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Linking Agriculture to Household EnergyDemand: A Ready Market of Three Billion
Project Gaia:A Global CleanStove & Fuel Initiative:
Harry Stokes
Brady Luceno
Gulce Askin
Cracking the Nut June 26, 2012
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Project Gaia Presentation Outline
1. Intro Video (5 Minutes)
Why is cooking important?
2. Powerpoint Presentation
Global Ag & Energy Issues +
CleanCook stove, fuel, ethanolmicrodistillery solution
Case Studies: Ethiopia, Nigeria,Madagascar, Haiti
3. CleanCook Stove Demonstration4. Question & Answer
5. Project Gaia Wrap-Up
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Why is Cooking Important?
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Project Gaia Organizational Overview
Who We Are:
International 5013 nonprofit, based in PA Established 1998, Incorporated 2007 PGI promotes an energy revolution
alcohol fuels for the developing world
Clean liquid fuel leader in the global clean-cooking fuels initiative (Global Alliance forClean Cookstoves & UNHCR)
Ethanol displaces charcoal, wood, dung andother low-grade biomass fuels
Stoves + ethanol mitigates emissions,
reduces health risks and deforestationassociated with woodfuels Takes culturally-sensitive approach to
provide household energy appliance that fitcommunity needs
Targets energy-poor communities
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Project Gaia/Gaia AssociationStudy and Project Sites
Projects and studies: Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa,Brazil, Kenya, Haiti and Mozambique.
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Supermodel & UNEP Ambassador GiseleBundchen (Jan 2012)
USEPA Administrator Lisa Jackson (Feb 2011)
HRH Prince Charles and the King of Sweden (Mar 2012)
Project Gaia Recognitionround the World
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The Problem: Health
3 billion people do not have access to a basic living standard:clean energyto cook or light their homes with.
Nearly 2 million deaths annually caused by illnesses related to indoor
smoke inhalation related to cooking and heating (one person every 20seconds)
low birth weight in infants, pneumonia and ALRI in children, COPD inadults, cardiovascular disease and cataracts
World Health Organization estimates harmful cookstove smoke to beone of the top five threats to public health in poor, developing countries
Energy povertyaffects everyone but it affects women and childrendisproportionately
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During this 1.5 hour session, 270 people will die fromillnesses resulting from indoor air pollution.
85% will be women and/or children.
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Besides being a leading global public health issue, thehealth issues resulting from indoor air pollution have
direct implications on rural ag. development.
1. Women comprise almost 50% of the agriculturallabor force in Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan
Africa and 20% in Latin America.
2. In developing countries in Africa and Asia and thePacific, women typically work 12 to 13 hours
perweek more than men.Estimate 20 hours per week collecting firewoodEstimate 4-6 hours per day cooking
International Fund for Agriculture Development, 2011
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The Problem: Environment
The Environment
Recent studies estimate that soot,or black carbon, is responsiblefor between 18 - 40% of global
warmingand 30% of arcticmelting. Black carbon can becontrolled by switching to cleanerfuels and stoves probably thequickest way to slow global
warming.
2 million tons of biomass are going up in smoke every day. CO2 is the principlegreen-house gas produced by biomass combustion, but not the only one. Carbonmonoxide and methane are also harmful emissions.Project Gaia is currently exploring carbon financing for ethanol stoves.
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The Problem: Economy of HH Fuels
Traditional fuels for sale inAddis Ababa. The cityscash economy pulls in thesewoodfuels, but they are no
longer cheap.
After food, fuel is the largestcash market in Africa. InAfrica the charcoal market isestimated to be $10-12
billion each year.
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Two examples ofdirty, smoky fuelsin common use:
Animal dung
Tif tif for sale.
This fuel is ablend of charcoaldust and clay.
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Food vs. Charcoal: Most fuel in Africa ispurchased =
Africans have purchasing power
Nairobi, KenyaPrice of charcoalvs. price of food.
This amount ofcharcoal might
only cook 2meals for afamily of 5
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The CleanCook Stove
Ethanol can be made sustainably from: Sugary materials such as sugarcane, sweet
sorghum, sugar beets, even mesquite pods Starches such as cassava (manioc or yucca),
potatoes, maize, even palms (Raffia, sago).
Cellulose materials like wood, grasses, andagricultural residues
Food wastes from urban centers, such asfruit and vegetable waste from the market,processing wastes, from coffee or canning
The Solution: Appropriate Technology
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The CleanCookStove
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The CleanCook Stove has logged
nearly3 million stoveuse days in the laboratoryand the field without a singlestove accident
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Our Strategy
1. Introduce efficient micro distilleries a simple, affordabletechnology
2. Close the loop between production and consumption.
3. Use co-products of ethanol distillation to heat homes, feedanimals and fertilize land.
Expected Results
1. Diversified income for smallholders
2. Jobs created along the supply chain: production, manufacturing,distribution, sales and marketing
3. Improved livelihoods
4. Increased investments into the most rural agricultural markets
Linking Energy and Agriculture
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Putting the Farmer into the Fuel Supply Chain
Woodfuel:
Ethanol:
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Where does the ethanol comefrom in Gaia projects?
