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Chicago-Kent College of Law
From the SelectedWorks of Katharine K. Baker
2017
Quacking Like a Duck? Functional ParenthoodDoctrine and Same-Sex ParentsKatharine K. Baker
Available at: https://works.bepress.com/katharine_baker/34/
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Chicago-Kent Law ReviewVolume 92Issue 1 Changing American State and FederalChildcare Laws
Article 7
7-26-2017
Quacking Like a Duck? Functional ParenthoodDoctrine and Same-Sex ParentsKatharine K. Baker
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview
Part of the Law Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusionin Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, pleasecontact [email protected].
Recommended CitationKatharine K. Baker, Quacking Like a Duck? Functional Parenthood Doctrine and Same-Sex Parents, 92 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 135 (2017).Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol92/iss1/7
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We believe (as with ducks) that if it looks like a family, if it holds itself out as a family, and if it functions like a family, then it is a family.
See In re
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SeeLegal Recognition of LGBT Families
see Second-Parent Adoption Laws,
Id.
See infra
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two
See infra
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opts outopt-in
See infraSee infraSee Voluntary Acknowledgements of Parentage for Same Sex Couples
See infra The DNA Default and its Discontents: Establishing Modern Parenthood
See infra
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See Partners, Care Givers, and the Constitutional Substance of Parenthoodin
See Marriage and Parenthood as Status and Rights: The Growing, Problem-atic and Possibly Constitutional Trend to Disaggregate Family Status from Family Rights,
The Hidden Structure of Taking Law
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Id.
PrinceYoder
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Parham “Parental” Rights
supra
Parents as Fiduciaries
Property Rules Meet Feminist Needs: Respecting Autonomy by Valuing Connection
See Lochner’s LegacyLochner v. New York
Lochner
supra
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Prince v. Massachusetts
parens patraie
Troxel v. Granville
Troxel
supraid.
See
supra
parens patriaeId. See
parens patriaeparens patriae
See Troxel
See also
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, fillius nullius
supra Troxel
See e.g.
Legitimate Families and Equal Protection
See generally Marital Supremacy and the Constitution of the Nonmarital Family
Illegitimacy and Sex, Old and New
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supraSee supra
See also supra
supra
See
See supra
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See Single Parent Adoptions
See also
See
Id.Id.
(
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agreement
AB
C
AB C
B C Alegal
B C
A B
Id.
See id.See e.g.
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B CA
Asymmetric Parenthood, in
Id.
See e.g.
See supra
The Genetic Tie
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AB
B C
A B
A B
BC
B C
A. Function and Strong Intent: A and B Clearly Agree to Co-Parent
Holtzman v. Knot
See infraSee infraSee infra
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Holtzman
Holtzman
JAL v. EPH
ENO v. LLM
Id.Id.
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Rubano v. DiCenzo
Frazier v. Goudschaal
Id.supra
Id.Id.
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B. Function and Questionable Intent: A and B May Not Agree
HoltzmanJAL ENO
Janice M. v Margaret K
A.H. v. M.P.
ENO
In re
See infra
Madelyn B.
IdId.
Id.
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A.H.
A.H.
A.H.
Debra H. v. Janice R.,Alison D. v. Virginia M
Id.
Id.
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Debra H. Alison D.
Brooke S.B. v. Elizabeth A. C.C.
.
Janice MConover v. Conover
Conover
Id.Id.Debra H.
Id.Id. Id.
Id.
Id.
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Conover
Conover
B C
C. Holding Out and The Relationship Between B and C
V.C. v. M.J.B
Id.
Id.
See
See supra
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Elisa B v. Superior Court
Chatterjee v. King
M.J.B.
See infraM.J.B.
Id See Personal Exemp-
tions and Dependents
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Elisa BChatterjee
who how
Id.Id.
See also Elisa B. In re
See supra
See
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See
infra
sin qua non
Id.See e.g. infra
Seeex rel.
ChatterjeeSee e.g. In re
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D. Summary
See
In re
SeeSee generally supra
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B CChatterjee,
Eliza B M.J.B. Conover
B CA
.Chatterjee
Elisa B.
Lawrence v. TexasSee generally The Domesticated Liberty of ,
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B C A
A B
A. VAPs as an Opting-in System
requires
See supra
. See supra
See Reforming Paternity Law to Eliminate Gender, Status, & Class Inequality
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A BC A B
C
id.
See Homogenous Rules for Het-erogeneous Families: The Standardization of Family Law When There is No Standard Family
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ex postex ante parens patraie
See supra
Seeparens patriae
parens patraie
See Parents Face Fines, Jail Time for Failure to ImmunizeThe
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parens patraie
Truancy TrapIn This City, Parents Must Now Pay Up if Their Child is a Bully
See supraSee The Basics: Becoming a Legal Guardian in New York State
See
See
See
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parens patraie
B. The Case Against Function
parens patraie
Prince v. Mass.parens patraie
See e.g.
A Feminist Proposal to Bring Back Common Law Marriage
Id.
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Debra H.
M.J.B.
SeeSee infra
Rendering Children Illegitimate in Former Partner Parenting Cases: Hiding Behind the Façade of Certainty,
always
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A.H.
See also In re
The Limits of Functional Family: Lesbian Mother Litigation in the Era of the Eternal Biological Family
See High Conflict Divorce
See generally supra
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See Family Court Reform and ADR: Shifting Values & Expectations Transform the Divorce Process,
See Introductionsupra
. See Fixed Rules and Discretion in Contemporary Family Law. and Succession Law
See generally supra
See Rethinking the Substantive Rules for Custody Disputes in Divorce
The Politics of Custody and the Transformation of American Custody Decision Making
Solomonic Judgments: Against the Best Interest of the Child
See
V.C. v. M.J.B.
Michael H
Which Ties Bind? Redefining the Parent-Child Relationship in an Age of Genetic Certainty
Burchard
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A.H. M.J.B.not
Burchard
A BB C
B C
M.J.B.
supra
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a. Romantic Relationships
Couples and Coupling in the Public Sphere: A Comment on the Legal History of Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights
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b. Two Parents
Frazier v. Goudschaalfamily unit
Chatter-jee
family.Frazier
Chatterjee
c. Consent
See The Paradox of Family Privacy
In re
In re
See
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d. Protecting the Sperm Donor
See
Id.See
See generally Intent to Contract
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Thomas S. v. Robin Y.
Jason P. v Danielle S.
E.E. v. O.M.G.R.
Gendering Legal Parenthood: Bio-Genetic Ties, Intentionality and Responsibil-ity
supra
See
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e. Mothering
A.H.
See supra
supraSee supraSee e.g. In re
See Gallagher Pettinato See alsosupra
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B C is
See The Problem with Unpaid Work
See generally
See Money, Housework, Sex and Conflict: Same-Sex Couples in Civil Unions, Those Not in Civil Unions, and Heterosexual Married Siblings
Supporting Children, Balancing Lives,
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Id.
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ex ante
ex post