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PULMONARY EDEMASLIDE #30
BY: Martin Allen Buenaventura2b - group2
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CASE A 60 year old female,
known hypertensive and diagnosed of CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE complained of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dsypnea. Atrial fibrillation occurred and patient succumbed.
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What is Edema?
Is defined as an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid within a tissue
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Etiology
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Etiology
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etiology
Cardiogenic – primary cause
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oncotic pressure: Nephrotic syndrome, hypoproteinemia
Lymphatic obstruction
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pathogenesis Left sided heart failure
(MI, cardiomyopathy,HPN, valvular dse → decrease pumping ability to the systemic circulation → congestion and accumulation of blood in the pulmonary area → fluid leaks out of the intravascular space to the interstitium → accumulation of fluid in the alveoli
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS)
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS)
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS) 2-3 times heavier than
the normal weight Lungs appear red due to
congestion Sectioning of the lung
reveals a frothy blood tinged mixture of air and edema fluid.
Brown induration
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(histologic)
There is thickening of alveolar septal wall
Congestion of alveolar capillaries
Transudation-Alveolar lumen is filled with transudate (pale-eosinophilic, finely granular), a liquid which replaces the air.
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(histologic)
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Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Edema
Tachypnea (+) crackles Cyanosis Dyspnea Orthopnea Coughing with blood-tinged sputum