Download - Rapid Oil Consumption Measurement
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APL AUTOMOBIL – PRÜFTECHNIK LANDAU GMBH
Industriegebiet OstAm Hölzel 11
D-76829 LandauGermany
+49.6341.991.0www.apl-landau.de
Rapid Oil Consumption Measurement
A new instrument for optimisation of lube oil formulation and reduction of oil related emissions
3rd International Conference
LUBRICANTS RUSSIA- 2007 -
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Oil Consumption – Oil Emission
lubeoil in exhaust gas
oil emission
lubrication piston-piston ring-cylinder
eva
po
ratio
n
flin
gin
g o
ff
reve
rse
bBlo
w-by
scra
pin
g
unburnt HCsfrom lubeoil
oil sump volume = lubeoil + fuel + water + ... fresh oil
valv
e lu
bric
atio
n
lub
rica
tion
TC
Blo
w-b
y
crack products& PM
lea
kag
es
de
po
sits
in e
ng
ine
oil consumption
fue
l
com
bu
stio
n d
ep
osi
ts,
wa
ter
oil sump balance
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Mechanism EvaporationTemperatures 0 - 720° Crank Angle
eva
po
rati
on
oilfilm
liner
water
pis
ton
top ring
2nd ring
Lo
g (
T)
oilfilm
cylinder liner
cooling wateroil evaporation
combustion chamber above piston
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Oil Consumption MeasurementMethods
SO2
ChlorPyren
TritiumBrom
not radioactive
radioactive
with tracer
levelmeasurement
drain / weighmethod
volumetricgravimetric
conventional
selective ion calculationin mass spectra
groups of HC- molecules, unchanged fuels + lubes
without tracer
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Composition of Fuels & Lubes
Gasoline
Lubeoil
Diesel fuel
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Carbon Atoms [-]
distance
overlap
Hydrocarbons
carbonhydrogen
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Inte
nsity
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Mass(m) / Charge(z)[Atomic mass units]
CO2
ArO2
N2H2O
ambient airsubstances
benzenetoluene
xylene
ring-shaped hydrocarbons
aliphatic hydrocarbons
Gasoline < 160 m/z Oil emission measuring range > 170 m/z
Diesel fuel < 290 m/z Oemr > 300 m/z
Measuring MethodMass Segments for Oil Emission
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vacuum pump
sampling in exhaust system
mass spectrometer
pre vacuum
high vacuum
Rapid Oil Emission Measurement Principle
Frequency < 250 Hz
ion source
hexapol
quadrupoles
detector
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Stationary Comparison of OilsOil related oil consumption differences
Comparison of Oils C, D & E
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 2000 4000 6000
Engine Speed [rpm]
Oil
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n [
g/h
]
Oil C WoTOil D WoTOil E WoTOil C 50% WoTOil D 50% WoTOil E 50% WoT
4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine
•measurement•flushing•measurement•flushing•measurement•flushing
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Comparison of Oils over Time
Comparison of Oils A & B
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Running Time [h]
Wo
T O
il C
on
sum
pti
on
[%
]
Oil AOil B
running in constant low level
running in increasing level
delt
a f
resh
delt
a e
ot
combination of online methods:
•rapid oil emission•radio nuclid wear
+ simulation+ calculation
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30
0 h
Comparison of Oil Emission Maps
20
h
OIL A OIL B
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Comparison of Oil Emission Maps vs Time
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Influence of Motoring / Intake VacuumDynamic Behaviour
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700time [s]
oil
em
issi
on
[g
/h]
modified by motoring
motored: throttle closed
fired: 20Nm load
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Dynamic Comparison of OilsTest Cycle
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time [min]
En
gin
e S
pe
ed
[rp
m]
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
To
rqu
e [N
m]
fired
mot
ored
4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine
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Dynamic Comparison of Oils C, D & ETest Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time [min]
Oil
Con
sum
ptio
n [g
/h]
Oil C Oil D Oil E
Peak oil consumption up to 500 g/h
4-cyl 2 litresgasoline engine
- 1000
1000
3000
5000
7000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60- 50
50
150
250
WOT oil consumptionsD < E < C
peak oil consumptionsD < C < E
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Summary & Conclusions
1. A new rapid oil consumption measurement technique allows measurements up to 250 Hz
2. This enables the "fine tuning" of lube oils like no other method
3. For some OEMs the traditional oil quality specifications, together with their on top in-house requirements are no longer sufficient
4. Oil quality and formulation modifications can quickly be compared without influence of changes in the engine
5. In combination with online wear measurement this is the quickest development tool for the moment
6. Simulation techniques and calculations can additionally support the lube oil development