Osteosynthesis E. N. Kozlov, D. V. Tetyukhin
Fracture Characteristics of Dental Precision Castings of Pure Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V H. Fukui, K. Narita, M. Niinomi, S. Takahashi, K. Fukunaga, J. Hasegawa
Comparisons and Application to Promote the Use of the Metal Natalia Beketova
New Application of Titanium and Its Alloys in the Civil and Industrial Fields Alessandro Fabroni
Titanium in the Art of the XXI Century V. V. Gorin
RAW MATERIALS, SPONGE PRODUCTION, MELTING AND RECYCLING
Research Activities on Cost Effective Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys in Japan Y. Kawabe
Titanium Raw Materials of the Kola Peninsula-Outlooks for Utilization V. T. Kalinnikov, A. I. Nikolaev
Outlook for Titania Slag Production in CIS Countries A. N. Petrunko, V. P. Pechenkin, V. V. Telin
Improvement of the Process and Apparatus in Production of Titanium Tetrachloride A. I. Gulyakin, V. I. Mukliev, I. A. Karimov
xv
1245
1247
1253
1259
1268
1275
1283
1290
1296
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Study on Mathematical Modelling of Fluidized Bed without.Perforated-Plate for Producing TiCl4
and Its Industrial Applications 1300 Wangguang Wen
Technical Re-Equipment of Zaporozhye Titanium and Magnesium Plant on the Basis of Improved Me-tallothermal Equipment 1306 V. V. Telin, V. P. Murashov, V. N. Slivin, A. N. Petrunko, N. A. Pampushko, A. E. Andreev
Technology of Titanium Shaving Briquetting K. B. Abramova, S. D. Samujlov, Yu. A. Filin
1311
Production of Titanium Sponge Ingots with Increased Chlorine Content 1321 Yu. V. Latash, I. V. Sheiko, M. L. Zhadkevich, V. S. Konstantinov, A. N. Petrunko, A. E. Andreev, A. Ya. Daynega, V. V. Telin, L. Ya. Shwartzman
Investigations on Reduction of the Nitride in Titanium Sponge_ 1326 0. A. Putina, A. A. Putin, A. I. Gulyakin, A. A. Zinina, N. P. Belokopytov, D. A. Rymkevich
Development of Processes for Titanium Sponge Grinding 1328 A. N Petrunko, G. A. Narushin, A. E. Andreev, V. I. Savenko, V. P. Murashov, A. P. Egorov
Spectrophotometric Check of the Presence of Surface Defects on Spongy Titanium Pieces 1334 Yu. S. Levin, A. E. Andreev, L. G. Terekhova, V. I. Savenko, A. I. Semyonov
Magnesium-Thermal Process of Spongy Ti-Nb Alloys and Their Application 1339 A. A. Putin, 0. A. Putina, P. G. Detkov, A. B. Chub, A. A. Zinina
Magniethermic Synthesis of Refractory Compounds of Titanium 1342 S. V. Aleksandrovskij, V. M. Sizyakov, A. H. Ratner, M. B. Geilikman
Casting of Titanium Slabs in the Scull Furnace 134 7 V. N. Chubarov, I. S. Polkin
Development of Macrostructure in Titanium and Its Alloys Ingots under Different Conditions 1361 M. I. Musatov, A. Sh. Fridman
Refinement of Titanium Alloys Using ARC Hearth Melting 1366 V. V. Tetyukhin, M. I. Musatov, P. S. Altman, V. V. Savyeliev
Electron Beam Melting of Titanium 1372 B. E. Paton, N. P. Trigub, S. V. Akhonin
ESR for Titanium: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow 1385 B. E. Paton, B. I. Medovar, M. G. Benz, R.H. Nafziger, L.B. Medovar
Use of Electron Beam Skull Melting with Electromagnetic Stirring of Melt for the Titanium Alloy Cas-tings Production 1399 S. Ladokhin, N. Levitsky, A. Koshelap
Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melt of Titanium and Its Alloys V. Fedorov, N. Lashuk, V. Schekin-Krotov, V. Trefilov, A. Minakova, N. Minakov, V. Minakov
Electric-Slag Smelting with Magnetic Control (MEM) Ya. Yu. Kompan, V. N. Minakov, V. I. Trefilov
Direct Oxygen Removal and Anticontamination Treatment of Titanium Toru H. Okabe, Yoshiaki Umetsu
Microstructural Characterization an~ Reaction Mechanisms of the Interface between Titanium and
1406
1411
1417
Zirconia 1425 Kun-Fung Lin, Chien-Cheng Lin, K. Y. Niel, Y. L. Lin, C. P. Chang
Properties of Low Cost TiAI Automotive Valves Produced by Cold Wall Induction Melting and Perma-nent Mold Centrifugal Casting · 1433 M. Blum, A. Choudhury, G. Jarczyk, H. Scholz, P. Busse, G. Frommeyer, S. Knippscheer, H.J. Laudenberg, K. Segtrop
The Use of Mathematical Models to Determine Parameters Minimizing the Volatilization Losses in the Elec-tron Beam Melting Process 1442 J. P. Bellot, H. Duval, M. Ritchie, D. Ablitzer
XVI
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
VSMPO-AVISMA,Status and Growth Perspectives V. V. Telyukhin, A. N. Slroshkov
Obtainment of Titanium Dioxide during Integrated Processing of Titanium Magnetites from Coastal and
1450
Shelf Deposits 1453 Alizadeh Zaur Islamovich
Distribution of Radionuclides of the Uranium and Thoriu~ Series in the Process of the Thermal Smelting 1460 S. M. Grashchenko, Z. G. Grilchenko, L. V. Shishkunova, D.S. Abramov, V. V. Bulatov, lu. P. Kudryavskii, z.· F. Trapeznikov
The Behaviour of the Titanium Dioxide in the Slag Melts I. Yu. Archakov, S. I. Shornicov, T. Yu. Tchemekova, M. M. Shultz
Thermodynamic Properties of the Melts, Containing Titanium Dioxide S. l. Shornicov, I. Yu. Archakov, M. M. Shultz
The Design Optimization of Gas-Lift Chlorinator for Chlorination of the Titaniferous Raw Material
1464
1469
in the Chlorides Melt · 1474 I. A. Karimov, V. I. Mukliev
Investigations on Improvement of Titanium Sponge Production S. V. Ogurtsov, 0. A. Putina, A. A. Pulin
1480
Testing of Pilot Samples with Gasdynamic Coatings under Conditions of Titanium Sponge Productions 1483 N. P. Nechaev, A. I. Kashirin, A. V. Shalarilov, D. A. Rymkevich, S. M. Shilov ·
Study of the Possibility of Ferrotitanium Production from Ilmenite Concentrate in ESR Furnace 1486 V. M. Sokolov, Yu. N. Voitenkov,·v. G. Lisenko, V. D. Babyuk
The Morphology of Crystallization Front and Its Effect on Structure Formation and Ingot Composition of Pseudo-Alpha-Titanium Alloys Produced by Vacuum Arc Remelting Proces.s 1492 S.S. Ushkov, E. A. Karasev, A. S. Koudriavtsev
Peculiarities of Process of Magnetically-Controlled Electroslag Melting (MEM) of Titanium Alloys 1500 Ya. Yu. Kompan, I. V. Protokovilov
"Active Slag" ESR Refining of Titanium Alloys for Dissolution of Nitrogen-Rich Inclusions 1507 A. D. Riabtsev, 0. V. Tarlov, V. V. Pashinsky, M. G. Benz, L. C. Perocchi, V. N. Radchenko
Titanium Production by Magnesiothermic Redudion of TiC14
through an Electronically Mediated Reaction (EMR) 1515 T. Uda, T. H. Okabe, Y. Waseda