Sugarcane wastes resulting fromproducing sugar from sugarcane
Large-scale production
Compost/vegetable waste
Microdistillery project underway
Small scale distilleries -sugarcane
Toaka gasy (low grade rum
production)
Ethiopia Madagascar
NigeriaHaiti
Sugarcane wastes
Beverage industry alcohol
Compost/vegetable waste
Small/medium- scale production
Cassava/manioc agri-wastes(starchy feedstock)
Largest cassava producer
Plan: create network of modularmicrodistilleries to produce fuel
MICRODISTILLERY MODEL
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MICRODISTILLERY MODEL:Integrating Food & Energy Systems
FAO Report, Feb 2011:IFES (Integrated Food Energy Systems)
Producing food and energy side-by-side may offer one of the best
formulas for boosting countries foodand energy security while alsoreducing poverty.
Farming systems that combinefood and energy crops present
numerous benefits to poor ruralcommunitiesAlexander Muller, FAO
Assistant Director-General for NaturalResources
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And Integrated Farm and EMD can produce alcoholfor sale and a variety of primary products:
Hot water Wet or Dry distillers grains for animal feed or for human
consumption CO2 for a greenhouse and stover or bagasse for compost/power for the boiler
As well as secondary products: Fish food for an aquaculture operation Fish products Mushrooms
Greenhouse vegetables
Co-Product Utilization and Sale:More ways to produce food & fuel
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Large Scale & Micro Distilleries Compared
Efficiency of scale is nota hard rule for ethanolproduction. Ethanoldistillation is scalable.Micro distilleries can bevery efficient. In certain
ways they can be moreefficient. Equipmentmay be simpler andelectricity co-gen maynot be feasible, butbecause they fit into the
local context better, theycan take advantage offeedstock & sitingopportunities.
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Measuring Attractiveness of Distillery Investment
1. Approximately 80% of the cost of the final fuel product depends on thefeedstock. Cheaper & underutilized feedstocks ideal (ex. In Africa molasses @
20$/ton)2. Co and By-Products open new markets
Grain based Animal feed Fertilizer
3. Adding value to marginalized lands/soils Versatility of feedstock crops (for example sweet sorghum in highly
deforested areas like Ethiopia & Haiti)4. Investing DIRECTLY in women and involving them across the value chain Feedstock cultivation, ethanol production, stove & fuel marketing and
distribution5. Vertical integration for emerging markets
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Case Study: Ethiopia
Gaia Association established 2005 as an Ethiopian NGO
Operating in Addis Ababa, rural regions, Kebribeyah, Awbarre andSheder Refugee Camps in eastern Ethiopia
Project partners: USEPA, ARRA,UNHCR, World Bank BEIA, NCF,Federal EPA and private donors
Pilot studies and stove scale-ups in rural and urban areas. Surveys, HHenergy reports, business plans and monitoring & evaluation
Local stove manufacturing in Addis Ababa
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Ethiopian Government ethanol production: plan to scale up to 345million liters annually by 2015.
Household energy is priority in National Biofuels Policy
Barriers: Top down control of fuel supply, fuel blending and exportspresent risks. Gasoline and petroleum fuels place inflationary pressureon centralized ethanol, which is a much cheaper fuel.
Ethiopia: Large-Scale Production
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Ethiopia: Small-Scale ProductionCommunity-owned Microdistilleries + CleanCook Stoves
Rural Regions
120 LPD EMD in Gambella, Amhara and Oromorural communities
Feedstock is sugarcane
Urban and Peri-urban (Addis Ababa)
1,000 lpd EMD in outskirts of Addis
Owned by FWFCA Womens Cooperative, withfunding from the World Bank & Nordic ClimateFund
Feasibility study to utilize urban market fruit andvegetable waste fuel from waste.
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Case Study: Nigeria
Implemented by Nigerian NationalBiotechnology Development Agency in OyoState.
EMD to produce ethanol for cooking andlighting
Vegetable and fruit waste and non-foodcrops (including the non-food portion ofcassava).
EMD from Brazilian Green Social Bioethanol
In collaboration with domestic private sectorpartners & local government
PGI facilitated purchase ofCleanCook ethanolstoves & provides training
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Case Study: Madagascar
World-Bank study to compare ethanolstoves with solid fuel stoves
Assessment of impacts on fuel use, time,
IAP, personal exposure, health outcomes.
