Download - PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
PROGRAM PASCASARJANAUNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
PENELITIAN INTERDISIPLIN
BAHAN KAJIAN MK. Metode Penelitian Interdisiplin dalam Kajian Lingkungan
Diabstraksikan oleh: Smno.psl.ppsub.Sept. 2013
INTERDISCIPLINARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
GRADUATE SCHOOLUNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA
2013
KOMPETENSI UTAMA LULUSAN
1. Kemampuan menganalisis secara sistemik permasalahan riil pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan hidup
2. Kemampuan mensintesis secara konseptual komprehensif untuk menjawab permasalahan realita pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan hidup
3. Kemampuan mendisain program kajian ilmiah untuk menjawab permasalahan realita pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan
4. Kemampuan menyusun skenario implementasi hasil-hasil kajian ilmiah ke dalam proses formulasi kebijakan publik dan penerapannya dalam pembangunan
5. Kemampuan melaksanakan kajian-kajian ilmiah secara efektif untuk ikut menjawab permasalahan realita pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan
KOMPETENSI PENDUKUNG LULUSAN
1. Kemampuan menyusun pendekatan ilmiah interdisiplin dan sistemik dalam menganalisis problematik realita pembangunan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (SDAL)
2. Kemampuan mengimplementasikan dan menerapkan Metode dan Teknik multi-obyektif dan multidimensional dalam analisis masalah pembangunan yang bersifat multi-goals
3. Mampu memahami sistem informasi dan implementasinya dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pembangunan SDAL
4. Mampu menguasai metode penelitian dan implementasinya dalam kajian-kajian ilmiah yang relevan dengan pembangunan SDAL
5. Kemampuan mengkomunikasikan hasil-hasil kajian ilmiah kepada khalayak dan komunitas pembangunan
Masalah Lingkungan &
Pembangunan :
Bio-fisikSosial-EKonomi
EKOLOGI-LINGKUNGAN
METODE RISET INTERDISIPLIN
Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial-Ekonomi
MKP1 MKP2 MKP3RISET
TERAPAN
MKPSDAL1 MKPSDAL2 MKPSDAL2
SOLUSI
MASALAH
EKOLOGI EKONOMI
SOSIAL
PEMBELAJARAN KAJIAN SUMBERDAYA LINGKUNGAN & PEMBANGUNAN
PENELITIAN INTERDISIPLIN DALAM PSDAL
Interdisciplinary research (IDR) adalah “mode of research” yang mengintegrasikan informasi, data, techniques, tools,
perspectives, concepts, dan / atau theories dari dua atau lebih disiplin ilmu untuk “to solve problems” yang solusinya berada
di luar lingkup suatu disiplin ilmu.
Contoh Jurnal Internasional:1. IJMRA: International Journal of Mixed Research Approach2. JESS: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences3. JIER: Journal Interdisciplinary Environmental Review 4. JIES: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences5. JERAD: Journal of Environmental Research And Development6. Dll.
In a mixed model research, quantitative and qualitative approaches are mixed across at least two of the stages of research.
KAJIAN INTERDISIPLIN
Pembangunan berkelanjutan tidak dapat terwujud hanya dnegan pembangunan ekonomi, tetapi juga diperlukan
lingkungan yang baik, kualitas pendidikan yang bagus, dan keadilan manfaat pembangunan bagi semua warna negara.
Banyak permasalahan dalam pembangunan-masyarakat yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara
teknis saja, tetapi juga memerlukan pemahaman yang mendalam dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan
“humanity, society and nature”.
RISET INTERDISIPLINInterdisciplinary research (IDR) adalah
suatu mode riset oleh tim atau individual yang mengintegrasikan informasi, data,
techniques, tools, perspektif, konsep, dan /atau theori, dari dua atau lebih disiplin atau
bodies of specialized knowledge, untuk mengembangkan pemahaman yang mendasar
atau menyelesaikan masalah yang “penyelesaiannya” di luar lingkup suatu
disiplin ilmu.
Karakteristik IDR yang baik:
1. flexibility, adaptability, creativity2. curiosity about, and willingness to learn from,
other disciplines3. an open mind to ideas coming from other
disciplines and experiences4. good communication and listening skills
5. an ability to bridge the gap between theory and practice
6. a good team worker: Kesatuan antara mahasiswa pembimbing dan penguji
Multi-metodologi
Multimetodologi = mixed methods research, adalah suatu pendekatan penelitian yang
mengkombinasikan metode pengumpulan dan analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif.
Istilah 'multimethodology' lebih banyak digunakan dalam “operations research” .
Pendekatan ini menjadi populer semenjak tahun 1980-an
Mixed-Method Research (MMR)Mengkombinasikan metode-metode kuantitatif dan
kualitatif menjadi suatu idea yang bagus.
Menggunakan pendekatan multiple ini dapat memperkuat keunggulan masing-masing pendekatan
dan mengatasi kelemahannya masing-masing.
Pendekatan ini juga dapat menyediakan jawaban yang lebih komprehensif terhadap “research questions”, menerobos keterbatasan suatu pendekatan tunggal.
Multi-Method Studies (MMS)Multi-method studies menggunakan berbagai metode
pengumpulan data dan analisis data di dalam suatu “single research paradigm”.
Misalnya, anda melakukan penelitian kualitatif, dimana anda melakukan observasi sebagai seorang partisipan, dan anda
juga melakukan wawancara dengan orang-orang.
