Download - Project green buildings (be)
GREENBUILDIN
GS•BY:LOKESH ZOPE – 0715048•PROJECT GUIDE: PROF. V. S. NARWANE
WHY DO WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT BUILDINGS?
• Buildings consume almost one-third of the total energy produced
• Problems of energy crisis are impending
• Buildings are the places where humans spend their maximum time
• A conducive environment to work is always beneficial for efficient work output
RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION
HUMAN COMFORT
SOLAR GRID-TIE CONNECTION
SUN
INVESTMENTSYSTEM
REQUIREMENT
HOW TO SIZE?
ORIENTATION
SUNPATH
AZIMUTH ANGLE:Ø
IV curve of Solar Photo-Voltaic
IV CURVE FOR SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC
• Operating Point
• Maximum Power Point Trackers
DESIGN PROCEDURE
1. SYSTEM SIZING
Pac = Power required (KWh/yr) = 620000 =340KW Hours/day of 1Sun x 365 days/yr 5 x 365
Pdcstc = Pac = 340/0.97 = 350KW Conversion Efficiency
2. ORIENTATION
NTilt angle = 90 – βN
Where, βN = 90° - L + δ δ = 23.45 sin[(360/365)(n-81)]
Month N δ βN Tilt
January 1 -23.01 48.98 41.01
February 32 -17.51 54.49 35.51
March 60 -8.29 63.71 26.29
April 91 4.01 76.01 13.99
May 121 14.90 86.9 3.10
June 152 22.03 94.03 -4.03
July 182 23.12 95.12 -5.12
August 213 17.91 89.91 0.09
September 244 7.72 79.72 10.28
October 274 -4.21 67.79 22.21
November 305 -15.36 56.64 33.36
December 335 -22.10 49.90 40.10
TILT ANGLE
OPTIMUM ANGLE: 18.82°
3.1 SELECTION OF PANELS
Type• Area• Cost
Rated power output • Arrang
ement• Maxim
um possible
Power tolerance• Minim
um -3%
Size• Area
available
• Maintenance area
Guarantee• Atleast
for 25 years (80% efficiency)
3.2 SELECTION OF INVERTER
Voltage range• Should fit
the output voltage range of the string of panels
Efficiency• Atleast
97%
No. of MPPTrackers• Better to
have multiple in no.
Input and output Power• Should fit
the range
4. ECONOMICS
Total investment = Cost of inverter + cost of panels + cost of connectors + cost of module maintenance systems + installation charges Cost of inverters: $4000 x 35 = Rs. 6.5 croreCost of solar photovoltaic panels: Rs.23700 x 1155 = Rs. 2.7 crore Total cost: Rs. 9.2 croreApproximately total investment: Rs. 10 CroreThe total cost spent in buying power per year: Rs. 72,00,000 Total money saved: First 5 years: full efficiency (i.e. the system will provide entire power) Rs. 72,00,000 x 5 = Rs. 3.6 Crore Next 7 years: 90% efficiency Rs.72,00,000 x 0.9 x 7 = Rs. 4.536 Crore Next 13 years: 80% efficiency Rs. 72,00,000 x 0.8 x 13 = Rs. 7.488 Crore (The company of the panels provide the product guarantee of above efficiencies)
Total saving for 25 years after installation: Rs. 15.622 Crore
Inflation rate of cost of power
Investment gains
10511
35
300W x 1155 Panels : 346 KW
1155 : 11 x 105
11 Panels : Max voltage: 36.86 x 11 = 405V
Inverter Input Voltage : 300V – 600V
ARRAY
HUMAN COMFORT
• Human body = Heat producing machine
• Q = m. Cv. δT
• Forced convection
Finite element method
• Modeling• Fluid flow conditions• Include temperature, velocity, pressure• Find stagnation point• Find pathlines• Strategically placing chimneys and inlets and outlets• Re-modeling
USAGE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS
DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARY
N
ROOM MODELLING IN ICEM-CFD
MESH
MESH CUT PLANE
MESH TOP VIEW
VORTICES
LESSER PATHLINES
STAGNANCY POINT
VELOCITY PATHLINES:
700
LOUVERS
SOLAR CHIMNEY-Stack Effect
-Qstack= 60 x CD x A x sqrt(2 x g x h x ((Ti-To)/Ti))
- Duct size: 1:1 (Reduce frictional losses)
6” WALL WITHOUT PLASTER
INTERNAL AREA: 0.098m2
AREA INCLUDING WALL: 0.3817m2
HEIGHT: 5 feet (1.525m)
DUCT SIZE: 0.7m x 0.7m
ROOM MODELWITH
CHIMNEYVENTS
CHIMNEY VENTS
VENTILATION IMPROVED
VELOCITY PATHLINES:
700
NO STAGNANT AIR
MORE PATHLINES
CONCLUSION
Effective
Economic
Adds to the reputation
An alterna
te energy source: SOLAR POWE
R
Effective ventilation
No running cost
Ventilation
improved:
SOLAR CHIMN
EY
1 EQ International: January-February 11
2 LEED India NC Guide (IGBC)
3 Brochure and Programs - Energy Efficiency Summit: 2010 - 1 - 4 Sep 10
4
Book references:
[1] Renewable and efficient electric power systems: By Gilbert M. Masters
[2] Solar energy: fundamentals and applications: By Garg & Prakash, H. P. Garg
[3] Solar Energy : Principles Of Thermal Collection And Storage: By Sukhatme
5
Website references:
[1] SMA inverters: http://www.sma.de/en/products/solar-inverters/sunny-tripower.html
[2] Insolation data: http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/mumbai.html
[3] TITAN solar panels: http://www.titansolar.com/titan/modules.html
[4] http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php
[5] http://eai.in/blog/2009/07/cost-of-solar-power-in-india-over-rs-15.html
[6] Wikipedia
[7] Youtube
[8] Google Images
REFERENCES
THANK YOU