Results show average of2.5 hrs per daysavings. Only ethanol stove reducedpersonal emissions exposure.
PGI currently working to build ethanolinfrastructure EMD workshop in July
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Small Scale Ethanol Production in Madagascar
Small scale ethanol plant with pieces and plumbing supplies under constructionat TanyMevasEthanol Fair in Antananarivo.
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Case Study: Haiti
Promote local production of ethanol fuelin the mid-term
Convert old sugar mills into ethanoldistilleries to produce domestic energy
supply
Partnerships with distillery owners andagriculture research orgs
Various sites for installation of new EMDequipment to create local ethanol supplychain.
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Haiti Ethanol Production Potential
In 1983 Haiti feditself andharvested 78,000Ha of sugarcane.Today it cannotfeed itself and
harvests less than17,000 Ha of cane.The food vs. fueldebate is not aboutlocal resources butglobal markets.
If Haitian farmers can thrive again,Haiti will thrive. Producing for a local stove fuelmarket will be good for farmers, who will earn a living and be able to plant next year.
H iti E l S i N M k t
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Haiti Example: Spurring New Marketswith a 2,000 LPD Plant
Creation of unprecedented markets for sugarcane, sweet sorghum,cassava using fallow lands
Immediate source of income for small farmers (contracts with EMD)
Less crop spoilage during transport
150 farmers for 2,000 LPD plant
Scale-up to1,500 farmers employed for 45,000 liters per day
20 factory jobs created
Ability to sell in small quantities creates job opportunities for fuel &stove retailers and distributers
AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION
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MADAGASCAR
MADAGASCAR
BRAZIL
BRAZIL
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Efficient tubular steam boilers capable of burning bagasse
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Ethanol Production from Various Feedstocks
Annual L/Ha Annual L/HaCattails in sewage with cellulose 93,500 Yams 879Cattails (starch only) 23,375 Corn 2,805
Cattails wild 10,051 Melons (Cucurbitaceae) 4,208
Sweet Sorghum (with cellulose) 32,725 Buffalo gourd (Cucurbita) 8,415
Sweet Sorghum cane 9,350 Prickly Pear Cactus, managed 8,415
Grain Sorghum 2,338 Prickly Pear wild 3,273
Cassava 16,830 Mesquite, managed 3,188
Nipa palms (Phillipines) 20,009 Castor bean (Jatropha) 3,029
Nipa palm (wild) 6,078 Rice, rough 1,870
Sago palm (wild, New Guinea) 6,078 Coffee pulp 1,403
Sugar cane (22 month crop) 8,415 Pinapples 729
Molasses 1,477 Mangos 944
Tropical Sugar Beets 5,610 Papayas 851Potatoes, starch only 3,740 Bananas 1,477
Sweet Potatoes 2,057 Cashew apple (India) 486
Yield Table -- Conventional and Alternative Feedstocks
Divide each value by 365 to compute number of houses served. If cassava yields 16,830liters/hectare, this is 128 houses provided with cooking for 3 meals each day.
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1. Local production ofclean fuel in both urban and rural settings.
2. Bioethanol is intrinsically cheap to produce. It starts its pricebuild-up at the micro distillery gate at far below that of petroleumfuels. It never has to enter a wider market where commodity pricingcould have an inflationary effect.
3. As a result, ethanol will be able to compete with purchased solidbiomass fuels (wood and charcoal) in most markets.
4. Locally produced fuel has a short supply chain. The producer canretail directly, without the middlemen.
5. This makes the fuel more accessible to base-of-the-pyramidbuyers.
6. Stimulates local agricultural markets. Creates jobs harvestingand transporting crops, operating machinery, retailing fuel.
7. Keeps wealth in the local community.
Benefits of Small-Scale Ethanol Production
Th Y f S i bl E f All
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The Year of Sustainable Energy for AllOfficially launched by UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon at 2012 UN Conference onSustainable Development (Rio+20)
The Objectives:
Universal access by 2030 | Improve Energy efficiency | DoubleRenewable Energy in Global Mix
The Commitments:
Governments: More than 50 Governments have undertaken strategicreforms where needed, and attract new investments and financialsupport.
US alone committed $2 billion in grants, loans and loanguarantees
Private Sector: $50 billion in commitments from businesses and
investors
Other key stakeholders: multilateral development banks,international and civil society
The SE4All initiative calls on these groups to mobilize on andaddress high-impact opportunities.
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Creating Public-Private Global Partnerships
Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves
100 by 20 goal calls for 100 million homes toadopt clean and efficient stoves and fuels by 2020
What does this mean for us?
A strong international commitment to householdenergy
A focus on household energy: cooking and lighting
New market opportunities for the private sector
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Thank You!
[email protected]@projectgaia.com
www.projectgaia.com