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Resistance and Repression
• After Reconstruction, most African Americans were sharecroppers
• Many of them joined the Populist Party, which angered white Democrats who turned to racist tactics to win the support of poor whites
• By 1890 election officials in the south began using methods to make it difficult for Blacks to vote
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Disfranchising African Americans
• Southern states used loopholes to impose voting restrictions on Blacks– Poll taxes– Literacy tests– Grandfather clause
• Southern states passed laws that enforced segregation in public places– Called “Jim Crow Laws”
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Disfranchising African Americans
• In 1883 the Supreme Court overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875
• The Supreme Court ruling in Plessey vs. Ferguson legalized “separate but equal” facilities
• Violence against Blacks increased– Between 1890 and 1899, hundreds of lynchings
took place in the south.
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Disfranchising African Americans
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African American Response
• In 1892 Ida B. Wells began an anti-lynching crusade– She wrote newspaper articles and a book
denouncing lynchings and mob violence against Blacks
• Booker T. Washington urged fellow African Americans to concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political ones.– He explained his views in a speech known as the
Atlanta Compromise
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African American Response
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African American Response
• W. E. B. duBois challenged the Atlanta Compromise
• He believed that African Americans had to demand their rights, especially voting rights in order to gain full equlaity