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Teaching ElementaryStudents Computer Sciencewith Scratch
ISTE-Washington DC / NECC 2009BYOL Session BBT06
Christopher Michaud, Nebo ElementaryPaulding County Schools
Dallas, Georgia
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Three Activities of Children
GamesStorytellingSimulations
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Why Programming?
Programming allows students to encode andreflect on sequential and logical thought in adynamic system.
Real applications of math concepts Coordinate plain Directions Grids/Arrays
Game making is a form of storytelling Develops Technological Fluency
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What is Scratch?
Scratch was developed by MIT to teachyoung students programming concepts anddevelop skill in multimedia communication.Using a visual system of "Tiles" that containcommands users can connect together tocreate scripts. These scripts direct thecharacters and objects in the program.
Website: www.scratch.mit.edu
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Why Scratch?
Easy and Fun!
Visual - way we think
Object orientated
Flexible - low floor, high ceiling
Runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux
Encourages Open source model
FREE!!!
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Hierarchy of Technology Skills1. Passive Reception: From creator to receiver with no action on receiver to alter
flow of content. (watching a video)2. Active Research: From creator to receiver with receiver selecting path and
specific points of content. (Surfing the web)3. Interactive 1 way: From creator to receiver through game model. Receiver must
master a skill to progress through activity. (Skill and Drill)4. Communication / Expression: User creates content and art with technology.
Verbal / Text Images Plot Web5. Interactive 2 way: creator and users interact. (Email, Blogs, Multi-User Virtual
Environments)6. Data manipulation and Analysis: User uses computer to interact and
manipulate the content and data.7. Software creation / programming: Users encodes logical thought and
algorithms into computer. User tells computer what to do. Provides platformsand engines for above skill sets.
8. Hardware creation: User designs and assembles hardware to run, input, displaysoftware.
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7 Essentials ElementaryProgramming:
Objects
Methods
Properties
Loops
Conditionals
Variables
Events{
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7 Essentials ElementaryProgramming:
Objects
Methods
Properties
Loops
Conditionals
Variables
Events{
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Computer Science ConceptsCovered in Elementary Scratch
Sequence
Iteration
Threading
Variables
Conditionals
Boolean Logic
Algorithms
Random numbers
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Installing ScratchWindows: Copy Scratch
Directory to C:\Drive
Double ClickScratch icon to open
OS X: Open Disk Image Scratch folder to
your home directory Double click Scratch
icon to open
LinuxCopy filesInstall SqueakRun Squeak in terminal withScratch.image“squeak Scratch.image”
Download:
www.scratch.mit.edu/pages/download
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Today’s Goals
Select Game type to Create Create a Sprite Code for moving Sprite around screen Sensing and interacting with other
Sprites Adding Sound Suggested Sequence for teaching
Scratch to Beginning Programmers
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Getting StartedScript SelectionButtons Pane:
Sprites Pane:Lists sprites inprogram.
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Online Scratch Exercise: Eater http://nebomusic.net/scratchlesson1/scratchexercise1.html
Lesson 1: Choosing a Sprite and Making it move in 4 directions.
Lesson 2: Sense the World - Using Conditional Statements.
Lesson 3: Something to Eat - Conditionals, Variables, Hiding,and Sound
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Online Scratch Exercise:Polygon Robot http://nebomusic.net/PolyRobotProject.html
http://http://nebomusicnebomusic.net/Polygon_Step_By_Step.html.net/Polygon_Step_By_Step.html
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Uploading and Accounts
Scratch provides free user accounts toupload your projects to the internet.
Allows other uses to run your programsthrough their web browser. (Uses Java)
“You Tube” for Scratch Programmers Access scripts - open source model Can embed Scratch applications in your
websites. (Example 1) / (Example 2)
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Types of Games / Sequencefor teaching beginners
Types of Games:
“Chasing”
“Red Light / GreenLight”
Pong
Target Games
Animations
Simulations
Sequence for Beginners:1. Creating/Drawing Sprites2. User Directed Movement3. Random Movement4. Costumes5. Interacting/Hide/Show6. If - Then Scripts7. “Bouncing”8. Scoring/Variables9. Sound and Stage10. Pen and Stamp11. Broadcast Commands12. Storytelling/Animation13. Simulations/Functions
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Sample Scratch Projects
www.nebomusic.net Student Projects by Students
Sample Projects for Students
Sample Teacher created Projects for MusicClass
Also more advanced project examplesincluded with Scratch Download.
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Have a Great Nebo Day!
Scratch On!
Questions: Please contact Mr. Michaudat:
www.nebomusic.net