Recent Political Thought. by Francis W. CokerReview by: C. G. FenwickThe American Journal of International Law, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Oct., 1934), pp. 809-810Published by: American Society of International LawStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2190769 .

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BOOK REVIEWS 809

Lozan (Lausanne). By Mehmet Cemil. Istanbul: Ahmet Ihsan Matbaasi, Ltd., 1933. 2 Vols. 700 Kurustur. The author of this work, written in Turkish, is Dean of the Law School of

Ankara and Professor of International Law at that School. His is one of the best works to come out of Turkey in a long time. An historical introduction covering nearly one-half of the first volume deals with the reasons leading Turkey to enter the World War, and evaluates the effects of its participation. The attempt to throw the entire responsibility at the door of the Allies is not convincing. It is true that the inept diplomacy and the conflicting interests of the Allies did not prevent Turkey's throwing its destiny with that of Germany, but it is impossible to deny prime responsibility to Emver Pacha and his friends. The author does not use the abundant documentary ma- terial available in this respect. The rest of the first volume deals with the Armistice, the occupation of Smyrna by Greece, the peace negotiations, the claims of the Greeks, the Treaty of Sevres, the organization of the National Government by Kemal and the struggle culminating in the victory and re- occupation of Smyrna and Constantinople. It is mainly an historical ex- position, with some brief discussion of legal questions involved, such as the de facto government in Asia Minor, its recognition, neutral zones and blockade.

The second volume is the more interesting part of the work. It concerns the Lausanne Conference, the principal topics discussed there, and the solu- tions given by the Treaty of Lausanne. The author gives the provisions of the treaty, analyzes them, indicates the background thereof, and describes the present position. The topics are the Capitulations, and their abolition, the new Turkish Government as evolved from the treaty provisions, the new frontiers of Turkey, the liquidation of the Turkish Empire, the question of the Straits, etc. Notwithstanding the fact that the author may not be deemed impartial, he is mostly on sure ground. Dean Cemil displays a fine legal mind and it is a pity that his analysis, able as it is, is often brief and less than full, and that his documentation leaves much to be desired.

It is to be hoped that the author, who knows French and English well, will take the time to publish a translation of his work in either of these languages. The reviewer feels sure that in that way his work will attract the wider atten- tion which it undoubtedly merits. STEPHEN P. LADAS

Recent Political Thought. By Francis W. Coker. New York: D. Appleton- Century Co., 1934. pp. xii, 574. Index. $4.00. There can be little doubt but that Professor Coker has rendered a service

to all teachers of political theory, for which they will doubtless be truly thankful. To compress into a single volume a survey of the leading issues which form the background of recent political movements and governmental action is in itself no mean task. To do so with the accuracy of description and balance of judgment which mark the present volume is to perform a note-

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810 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

worthy feat. For text-books like the present one, however mechanical in their arrangement of topics, call for a degree of patient study that only the experienced teacher can appreciate.

Taken as a whole the volume seeks to interpret for the student the present challenge to democracy, both from the economic standpoint of the Socialists and the Communists and from the political and social standpoint of the Fascists and the biologists. Part I is devoted to an analysis of Socialistic Doctrines and covers the period from Karl Marx through the Fabians and the Revisionists to the Socialists of Soviet Russia. Anarchists, Syndicalists and Guild Socialists are included in a broad interpretation of Socialism. Part II takes up The Controversy over Democracy and discusses in turn the democratic tradition, the attack on democracy, the substitutes or correctives for democracy, and the defense of democracy. Part III deals with Political Authority and Individual Liberty, and covers the opposition to state inter- ference, philosophical grounds for state intervention, "reason of state" and the doctrine of political authority by force, the Fascists, the Pluralists' attack upon state sovereignty, law and the state, and empirical collectivism.

It is to be regretted that Professor Coker failed to include in the range of his subject an examination of recent theories of international law. For not only do they raise many of the problems which are associated with law within the state, but they are of great importance in themselves as marking the ex- tension of law into new fields. It is true, no doubt, that theories of law in the strict sense may, for academic purposes, be isolated from "political thought," in that the latter deals with the forces which lie behind the law. Nevertheless the relations between the two are such that the one cannot be adequately treated without the other. This is recognized by the author in his chapter on Law and the State. Within the past few years many interesting contribu- tions have been made to what might be called "international political thought," and these could have been very helpfully summarized in a conclud- ing chapter. But as the subject could properly fill a volume, perhaps the author may be induced to undertake the task in a really adequate manner.

C. G. FENWICK

International Law. By Charles G. Fenwick. 2d ed. New York: D. Apple- ton-Century Co., 1934. pp. xlviii, 623. Index. $4.00. Professor Fenwick has done a thorough job of his decennial revision. The

framework of the original edition has been preserved, so that no inconvenience results to those accustomed to it. He admits that he would have changed the plan had it been a new book, instead of a revision; the justification which he feels it necessary to offer for the continued inclusion of the chapters on war and neutrality perhaps point the direction of the changes. Two new chapters have been added, not strictly international law: one on the League of Nations, and one on international cooperation. Some of the older chapters have been absorbed elsewhere. It results that there are 33 chapters instead of 35,

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