Download - PY212 Electricity and Magnetism
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PY212Electricity and Magnetism
I. Electrostatics
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I-1 Electric Charge
• Why Electrostatics?
• Demonstration of Electrostatic Effects.
• The Electric Charge and its Properties.
• The Coulomb’s Law.
• Some Applications of the C. L.
• Electric Field and Electric Intensity
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I-2 Gauss’ Law
• The Electric Flux.• The Gauss’ Law.• The Charge Density.• Use the G. L. to calculate the field of a
• A Point Charge• An Infinite Uniformly Charged Wire• An Infinite Uniformly Charged Plane• Two Infinite Charged Planes
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I-3 Electric Potential
• Conservative Fields.
• The Existence of the Electric Potential.
• Work done on Charge in Electrostatic Field.
• Relations of the Potential and Intensity.
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I-4 Electric Fields
• Relation of the Potential and Intensity
• The Gradient
• Electric Field Lines and Equipotential Surfaces.
• Motion of Charged Particles in Electrostatic Fields.
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I-5 Special Electrostatic Fields
• Electric Charge and Field in Conductors.
• The Field of the Electric Dipole.
• Behavior of E. D. in External Electric Field.
• Examples of Some Important Fields.
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I-6 Capacitance and Capacitors
• An Example of Storing a Charge.
• Capacity x Voltage = Charge.
• Various Types of Capacitors.
• Capacitors in Series.
• Capacitors in Parallel.
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I-7 Electric Energy Storage and Dielectrics
• Electric Energy Storage.
• Inserting a Conductor into a Capacitor.
• Inserting a Dielectric into a Capacitor.
• Microscopic Description of Dielectrics
• Concluding Remarks to Electrostatics.
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II. Electro-kinetics
Stationary Electric Currents
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II–1 Ohm’s Law
• Charges Move - Electric Currents
• Power Sources
• The Ohm’s Law
• Resistance and Resistors
• Transfer of Charge, Energy and Power
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II–2 Microscopic View of Electric Currents
• The Resistivity and Conductivity.
• Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators.
• The Speed of Moving Charges.
• The Ohm’s Law in Differential Form.
• The Classical Theory of Conductivity.
• The Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
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II–3 DC Circuits I
• Resistors in Series and Parallel.
• Resistor Networks.
• General Topology of Circuits.
• Kirchhoff’s Laws – Physical Meaning.
• The Use of the Kirchhoff’s Laws.
• The superposition principle.
• The Use of the Loop Currents Method.
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II–4 DC Circuits II
• Real Power Sources.
• Building DC Voltmeters and Ammeters.
• Using DC Voltmeters and Ammeters.
• Wheatstone Bridge.
• Charging Accumulators.
• The Thermocouple.
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III. Magnetism
Fields produced mostly by moving charges acting on moving charges.
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III–1 Magnetic Fields
• Introduction into Magnetism.
• Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Fields.
• Magnetic Induction.
• Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields.
• Forces on Electric Currents.
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III–2 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
• Forces on Moving Electric Charges
• Biot-Savart Law
• Ampere’s Law.
• Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields.
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III–3 Magnetic Dipoles
• Magnetic Dipoles• The Fields they Produce
• Their Behavior in External Magnetic Fields
• Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields• Solenoid
• Toroid
• Thick Wire with Current
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III–4 Application of Magnetic Fields
• Applications of Lorentz Force• Currents are Moving Charges• Moving Charges in El. & Mag.• Specific charge Measurements• The Story of the Electron.• The Mass Spectroscopy.• The Hall Effect.• Accelerators
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III–5 Magnetic Properties of Materials
• Introduction to Magnetic Properties
• Magnetism on the Microscopic Scale.
• Diamagnetism.
• Paramagnetism.
• Ferromagnetism.
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IV. Electromagnetic Induction
Further relations between electric and magnetic fields
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IV–1 Faraday’s Law
• Introduction into Electro-magnetism.
• Faraday’s Experiment.
• Moving Conductive Rod.
• Faraday’s Law.
• Lenz’s Law.
• Examples
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IV–2 Inductance
• Transporting Energy.
• Counter Torque, EMF and Eddy Currents.
• Self Inductance
• Mutual Inductance
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IV–3 Energy of Magnetic Field
• Transformers
• Energy of Magnetic Field
• Energy Density of Magnetic Field
• An RC Circuit
• An RL Circuit
• An RLC Circuit - Oscilations
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V. Alternating Currents
Voltages and currents may vary in time.
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V–1 Alternating Voltages and Currents
• Introduction into Alternating Currents.
• Mean Values
• Harmonic Currents.
• Phase Shift
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V–2 AC Circuits
• Power in AC Circuits.
• R, L and C in AC Circuits. Impedance.
• Description using Phasors.
• Generalized Ohm’s Law.
• Serial RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits.
• Parallel RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits.
• The Concept of the Resonance.
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VI. Electromagnetic Waves
All the important physics in electromagnetism can be expressed in Maxwell’s Equations with interesting
consequences.
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VI–1 Maxwell’s Equations
• Generalized Ampères Law.
• Maxwell’s Equations.
• Production of Electromagnetic Waves.
• Electromagnetic Waves Qualitatively.
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VI–2 Electromagnetic Waves
• Properties of Electromagnetic Waves:• Relations of E and B.
• The speed of Light c.
• Energy Transport S.
• Radiation Pressure P.
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VII. Optics
Originally: Properties and Use of Light.
Now: Much More General.
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VII–1 Introduction into Geometrical Optics
• Introduction into Optics.
• Margins of Geometrical Optics.
• Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics.
• Ideal Optical System.
• Fermat’s Principle.
• Reflection and Reflection Optics.
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VII–2 Basic Optical Elements and Instruments
• Refraction, Dispersion and Refraction Optics.
• Thin Lenses. Types and Properties.
• Combination of Lenses.
• Basic Optical Instruments• Human Eye
• Magnifying Glass
• Telescope
• Microscope
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VII–3 Introduction into Wave Optics
• Huygens’ Principle and Coherence.• Interference
• Double Slit• Thin Film
• Diffraction• Single Slit• Gratings• X-Rays, Bragg Equation.• Wave Limits of Geometrical Optics.
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