Application of Titanium Sponge Screenings for Obtaining Titanium Carbide and Carbidic Steel 1523 G. A. Kolobov, A. V. Drozdenko, V. I. Drozdenko
Magnetically-Controlled Electroslag Melting (MEM) of Aviation Alloys 1529 Ya. Yu. Kompan, I. V. Protokovilov, V. N. Moiseev
. . ' Some Aspects of Production Process for Titanium Alloys with the Specified Physical an4 Chemical Pro- · perties · · 1534
P. S. Altman, M. 0. Leder
Numeric Analysis of Thermophysical Model of Consumable Electrode Vacuum-arc Melting Process 1538 P. S. Altman, Y. A. Nasyirov, A. Trubin, M. I. Musatov
Status of Titanium Cold Hearth Melting 1541 E_ldon Poulsen, William Chinnis, Matt Mede
Influence of Some Thermodynamic Factors on Processes of Aluminium Evaporation in Case of Vacuum Arc Melting of Titanium Alloys 1545 A. L. Bereslavski, N. V. Boudrov, E. A. Karasev
Quality of Production Ingots, Billets and Forgings in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al V. V. Telyukhin, I. V. Levin, A. S. Shibanov, I. Yu. Puzakov, P. S. Altman
XVII
1548
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FORGING, CASTING, MECHANICAL FORMING AND MODELLING
Design of Thermomechanical Processes for the Breakdown of Alpha/Beta Titanium Alloys with Trans-formed Beta Microstructures 1553 S. L. Semiatin, E. B. Shell, I. R. Roca, I. Weiss, V. Seetharman
Fine Grain Billet Processing of Titanium Alloys . 1563 G. A. Salishchev, R. M. Galeyev, 0. R. Valiakhmetov, S. V. Zherebtsov, M. F. X. Gigliotti, B. P. Bewlay
Engineering of Nanostructured Titanium for Structural Application 1569 R. Z. Valiev, V. V. Stolyarov, V. V. Latysh, G. I. Raab, T. C. Lowe, Y. T. Zhu
Development of Forgings from T~22-22S for Structural Application 1573 G. Proske, G. Terlinde, G. Fisher, K. H. Rendigs, C. Melzer
Evaluation ofSuperplastically Roll Formed VT-25 · 1581 M. F. X. Gigliotti, B. P. Bewlay, 0. A. Kaibyshev, F. Z. Utyashev
The Influence of Initial Structure and Rapid Heating on the Hot Defonnation Behaviour ofVT3-1 Alloy 1589 R. G. Koknaev, S. V. Haritonin, V. A. Rogojin, A. V. Filimonov
Gas Absorption in Titanium Alloys upon Heavy Forging 1597 S.N. Khomov
Application of Reversible Hydrogen Alloying for the Purpose of Improving Workability and Mecha-nical Properties of High Temperature Strength (ex + ~)-Titanium Alloys 1603 A. A. Ilyin, A. M. Mamonov, V. K. Nosov, Y. N. Kusakina
Automated Line for Isothermal Stamping of Large-Sized Workpieces of Titanium Alloys B. M. Gotlib, M. B. Gotlib
Castability amd Hot Workability_ of Titan~um All~ys H. G. Suzuki, H. Hayakawa, D. Eylon
Microstructure and Porosity of Cast Gamma-TiAI Ji Zhang, Zhinong Zhang, Dunxu Zou, Zengyong Zhong, Chnghai Li
1609
1619
1628
Investigation of Influence of the Electron Beam Treatment on Casting Properties of Titanium Alloys 1634 D. V. Sukhodolskiy, N. I. Levitskiy
Comparison of Different Beta Forging Processes on Ti6246 Alloy. G. Chapuis, J. F. Uginet ·
The Peculiarities of Heavy Forging of Titanium Alloys S. N. Khomov
Development and Research of Manufacturing Process for Large-Size Titanium Shape Castings of Pro-
1641
1649
peller Blades I 652 S. S. Ushkov, Yu. A. Filin, L. G. Kruglov