Atau dalam penelitian kuantitatif anda melakukan survei perilaku siswa, dan anda juga mengumpulkan informasi dari catatan komputer tentang frequensi ‘hits’ dalam penggunaan
bahan ajar berbasis web. Dengan kata lain, anda menggunakan metode-metode yang
secara luas-kompatibel di dalam suatu paradigm (atau a set of beliefs and values).
Proposal penelitian interdisiplin yang baik• Specify clearly why an interdisciplinary approach is needed, which
type of interdisciplinary approach is envisaged and which disciplines should be involved.
• Describe how the disciplines involved will be integrated and how this relates to the type of interdisciplinarity involved; demonstrate how the quality of integration will be assured
• Summarise the interdisciplinary skills of the researchers involved
• Describe how interdisciplinarity will be reflected in the research questions, research objectives, outputs and outcomes.
Bagaimana Eutrofikasi mempengaruhi
biomasa dan komposisi
spesies algae sistem perairan tawar dan pantai
Response of algal biomass to nitrogen
and phosphorus availability in
aquatic ecosystem.
The species composition of algal
communities inhabiting the water column to respond to nutrient loading.
Coastal marine ecosystems will
respond positively to nutrient loading
control efforts.
Ekosistem Akuatik
Dinamika Populasi .
BIOLOGI PERAIRAN
Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem.
Val H Smith. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2003, Volume 10, Number 2, Pages 126-139.
To analyze the groundwater
quality of Imphal West
district, Manipur, India,
and assess its
suitability for drinking,
domestic, and agricultural
use.
Model analisis multivariate (PCA)
sangat bermanfaat
Kontaminasi As dan Konsentrasi
Na tinggi menjadi kendala bagi
pemanfaatannya
Dampak kesehatan
manusia tidak nyata.
Statistik multivariate
Dampak kesehatan masyarakat
KUALITAS AIR
Groundwater quality in Imphal West district, Manipur, India, with multivariate statistical analysis of data
Elangbam J. K. Singh, Abhik Gupta and N. R. Singh. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2012
Forest is considered as one
of the most important and most attractive
recreation resources in
nature which is the destination of most of the nature
tourists.
Perencanaan Wanawisata
lestari?
The 7 forest areas with total area of 6.3 ha are suitable for intensive outdoor
recreation and remaining areas of
this region (2476 ha) could be used for extensive outdoor
recreation.
Sumber air menjadi faktor pembatas penghembangan
wanawisata.
Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari
Valuasi Ekologi-Ekonomi
Valuasi Wanawisata
Ecological Based Planning of Forest Outdoor Recreation Case Study: Traditional Span of Mandj in Lordegan Forests-Iran
Beytollah Mahmoudi, Naghmeh Sharifi, Rahim Maleknia, Reza Ahmadeian and Amin HaghsetanRes. Jour. of Environmental and Earth Sciences. 2012 Vol. 4 , (7): 680-687
Evaluation of an interdisciplinary,
experiential service-learning
project that combined
environmental studies and marketing .
Students in environmental studies
were able to identify and apply ways in which
marketing tools can be employed to promote
social causes and effect positive environmental
behavioral change.
Marketing students applied marketing
concepts to a real-life situation, while gaining a greater awareness of environmental issues
and the role of businesses in environmental stewardship.
Environmental Services valuation
Perilaku Konsumen
Green Marketing
Integrating Marketing and Environmental Studies Through an Interdisciplinary, Experiential, Service-Learning Approach
Nila M. Wiese, and Daniel J. Sherman. Journal of Marketing Education April 2011 vol. 33 no. 1 41-56 .
The use of food crops
such as corn grain to produce
ethanol raises major
nutritional and ethical
concerns.
Using food grains to produce biofuels is
already causing food shortages for
the poor of the world.
Growing crops for biofuel not only
ignores the need to reduce fossil energy
and land use, but exacerbates the
problem of malnourishment
worldwide.
Agroteknologi tanaman serealia.
Ekonomi Pangan dan Ekonomi Energi.
Ekonomi Sumberdaya
Food Versus Biofuels: Environmental and Economic CostsDavid Pimentel, Alison Marklein, Megan A. Toth, Marissa N. Karpoff and Gillian S. Paul.
Human Ecology. Volume 37, Number 1 / February 2009 . p.1-12
Pola-pola akumulasi
kesejahteraan dan
pengaruhnya terhadap
deforestasi hutan oleh
smallholder
The main factors explaining the relationship
between the farming systems and
deforestation were:
1. years of residence on the lot,
2. distance of the lot to main market and
3. the amount of day labor hired.
Ekonomi RUMAHTANGGA
Pengelolaan Hutan
PERHUTANAN SOSIAL
Smallholder Livelihoods, Wealth and Deforestation in the Eastern Amazon.
Pablo Pacheco. Human Ecology. Volume 37, Number 1 / February 2009 . p. 27-41
Urbanization can increase or
decrease species richness,
depending on several variables.
Some of these variables include: taxonomic group,
spatialscale of analysis, and intensity of urbanization.
Species richness
tends to be reduced in areas with extreme
urbanization (i.e.,
central urban core areas).
Biodiversitas
Urbanisasi .
EKOSISTEM PERKOTAAN
Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals
Michael L. McKinney. Urban Ecosyst (2008) 11:161–176
AbstractPhosphorus (P) in rivers in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) contributes to hypoxia in the Gulf
of Mexico and impairs local water quality.
