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Provisioning CERNET with Dark Fiber
Xing Li , Congxiao BaoCERNET Center
<2003-04-08>
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Outline
Background
CERNET Optical Network
Operation Experience
Perspective
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CERNET
China Education and Research Network is one of
the 10 national IP backbones in Mainland China
CERNET is the 2nd largest IP backbone
The equipment founding came from MoE and
State Planning Commission
The Operation is self funded
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CERNET Link History
1995– 64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers
1996– 512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers
– 9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers
1997– 3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers
– 64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers
1999– 155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers
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CERNET Layer 3 Topology
徐闻
长春
哈尔滨
乌鲁木齐
拉萨
西宁兰州
银川
呼和浩特
台北
沈阳
南昌
西安 徐州
武汉 合肥
郑州
石家庄
北京
南宁
广州
福州
杭州上海
南京
天津
贵阳
海口三亚
湛江
无锡
大连
太原 济南 烟台
成都
长沙
重庆 黄梅
九江
昆明
青岛
汕头
唐山
汉中
宜昌
珠海深圳
惠州
柳州百色 厦门
主干网地区网
GigaPopPop
桂林
深圳
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CERNET Statistics
36 PoPs covers all the provincial capitals
More than 1,000 universities located in 200+ cities
Currently about 10M users
There are 320M Students in China
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大连
北京
郑州
石家庄
武汉 合
肥
南京
上海
长沙
南昌 杭
州
广州
福州
成都
昆明
重庆
厦门
海口
桂林
沈阳
哈尔滨天津
济南
南宁
深圳
太原 青岛
GZ
SHNJWH
BJSY
XA
CD
CERNET Dark Fiber Topology
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Current Architecture
DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent
SDH 16x155M Lucent
Router Cisco Router Cisco
2.5G
2.5G
155M
Dark Fiber
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CERNET Transport Network
Transport network
– 20,000 km
– 200+ relay stations
– DWDM 16x2.5G
– SDH 155M
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Three Types DWDM sites
OA: Optical Amplifier
Terminal
Dual-Face
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CERNET DWDM System
16x2.5G DWDM system (two lambda’s are currently runni
ng)
OC48 POS links to 8 cities
OC3 POS SDH links to all provincial capitals (except Lhas
a)
unicast and multicast
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DWDM System
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TransmitReceive 3R
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Transmit Receive 3R
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
20 ppm
50 ppm
PLL
50 ppm
PLL
LOOPTIMING
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Hut Spacing
Span Span Span
Span Span Span SpanOptical
Amplifier
SpanRegenerator
Hut Spacing: 40 km vs 65 km vs 100 km vs … x km
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Power Budget
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Configuration of Terminal Site
OTU1
OTU2
OTUn
OM
U
OTU1
OTU2
OTUn
OD
U
OA
OA
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Configuration of Dual-Face Site
OTU1
OTU2
OTUn
OM
U
OTU1
OTU2
OTUn
OD
U
OA
OA
OD
UO
MU
OA
OA
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Typical Site Configuration Example
To Beijing To Hefei
(Ring1)
OLS80G6x155M(e)+4x155M(e)
To Guangzhou5x155M(e)
ADM16/1
(Ring2)
(Ring3)
2.5G To Beijing2.5G To Nanjing
2.5G To Guangzhou
TimingTSG3800
PRR-10 GSP48VPower
To University
9x155M(o)+5x155M(o)+4x155M(o)
ADM16/1
ADM16/1
ADM16/1
2x15
5Me)
ADM16/1
3x155M(e)4x155M(e)
OLS80G
3c
3c
9c1c
2c
3c
3c
1c
2c
9c
9c
2c
1c 1c
9c
4c2.5G To Chengdu
4x155M(e)
To Chengdu
2c
4c
3c
9c
OLS80G
OLS80G
OLS80G
OLS80G
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Stations
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Some Reality
Because POS interface is wavelength insensitive,
OTU need not to be used after ODU.
Because DWDM system is point-to-point connection
and has no self-healing capability, layer 3 routing
restoration must be depended in case of fiber
break.
Optical character test of optical interface must be
done periodically because of aging both in
equipment and fiber.
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CERNET Backbone Bandwidth
CERNET
US
0.001
0.1
10
1000
100000
10000000
Dec-
94
Dec-
96
Dec-
98
Dec-
00
Dec-
02
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Backbone Traffic
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CoreRouter
CoreRouter
CoreRouter
CoreRouter
CoreRouter
CoreRouter
borderRouter
EdgeRouter
EdgeRouter
EdgeRouterEdge
Router
EdgeRouter
2.5G POS
WAN
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Beijing
GELAN
GELAN
GELAN
GELAN
GELAN
GEMAN
To Japan
User Network (IPv6)
MAN/LAN
MAN/LAN
CERNET DWDM for IPv6-CJ Testbed
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Next Step
ELH for 3,500 km DWDM system– Remove SDH Layer
– Use OADM Unified Management System
– Optical
– IP
OXC– Traffic Engineering
CWDM for the MAN– City PoPs
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CapEx and OpEx is Reduced by ELH-DWDM
Replacing O-E-O by OA
2,000 km
EDFA/RAMAN
O-E-O Regenerator
Terminal Site
650 km 650 km
Terminal Site
650 km
EDFA EDFA EDFA
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Unified Control Plane (UCP)
Addressing, Routing, and Signaling ProtocolsAddressing, Routing, and Signaling Protocols
Common Set of Control Functions
Control Network
Generalized across Disparate Transport TechnologiesGeneralized across Disparate Transport Technologies
UCP Beneficiaries and Functions
End User On Demand, Optical Channel Provisioning
Transport Provider Low Cost Per Bit Data Aware Optimization
Application Provider New, Differentiated Services—At a Profit
UCP Beneficiaries and Functions
End User On Demand, Optical Channel Provisioning
Transport Provider Low Cost Per Bit Data Aware Optimization
Application Provider New, Differentiated Services—At a Profit
IP IP
MetroDWDMMetro
DWDMCore
DWDMMetro
SONETMetro
SONET
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Fiber ring OIX with OBGP
Figure 11.0
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850nm : 778nm 、 801nm 、 825nm 、 850nm
O—Band:1275.5nm 、 1300.2nm 、 1324.7nm 、 1349.2nm
( 1290 、 1310 、 1330 、 1350 )
E—Band:1380 nm 、 1400nm 、 1420nm 、 1440nm
S+C+L Band:1470nm 、 1490nm 、 1510nm 、 1530nm 、 1550nm 、 1570nm 、 1590nm 、 1610nm
Spectrum of CWDM
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CNGI
Testbed
Test and Measurement
Network Services
Demo Applications
Commercial Services
Network Equipment