Reprocessing and Utilization of Titanium Alloy Waste at the Foundries A. S. Barantsev, L. G. Kruglov, Yu. K. Okunev, Yu. A. Filin
Cast Superalloys Based on_ Titanium Nickelide S. S. Ushkov, Yu. A. Filin, L. I. Amosova
About Nature of Dissipative Processes at Cutting Treatment of Titanium Blanks M.A. Skotnikova, K. N. Voinov, M.A. Martynov, S. S. Ushkov
1659
1663
1668
The Substantiation of Quenching and Aging Conditions ofVT23 Alloy Ensuring Enhanced Machining 1675 Y. B. Eg~rova, F. S. Mamonova, L. V. Davidenko
Mirror Polishing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Lapping Tape K. Kitajima, Tomoda, M. Nakai, S. Yamamoto, S. Nagaoka
1679
Effect of Technological Features on Mechanical Properties of Large-Size Plates of Titanium Alloy SV 1685 A. S. Koudriavtsev, V. P. Sorokin, E. V. Chudakov
Possible Use of Local Superplastic Deformation Processes for Axial-symmetric Products in Titanium Alloy 1693 F. Z. Utyashev, 0. A. Kaibyshev, V. V. Tetyukhin, A. I. Grischkin
XVIII
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
VSMPO Processes of Seamless Titanium Tubes Manufacture 1698 V. V. Tetyukhin, V. G. Smimov, A. N. Gavrilov
Employment of Screw Rolling Mill in the Manufacture of Small Section Bars from Titanium Alloys 1705 V. Dushin, L. Kurotchkina, S. Galkin, V. Mikhailov
Quality and Certifica~ion of VSMPO Product 1707 A. N. Stroshkov
Influence of Phase Transformation and Heat Treatments in ~ and a + ~ Fields on Texture Evolution in ~CEZ Alloy . 1711 C. Quesne, M. H. Mathon, T. Baudin, P. Bernardoni, R. Penelle
WELDING AND OTHER JOINING METHODS
Mechanical Properties of Friction Welds in High Strength Titanium Alloys 1718 A. Wisbey, I. C. Wallis, H. S. Ubhi, P. Sketchley, C. M. Ward-Close, P. L. Threadgill
Microstructure and Properties of Friction· Welds in Titanium Alloys 1726 D. Helm, G. Liltjering
Fracture Toughness of the Weldments of Thick Plates of Two Titanium Alloys 1734 I. Eizaguirre, J. L. Barreda, X. Azpiroz, F. Santamaria, A. M. Irisarri
Electron-Beam Welding of Joints Made of Titanium Alloys 1742 J. V. Avvakumov, L. V. Boykov, V. I. Mikhailov, 0. K. Nazarenko, V. N. Zarnkov
Enhanced Weld Penetrations in Titanium during GTA and Laser Welding through Flux Applications 1746 N. Perry, S. Marya, E. Soutif
TiG Narrow Gap Welding of Titanium Alloys 1754 S. S. Ushkov, V. I. Mikhailov, L. V. Boikov
Brazing of Titanium with New Biocompatible Braiing Filler Alloys 1758 H. Muller, J. Breme
Effective Employment of Electron-Beam Process for Repairs of Goods from Titanium Alloys 1766 B.G. Oushakov
General and Local Heat Treatment of High Strength Titanium Based Welding 1770 V. S. Lyasotskaya, S. I. Knyazeva
The Influence of Residual Welding Stress on Welding Procedure and Working Capacity of Welded Struc· ture of Alpha and Near Alpha· Titanium Alloys 1776 S.S. Ushkov, V. I. Mikhailov, A. N. Khatuntsev, V. A. Sher, I. Yu. Sakharov
Brittle Fracture of Cl· Titanium Alloy under Brazing Conditions and Ways of Their Prevention 1781 V. A. Semienov
Specific Features of Automatic Argon-Arc Welding of Titanium Thin-Walled Tubes Butt Joints 1784 E. V. Abramov, V. A'. Semienov, A. V. Baranov .