We analyzed the spatial pattern of P in the MRB to determine the counties with the greatest January to June P riverine yields and the most critical factors related to this P loss. Using a
database of P inputs and landscape characteristics from 1997 through 2006 for each county in the MRB, we created regression models relating riverine total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and particulate P (PP) yields for watersheds within the MRB to these factors. Riverine yields of P were estimated from the average concentration of each form of P during January to June for the
10-yr period, multiplied by the average daily flow, and then summed for the 6-mo period.
The fraction of land planted in crops, human consumption of P, and precipitation were found to best predict TP yields with a spatial error regression model (R 2 = 0.48, n = 101). Dissolved
reactive P yields were predicted by fertilizer P inputs, human consumption of P, and precipitation in a multiple regression model (R 2 = 0.42, n = 73), whereas PP yields were explained by crop
fraction, human consumption of P, and soil bulk density in a spatial error regression model (R 2 = 0.49, n = 61). Overall, the Upper Midwest's Cornbelt region and lower Mississippi basin had the
counties with the greatest P yields.
These results help to point out specific areas where agricultural conservation practices that reduce losses to streams and rivers and point source P removal might limit the intensity or
spatial occurrence of Gulf of Mexico hypoxia and improve local water quality.
A Spatial Analysis of Phosphorus in the Mississippi River Basin Linda M. Jacobson, Mark B. David and Laurie E. Drinkwater. JEQ Vol. 40 No. 3, p. 931-941. 2011
AbstractFour local-scale sites in areas with similar corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] agriculture were studied to determine the effects of different hydrogeologic settings of the Northern
Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) on the transport of nutrients and pesticides in groundwater. Settings ranged from predominantly well-drained soils overlying thick, sandy surficial aquifers to
predominantly poorly drained soils with complex aquifer stratigraphy and high organic matter content. Apparent age of groundwater, dissolved gases, N isotopes, major ions, selected pesticides
and degradates, and geochemical environments in groundwater were studied.
Agricultural chemicals were the source of most dissolved ions in groundwater. Specific conductance was strongly correlated with reconstructed nitrate (the sum of N in nitrate and N gas) (R 2 = 0.81, p <
0.0001), and is indicative of the relative degree of agricultural effects on groundwater. Trends in nitrate were primarily related to changes in manure and fertilizer use at the well-drained sites where aquifer conditions were consistently oxic. Nitrate was present in young groundwater but completely removed over time through denitrification at the poorly drained sites where there were variations in
chemical input and in geochemical environment. Median concentrations of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide), and some of their common degradates were higher at well-drained sites than at poorly drained sites, with concentrations of degradates generally higher than
those of the parent compounds at all sites. An increase in the percentage of deethylatrazine to total atrazine over time at one well-drained site
may be related to changes in manure application.
. Trends and Transformation of Nutrients and Pesticides in a Coastal Plain Aquifer System, United States
Judith M. Denver , Anthony J. Tesoriero and Jeffrey R. Barbaro. JEQ Vol. 39 No. 1, p. 154-167 2010
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in how changes in agricultural practice associated with the introduction of particular genetically modified (GM) crops might indirectly impact the environment. There is also interest in any effects that might
be associated with recombinant and novel combinations of DNA passing into the environment, and the possibility that they may be taken up by microorganisms or other
live biological material.
From the current state of knowledge, the impact of free DNA of transgenic origin is likely to be negligible compared with the large amount of total free DNA.
We can find no compelling scientific arguments to demonstrate that GM crops are innately different from non-GM crops. The kinds of potential impacts of GM crops fall
into classes familiar from the cultivation of non-GM crops (e.g., invasiveness, weediness, toxicity, or biodiversity).
It is likely, however, that the novelty of some of the products of GM crop improvement will present new challenges and perhaps opportunities to manage particular crops in
creative ways.
Potential for the environmental impact of transgenic cropsPhilip J. Dale, Belinda Clarke & Eliana M.G. Fontes. Nature Biotechnology 20, 567 - 574 (2002)
Abstract
Cities are growing inexorably, causing many to think that inevitably their environmental impact will worsen.
In this paper, three approaches to understanding the environmental impact of cities are analyzed, namely population impact, Ecological Footprint and sustainability
assessment.
Although the population impact model provides some perspective on local impact, and the Ecological Footprint model on global impact, only the sustainability assessment approach allows us to see the positive benefits of urban growth and provides policy
options that can help cities reduce their local and global impact while improving their live-ability and opportunity, which continue to drive their growth.
This approach is then applied in the city of Sydney.
The environmental impact of citiesPeter Newman. Environment and Urbanization October 2006 vol. 18 no. 2 275-295
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes. Air quality in developed countries has been generally improved over
the last three decades. However, many recent epidemiological studies have consistently shown positive associations between low-level exposure to air pollution and health outcomes. Thus, adverse health effects of air pollution,
even at relatively low levels, remain a public concern.
This paper aims to provide an overview of recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges in this field and to identify future
research directions for air pollution epidemiological studies.
Health effects of ambient air pollution – recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges
Cizao Ren and Shilu Tong. Environmental Health 2008, 7:56 .
Abstract
To inform family physicians about the health effects of air pollution and to provide an approach to counseling vulnerable patients in order to reduce exposure.
MEDLINE was searched using terms relevant to air pollution and its adverse effects. We reviewed English-language articles published from January 2008 to December 2009. Most studies provided
level II evidence.
Outdoor air pollution causes substantial morbidity and mortality in Canada. It can affect both the respiratory system (exacerbating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and the
cardiovascular system (triggering arrhythmias, cardiac failure, and stroke). The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a new communication tool developed by Health Canada and Environment Canada
that indicates the level of health risk from air pollution on a scale of 1 to 10. The AQHI is widely reported in the media, and the tool might be of use to family physicians in counseling high-risk
patients (such as those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiac failure) to reduce exposure to outdoor air pollution.
Family physicians can use the AQHI and its health messages to teach patients with asthma and other high-risk patients how to reduce health risks from air pollution.
Health effects of outdoor air pollutionApproach to counseling patients using the Air Quality Health Index
Alan Abelsohn. Canadian Family Physician August 2011 vol. 57 no. 8 881-887 .
The significance
of the irradiance reductions for building
radiation climate
A taller tree with a longer clear
bole on the south produced more favorable
ratios of cooling season to
heating season insolation
reductions than the tree with the short clear bole
on the south.
Teori Fotosintesis.
Neraca Energi Pohon:Ekologi Pohon
URBAN ECOLOGY
Effects of individual trees on the solar radiation climate of small buildings
Gordon M. Heisler. Urban Ecology. Volume 9, Issues 3–4.. 1986. Pages 337-359
Analisis Vegetasi
Plant - Soil – water relationship.
URBAN HYDROLOGY
Urban vegetation impacts on the hydrology of Dayton, OhioRalph A. Sanders. Urban Ecology. Volume 9, Issues 3–4. 1986. Pages 361-376
The specific role of
vegetation in lessening
urban impacts on runoff
The existing tree canopies alone work to lower
potential runoff by about 7%.
This could be increased to
nearly 12% by modestly
increasing canopy coverage
of the land surface.
Ecosystem Services.
Landuse changes.Land Conversion
Valuasi ekologi-ekonomi
Land use change and its effects on the value of ecosystem services along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Ecological Economics. 2012. Vol. 82. No.1. Pages 23-32G. Mendoza-González, M.L. Martínez, D. Lithgow, O. Pérez-Maqueo, P. Simonin
to analyze land use changes and
calculate the value of these
changes in terms of lost
ecosystem services.
Land use change may seem
economically profitable.
However, after losing ecosystem services, the apparent gains
from urban development are
lost.
Land use and policy making should
consider ecosystem service losses so
that ecosystems are preserved and
society benefited..
Teori Partisipasi.
Perhutanan Sosial.
PERANAN GENDER
Factors affecting women's participation in forestry in TurkeyEcological Economics. 2007. Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 787-796
Erdoğan Atmiş, İsmet Daşdemir, Wietze Lise, Ömür Yıldıran
Studi ini menganalisis
partisipasi perempuan
dalam kehutanan
The estimated game theoretic model on
women's participation indicates that the sharing of forest benefits among
women in Turkey is considerably
harmonious, while there is scope for
improving the Forest Organisation, namely
by stimulating participation towards
a more effective management of the
Turkish forests..
Ekologi Hutan
Management Hutan.
VALUASI EKONOMI
Willingness to pay for forest amenities: The case of non-industrial owners in the south central United States
Ecological Economics. 2006. Volume 56, Issue 1. Pages 132-143. Ronald Raunikar, Joseph Buongiorno
Kita menganalisis
WTP (willingness to pay) untuk nilai non-kayu
(NTV) oleh pengusaha
suasta hutan non-industri (NIPF) pada
hutan campuran di USA selatan
Many NIPF owners maintain a more
diverse and natural stand structure than
that of a more profitable even-aged industrial plantation.
The average NIPF owner was willing to
forego 60% of the timber profit for the NTV of their more
natural stands compared to a less diverse industrially managed even-aged
plantation.
Mikrobiologi Lingkungan.
Kimia Lingkungan.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair…..
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and Water Reclamation Plants in Southern California
Amy Townsend-Small, Diane E. Pataki, Linda Y. Tseng, Cheng-Yao Tsai and Diego Rosso.JEQ Vol. 40 No. 5, p. 1542-1550
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived and potent greenhouse
gas produced during microbial nitrification and denitrification.
This treatment a potentially large source of N2O in
urban areas.
Our results suggest that wastewater
treatment that includes
biological nitrogen removal can significantly increase urban N2O emissions..
Teknologi aplikasi pupuk.
Agrohidrologi.
Pencucian unsur hara pupuk dari lahan…..
Nitrate Leaching from Nitrogen-Fertilized and Manured Corn Measured with Zero-Tension Pan Lysimeters
John M. Jemison and Richard H. FoxJEQ. Vol. 23 No. 2, p. 337-343
Excessive N fertilization
increases the potential for nitrate
(NO−3) leaching,
but no research has evaluated NO−
3 leaching from corn
(Zea mays L.) receiving
economic optimum N rates (EON).
In the nonmanured corn, the 3-yr average amount
of NO3-N leached was 107 kg ha−1 or 36% of the N
applied at EON.
Total mass of NO3-N in the 1.2-m soil profile
following harvest was useful to predict annual flow-weighted average
leachate NO3-N concentrations, but this is not practical in most soils of the Northeast..
Nutrients Root absorption
Metal reactions in aquatic environment.
Fitoremediasi Air Limbah…..
Phytostabilization of iron ore tailings through Calophyllum inophyllum L.Nilima Chaturvedi, N K Dhal, Palli Sita Rama Reddy
International Journal of Phytoremediation 12/2012; 14(10):996-1009.