Calculation on the Tube-and-Titanium Tube Sheets Joints with Allowance for Stress Concentration 1786 V. A. Zelenin, V. A. Semienov
Technological Peculiarities of Welding of Thin-walled Shells for Multilayer Silphon Equalizers 1789 V. M. Polyakov, V. A. Semienov
POWDER FORMING, SPRAYING, COATINGS
Recent Situation of Ti Alloy Casting and PIM Technologies 1794 Chunxiao Cao, Fusheng Sun, Jimin Ma, Zhishou Zhu, Tao Lan, Yinjiang Wu, Huiping Tang, Jianjun Lou, Zhenfeng Liang, Yixiang Cai
Effect of Degassing Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PM Ti-6Al-4V 1805 Y. T. Lee, M. Peters
Non-Equilibrium Processes in Dispersed Powdered Systems Based on Titanium 1813 V. N. Antsiferov, S. N. Pecsherenko, A. A. Smetkin
XIX
TITANIUM'99: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Factors of Oxygen Increase in the Course of Titanium Powder Preparation by HDH Process 1819 Chen Ping, Liang Zhenfeng, Fang Zhengwei, Li Hua, Cai Yixiang; Cui Liang, Guo Ping
Development and Applications of Powder Rolled Microporous Titanium Plates 1823 Zhang Fuzheng, Liang Zhenfeng, Zeng Ming, Huang Shuiwang, Wu Chengping
Boiie Plates of Porous Titanium 1828 V. M. Anokhin, A. N. Petrunko, E. D. Ter-Pogosyants, A. E. Loskutov, M. M. Jakovenko
Perspectives of Production Metallothermic Ti Powders 1834 S. V. Aleksandrovsky, Dong Won Lee
Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys in Promising 'fn!nd in Manufacture of Enclosed Blade Disks Used in Aerospace Industry 1840 G. G. Demchenkov
~ostatic Pressure of High-Strength Titanium Alloys· G. A. Bochvar, N. V. Yanovskaya ·
High-Quality Powders of Titanium Alloys and Their Application M. A. Golub, Yu. I. Ponomarev, T. I. Barmina, Yu. K. Barmin
1845
. 1848
Article Production from Titanium Alloys by the Method of Hot lsol!tatic Pressing in Classy-Ce~amic · · · Shells with Titanium and Niobium Barrier Coatings · 1857 S. A. Kuznetsov, F. A. Fekhretdinov, T. I. Avaeva, V. T. Kalinnikov
On a Problem. of Hardening Titanium Alloys by High• Temperature· Cyanidation with High Nitrogen Potential . 1863 V. V. Prudnikova, A. V. lvanchenko, K. 0. Smirnov, V. I. Shapochkin, E. E. Skladnova.
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES.
A Review of Recent Progress in the Pr~duction and Mechanical Properties of Particulate Titanium Metal Matrix Composites · 1868 T. M. Godfrey, P. S. Goodwin, C. M. Ward-Close
. . . .
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti/Carbon Nanofube Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy . · 1878 T. Kuzumaki, 0. Ujiie, K. Miyatawa, K. Ito· ·
Ti-Matrix Composites Produced by an in-situ Precipitation of the TiB Hard Phase M. Bram, F. Aubertin, J. Breme
TiB Particle Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites Synthesized by TiH2~Boride Reaction Liang Zhenrfeng, Li Diquan, Luo Kai · · · · ·
Microstructures and Properties· of Newly Developed Alpha Titanium-Ti5Si3 Alloys
G. Frommeyer, M. Kreuss, R. Rosenkranz
Room and Elevated Temperattire Mechanical Properties of Titan.illm Based lnterm~tallic/Metallic
1882
1890
1896
Laminates · · 1906 C. B. Loader, L. Timms, C. M. Ward-Close
PIM Titanium Metal Matrix Composite for Exhaust Valve T. Furuta, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Shibata; T. Saito
. 1917
Development of Some Technological Schemes for Production of Composite Materials on the Ba5e of Ti-tanium Alloys 1925 T. V. lshunkina, A. V. Gingul, E. S. Lebedeva
Author Index
xx