The phytostabilization of waste material generated during
mining and processing of iron ore through
Calophyllum inophyllum L. have been investigated.
Iron ore tailings and its varying composition with garden soil were taken to study plant growth, chlorophyll content and metal uptake pattern of
Calophyllum inophyllum L..
Removal of more than 30% of the most
of the heavy metal like Fe, Pb, and Cu &
Zn has been observed in all the treatments during
one year of observation.
The overall study clearly suggests that
the plant can be used as an efficient
tool for restoration of mining wastes and
other similarly contaminated sites. .
Pemupukan fosfat.
Penyerapan hara oleh akar tumbuhan.
Fitoremediasi tanah yang tercemar…..
Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil by Pteris vittata L. I. Influence of phosphatic fertilizers and repeated harvests.
Asit Mandal, T J Purakayastha, A K Patra, S K SanyalInternational journal of phytoremediation. 14(10):978-95.
A greenhouse experiment was
conducted to evaluate the
effectiveness of diammonium
phosphate (DAP), single
superphosphate (SSP) and two
growing cycles on arsenic removal by Chinese Brake Fern
(Pteris vittata L.) from an arsenic
contaminated Typic Haplustept of the
Indian state of West Bengal..
Two successive harvests with DAP as the phosphate fertilizer emerged as the promising
management strategy for
amelioration of arsenic
contaminated soil of West Bengal
through phyotoextraction
by P. vittata..
Teori Motivasi dan Partisipasi Sosial
Ekonomi Sumberdaya Hutan.
PERHUTANAN SOSIAL
International Journal of Social Forestry (IJSF), 2010, 3(2):81-100.STATUS OF JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DETERMINANTS OF FOREST PARTICIPATION IN A DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION SETTINGSoumyendra Kishore Datta and Krishanu Sarkar
Perlindungan sumberdaya hutan
mensyaratkan partisipasi aktif
masyarakat sekitar hutan.
Partisipasi aktif dalam aktivitas
konservasi hutan memerlukan
komitmen dan motivasi masyarakat
di sekitar dan di dalam hutan.
Grant of permanent tenurial right to forest
dependent people, mitigating the fear of
eviction, extension of various support facilities and ensuring a cohesive trust between forest
department and forest protection committees
seem most urgent for ensuring meaningful
participation.
Tata-kelola Usaha
Sustainable BUSINESS FIRM.
TANGGUNG-JAWAB SOSIAL KORPORASI
Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in Italian SMEs: towards a 'territorial' model based on small 'champions' of CSR?
Mara Del Baldo. International Journal of Sustainable Society. 2010 Vol. 2 No. 3. p 215-247
Adakah hubungan positif antara
budaya tanggung-jawab sosial dg
sistem tata-kelola yang ada?
Seberapa besar signifikansi
korelasi tersebut pada UKM dan
usaha sekala besar ? .
The concluding reflections trace the features of a
territorial model of socially
responsible orientation centred
on the best practices of SMEs,
'convivial enterprises' who
are excellent examples of
'spirited businesses‘.
Produksi Bersih
Sustainable consumption.
SISTEM PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN
Designing Environmental Management System for promoting sustainable consumption
Shirish Sangle . Int. J. of Sustainable Society, 2008 Vol.1, No.1, pp.29 - 43
Ide tentang konsumsi-lestari telah menjadi
isu global. Sejaklan dnegan upaya
pemerintah untuk mmenerapkan ide ini,
diperlukan peran-serta industri dalam
menciptakan pola-pola konsumsi yang lebih
lestari.
Pendekatan untuk mengelola isu-isu kelestarian telah
menjadi konstruksi dalam “Environmental Management System
(EMS)” berbasis standar ISO 14001.
The implications of this model for
structuring salient elements of EMS are
then discussed.
The audit would measure the extent
to which an organisation has a
management system competent to make
consumption pattern more sustainable..
Green Industry
Manajemen Perusahaan
ECO-EFFICIENCY
Conditional eco-efficiency measure from the perspective of pollution emission firms
Feng Yang, Sheng Ang, Liang Liang, Dujun Zhai. Int. J. of Sustainable Society, 2011 Vol.3, No.3, pp.276 - 291
Penerapan eko-efisiensi menghadapi
kendala sasaran profit
dan polusi dari perspektif
emisi polusi perusahaan.
Different from the previous eco-efficiency
measures, our technique admits the
selfish motives of pollution emission
firms which have little motivation to minimise the pollution emission.
As a result, the current approach can be
accepted by pollution emission firms for providing feasible
strategies in performance
improvement..
DAMPAK GLOBAL POLUSI UDARA
Kerjasama internasional.
PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN GLOBAL
Atmospheric Pollution as a Global Policy ProblemTapani Vaahtoranta. Journal of Peace Research May 1990 vol. 27 no. 2 169-176
Polusi udara telah menjadi
permasalahan global,
pengendaliannya mensyaratkan
adanya kolaborasi banyak negara.
Kerjasama terkendala oleh fakta
bahwa negara-negara di dunia tidak mengalami dampak
yang sama dan minat perlindungan
lingkungannya juga beragam
Three changes in particular
contributed to the emergence of atmospheric
pollution controls:
1. the imperatives of ecological interdependence,
2. technological developments, and
3. growing public pressure on policy-makers. .
Polusi lalu-lintas jalan raya
Epidemiologi: Analisis regresi
KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a Danish cohort study
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Steen Solvang Jensen, Matthias Ketzel, Mette Sørensen, Johnni Hansen, Steffen Loft, Anne Tjønneland and Kim Overvad . Environmental Health 2012, 11:60
Polusi udara kota akibat lalu-lintas jalan raya telah
dihubungkan dg “cardiovascular mortality”, yang
diduga diakibatkan oleh paparan
polusi udara dan biring lalu-lintas.
Karakter personal dan gaya hidup
diduga mempengaruhi
hubungan tersebut
Traffic air pollution is associated with
mortality from cardiovascular
diseases and all causes, after
adjustment for traffic noise.
The association was strongest for people with a low fruit and vegetable intake. .
POLUSI Udara Kota
Epidemiologi: Analisis Multivariate
KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Air pollution and infant health: Lessons from New JerseyJanet Currie , Matthew Neidell, Johannes F. Schmieder
Journal of Health Economics 28 (2009) 688–703
Kita mengkaji dampak dari tiga kriteria pencemar
udara terhadap kesehatan bayi di New Jersey pada 1990 dengan jalan mengkombinasi-
kan informasi tempat tinggal ibu dan informasi dari data pemantauan
kualitas udara.
We find consistently negative effects of exposure to carbon
monoxide (CO), both during and after birth,
with effects considerably larger for
smokers and older mothers.
Since automobiles are the main source of carbon monoxide
emissions, our results have important implications for
regulation of automobile emissions..
Ekologi Pohon.
Hujan asam
HUTAN KOTA
Acid Rain, Air Pollution, and Tree Growth in Southeastern New York
L. J. Puckett. JEQ Vol. 11 No. 3, p. 376-381
Apakah analisis dendro-ekologis dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi
perubahan hubungan
pertumbuhan pohon dg iklim ,
sebagai akibat dari paparan kronis
terhadap komponen-
komponen hujan asam dan polusi
udara.
Temporally, the shift in growth response
appears to correspond with the suspected
increase in acid rain and air pollution.
This change could be the result of
physiological stress induced by
components of the acid rain-air pollution
complex, causing climatic conditions to
be more limiting to tree growth..
Pencemaran udara.
Fisiologi tanaman.
The experiment was designed as a split-split plot with six replications.
…..
Field Testing Soybeans for Residual Effects of Air Pollution and Seed Size on Crop YieldR. K. Howell, L. P. Rose and R. C. Leffel
JEQ. Vol. 9 No. 1, p. 66-68
Mean seed weights (g/100 seeds) for
four soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], cultivass
grown in 1973 and 1974 in cylindrical
open-top field chambers that
provided carbon-filtered air were
significantly greater than from plants
grown in nonfiltered air in chambers, or
in conventional plots without
chambers.
Differences in seed size observed for
different air qualities did not significantly
affect yields. In general, there was no significant yield
advantage for plants grown from a
selected seed size as compared with the original lot seed..
Rekayasa Instrumen pemanasan
Teori pembakaran.
KONSERVASI ENERGI
Emissions and Energy Conservation in Residentdal Oil Heating A.C.S. Hayden, R.W. Braaten & T.D. Brown
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association . Volume 28, Issue 7, 1978
Emisi dari pembakaran minyak
pada peralatan pemanas di
permukiman dapat dikurangi dengan jalan memperbaiki efisiensi siklis dan “steady running”. Teknik-teknik yang
mereduksi kebutuhan pemanasan
(thermostat cut-back) atau mereduksi
kehilangan panas dapat mereduksi emisi
SO2 dan NO sebanding dengan hemat bahan bakar.
Improved burner performance, with combustion at low excess air, offers the largest fuel savings, with
commensurate reductions in SO2
and NO, and greater reductions
in CO and particulates..
Kualitas UdaraIndoor & outdoor
Dinamika partikulat dalam udara ambient.
PENCEMARAN UDARA
Indoor/Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Continuity RelationshipsMarc Halpern
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association . Volume 28, Issue 7, 1978 . pages 689-691
Hubungan kontinyuitas
pencemaran udara indoor-outdoor
dikaji untuk menemukan parameter utamanya.
Hipotesis keseimbangan
homeostatis antara pencemar indoor dan outdoor diuji dg menggunakan
indeks kontaminan partikulat Pb.
The results of this study demonstrate the importance of
considering parameters other
than outdoor pollutant levels in
determining indoor air quality.
Solar Radiation budget.
Ekofisiologi tumbuhan.
The role of trees and grass in reducing regional and local
temperatures in urban areas . …..
The effect of tree shade and grass on surface and globe temperatures in an urban areaD. Armson, P. Stringer, A.R. Ennos.
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012 Volume 11, Issue 3. Pages 245-255
The process of urbanisation alters the thermal balance of an area resulting
in an urban heat island effect where
cities can be several degrees centigrade
warmer than the surrounding rural landscape. This
increased heat can make cities
uncomfortable places and, during
heat waves, can pose serious health
risks.
Grasses and trees can effectively cool
surfaces and so can provide regional cooling, helping
reduce the urban heat island in hot weather.
Grasses has little effect upon local air or
globe temperatures, so should have little
effect on human comfort, whereas tree
shade can provide effective local
cooling..
Analisis citra dan Fotografi.
Analisis Kenyamanan Lingkungan
MANAJEMEN HUTAN KOTA
Analysing recreational values and management effects in an urban forest with the visitor-employed photography method
Erik HeymanUrban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 3. Pages 267-277
Pengelolaan hutan kota memerlukan
“trade-offs” antara konservasi
biodiversitas dengan promosi nilai-nilai
wisata-kota.Kajian preferensi
membuktikan bahwa masyarakat lebih
menyenangi hutan-kota semi-terbuka
dnegan sedikit tumbuhan-bawah
dibandingkan dngan hutan-kota yang
masif dengan tumbuhan bawah
yang rapat.
This study has shown that the visitor
employed photography method
can be used as a quantitative method to evaluate perceptions
about forest vegetation and
management in urban woodlands, and could
serve as a valuable complement to
conventional methods in preference
research.
Teori persepsi dan preferensi kONSUMEN
Valuasi jasa-jasa lingkungan.
PERENCANAAN KOTA
Perceptions of parks and urban derelict land by landscape planners and residents
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 303-312Mathias Hofmann, Janneke R. Westermann, Ingo Kowarik, Elke van der Meer
Persepsi masyarakat dan
pelaku usaha belum
diintegrasikan dalam proses perencanaan
kota
Perencanaan RTH kota berbasis
persepsi masyarakat dan
kualitas lahan dan lingkungan.
Analisis Persepsi, sikap dan perilaku .
Analisis pengambilan keputusan publik
Perilaku Konsumen
Attitude and willingness toward participation in decision-making of urban green spaces in China
Xi-Zhang ShanUrban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 2. Pages 211-217
Urban green spaces serve a variety of
residents with various perceptions,
preferences and demands.
Their effective governance and
precision provision increasingly require
public input. Due to the unique political regime, public decision-
making in China has long been controlled by governments with the public neglected..
The positive attitudes and strong willingness
toward participation despite socioeconomic variations, fitting into a
global trend of increasing civic consciousness and
strengthening the theoretical base of public
participation.
This positive findings lay a sound social
foundation for the participatory decision-
making in decision-making of urban green
spaces..
Kesehatan Ibu & Anak.
KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Ekologi Kuantitatif
An ecological quantification of the relationships between water, sanitation and infant, child, and maternal mortality
June J Cheng, Corinne J Schuster-Wallace, Susan Watt, Bruce K Newbold and Andrew MenteEnvironmental Health 2012, 11:4
Akses air bersih dan sanitasi
berhubungan erat dnegan
kesehatan ibu , anak dan
kelahiran.
Seberapa jauh upaya perbaikan akses air bersih
dan sanitasi mempengaruhi mortalitas ibu,
anak dan bayi ? .
Our analyses suggest that access to water and sanitation independently contribute to child and
maternal mortality outcomes.
If the world is to seriously address the
Millennium Development Goals of reducing child and maternal mortality,
then improved water and sanitation accesses are
key strategies. .
AbstrakSalah satu ruangan yang berpotensi tinggi untuk mengalami masalah polusi udara dalam ruang adalah ruang perpustakaan. Di antara berbagai polutan yang memiliki peran penting terhadap kesehatan adalah terdapatnya kapang di dalam udara ruangan. Gangguan kesehatan akibat kapang di dalam ruangan perpustakaan dapat dialami oleh orang-orang yang beraktivitas di
dalam perpustakaan, misalnya petugas perpustakaan, dosen, dan mahasiswa.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi terhadap kapang di dalam udara ruang perpustakaan di tiga fakultas (FA, FB, dan FC) di lingkungan Universitas “X”.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi keberadaan kapang, serta kualitas fisik dan kimiawi udara dalam ruang.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara dalam ruang di ketiga perpustakaan berada di atas standar peraturan. Intensitas cahaya sangat rendah di perpustakaan FB dan FC, sementara
konsentrasi debu di perpustakaan FA sangat tinggi. Di perpustakaan FA ditemukan kapang pathogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus, sementara di perpustakaan FB ditemukan Scopulariopsis
candida, dan Fusarium verticilloides di perpustakaan FC.
Secara umum, kualitas fisik, kimiawi, dan mikrobiologi udara dalam ruang di ketiga perpustakaan telah melebihi ambang batas.
. KUALITAS UDARA DALAM RUANG PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS ”X” DITINJAU DARI KUALITAS BIOLOGI, FISIK, DAN KIMIAWI
Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Ema Hermawati, Dewi SusannaMAKARA, KESEHATAN, VOL. 12, NO. 2, DESEMBER 2008: 76-82
AbstractPermasalahan yang saat ini menjadi isu di lingkungan perumahan adalah peningkatan pencemaran udara dan kebisingan. Sumber kebisingan yang dominan di lingkungan
perumahan adalah berasal dari lalulintas kendaraan bermotor. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia semakin tahun semakin meningkat, akibatnya lingkungan perumahan di Perkotaan
menjadi bising. Kebisingan sendiri terkait dengan kepadatan lalulintas. Kondisi ini ditambah dengan penyediaan sarana jalan yang tidak memadai menjadikan
lingkungan perumahan menjadi jalan pintas dari dan ke jalan umum. Hal ini semakin menimbulkan kebisingan di lingkungan perumahan.
Penelitian yang dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta dan DKI Jakarta memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat kebisingan yang terjadi di lingkungan perumahan telah berada diatas ambang baku mutu yang
disyaratkan. Kebisingan yang terjadi di lingkungan perumahan sudah saatnya memerlukan penanganan yang serius, mengingat pengaruh buruk dari kebisingan terhadap kesehatan
manusia pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup masyarakat. Berbagai penanganan kebisingan telah banyak dilakukan terutama terkait pada 3 (tiga) hal, yaitu pada sumber suara, media suara dan penerima. Penanganan secara arsitektural lebih tepat ditujukan pada penanganan media
perambatan suara. Pengolahan ‘jalan’ bunyi yang dalam hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi kebisingan yang diterima oleh penerima dapat dilakukan dengan cara: Pertama, memperpanjang
jalannya media perambatan dengan cara menjauhkan antara sumber suara dengan penerimanya. Ke dua, memberi penghalang antara sumber dengan penerima, penghalang dapat berupa dinding penghalang, barier tanaman, maupun fasa di bangunan itu sendiri. Penanganan secara non
Arsitektural dapat dilakukan dengan cara membuat kendaraan bermotor yang lewat lingkungan perumahan menurunkan kecepatannya sampai kurang lebih 20 km/jam.
. TINGKAT KEBISINGAN PADA PERUMAHAN DI PERKOTAANMoch Fathoni Setiawan. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan. Vol 12, No 2 (2010)
AbstractKarbon monoksida (CO) merupakan salah satu zat polusi udara yang bersifat racun dan dihasilkan dari sektor transportasi dan industri. Sensor gas MQ-135 memiliki kepekaan yang relatif tinggi, low cost dan relatif lebih
tahan lama dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pengukuran polusi udara.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat rancang bangun alat pengukur konsentrasi gas Karbon Monoksida (CO) menggunakan sensor gas MQ-135 berbasis Mikrokontroler dengan komunikasi serial USART dan
untuk mengetahui output pengukuran berdasarkan regresi jika dibandingkan dengan alat ukur standar ECOM J2KN.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membuat hasil rancangan alat rancang bangun alat pengukur konsentrasi gas karbon monoksida (CO) dengan mikrokontroler ATMega32, sensor gas MQ-135, IC MAX 232, serta konektor DB9. Sumber tegangan yang digunakan 18 V kemudian difilter oleh LM7805 menjadi 5 V untuk tegangan referensi ADC mikrokontroler. Sedangkan tampilan hasil pengukuran ditampilkan dengan menggunakan LCD dan Interface pada Laptop dengan program visual basic 6.0 . Analisis data digunakan uji regresi. Penelitian dilakukan
menggunakan bahan penghasil asap yang bersumber dari kertas yang dibakar kemudian diukur kadar CO-nya dan dikalibrasi menggunakan , ECOM J2KN.
Dari hasil penelitian dan berdasarkan hasil uji regresi diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,949. Hal ini berarti bahwa terdapat faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil konsentrasi gas CO selain resistansi sensor sebesar
5,1%. Faktor tersebut antara lain suhu gas, kelembaban gas, dan tekanan gas. Komunikasi serial yang dipakai adalah jenis serial USART dengan mode Asynchronous data dengan baud rate 9600.
Kata kunci: Sensor gas MQ-135, Mikrokontroler, komunikasi serial USART
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Konsentrasi Gas Karbon Monoksida(CO) Menggunakan Sensor Gas MQ-135 Berbasis Mikrokontroller Dengan Komunikasi Serial USART
Elly Indahwati, NurhayatiJurnal Teknik Elektro Vol 1, No 1 (2012).
Abstract
Metal containing wastes/byproducts of various industries, used consumer goods, and municipal waste are potential pollutants, if not treated properly. They may also be
important secondary resources if processed in eco-friendly manner for secured supply of contained metals/materials.
Bio-extraction of metals from such resources with microbes such as bacteria, fungi and archaea is being increasingly explored to meet the twin objectives of resource recycling
and pollution mitigation.
This review focuses on the bioprocessing of solid wastes/byproducts of metallurgical and manufacturing industries, chemical/petrochemical plants, electroplating and
tanning units, besides sewage sludge and fly ash of municipal incinerators, electronic wastes (e-wastes/PCBs), used batteries, etc. An assessment has been made to quantify the wastes generated and its compositions, microbes used, metal leaching efficiency
etc. Processing of certain effluents and wastewaters comprising of metals is also included in brief.
Future directions of research are highlighted.
Bio-processing of solid wastes and secondary resources for metal extraction – A review
Jae-chun Lee , Banshi Dhar Pandey. Waste Management 32 (2012) 3–18
Abstract
We investigated the relationships between the light environment beneath a forest canopy and stand attributes, i.e., culm density and total basal area, in a stand of bamboo, Phyllostachys
pubescens. Mazel exHouz. based on a thinning experiment.
A 15 m × 15 m plot was established in the stand and 10 successive thinning regimes were performed, so that thinning ratio by the number of culm for each thinning was approximately 5%. The digital hemispherical photographs were taken before and after each thinning, and the
sky factor was computed as a measure of light environment from the photographs.
The light environment became brighter and homogeneous as the thinning regimes progressed. The culm density was a good predictor of the light environment, and the relationship
between sky factor and culm density could be well expressed by an exponential equation. Because of the larger culm sizes and total leaf area, the change in light environment with
thinning was more sensitive in the P. pubescens stand than Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. stands examined in previous studies.
This suggested that species characteristics should be carefully considered when elaborating culm density control for Improving light environment in bamboo stands.
Relationships of light environment to stand attributes in a stand of bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens
Akio Inoue, Haruka Tateishi, Kotaro Sakuta, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Nobuya Mizoue, Fumiaki Kitaharad. Ecological Engineering 38 (2012) 135– 139