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Recommendations to Ensure Proper
Cement Placement
Bryce London
Tech. Professional-Lead
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Ideal Conditions
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Market Challenge
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Market Challenge
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Industry Best Practices
Top Five:
1. Condition the drilling
fluid
2. Use spacers and
flushes
3. Move the pipe
4. Centralise the
casing
5. Maximise the
displacement rate
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1. OptiCem™ Software Cement Job Simulation
Finite Element Analysis
2. Displace 3D® Simulator Displacement models in 3D
Computational Fluid Dynamics
3. WellLife® Express Service Cement Sheath Stress Analysis
Finite Element Analysis
4. Data Acquisition Field data acquisition and monitoring
iCem®
Service 10%
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Variables Affecting
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Spacers
3. Mud Properties
4. Casing Movement
5. Pump Rates
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Centralization Recommendation
Casing Hole
“Sag Point”
High As ECD’s
Allow C Mud
Casing
Cement
Formation
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Standoff Comparison 100% Mud
100% Spacer
100% Lead
Mix
ture
/ N
on
e
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100% Mud
100% Spacer
100% Lead
Mix
ture
/ N
on
e
Standoff Comparison
Top of Cement Desired Cement Top
Actual Top of Cement
Mud Channeling
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Standoff Comparison
50% 30%
Mud
Spacer
Lead
Tail
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Poor Mud Displacement on
Low Side of the Hole
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Variables Affecting
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Mud Properties
3. Spacers
4. Casing Movement
5. Pump Rates
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FILTRATE
FILTRATE CEMENT
CASING
LOW
MOBILITY
MUD
FILTER
CAKE
MOBILE
MUD
FORMATION
Effective Mud Removal
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Basic Mud Displacement Factors
Optimal Mud Properties • Low as possible
• Flat Profile
Circulate and move pipe until: • Free of cuttings
• Required mud properties achieved in/out of well
• Gas free
• No lost circulation
• At least two hole volumes pumped, or as dictated by hole conditions
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Variables Affecting
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Mud Properties
3. Spacers
4. Casing Movement
5. Pump Rates
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Need for Spacers
3 major functions:
1. Remove mud from the
hole
2. Keeps mud and cement
separated
3. Water wet the pipe for
good bond
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Spacer Volume Recommendation
Old Statement
My Statement
1000 ft or 10 min Contact Time
It Depends… 1. Mud properties
2. Spacer used
3. Rate pumped
4. Wellbore profile
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Mud / Cement Compatibility
50:50
75:25
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Small volume of spacer
is consumed by mud and
cement
Determining Optimal Spacer Volume
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Adequate spacer
volume maintains
fluid separation
Determining ideal spacer volume
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Spacer Properties
Density Hierarchy - “Heavier displaces Lighter”
Rheological Hierarchy - “Thicker displaces Thinner”
Water Wetting
Compatibility
– Incompatible fluids may cause:
• Thinning of mixed fluids resulting in settling of solids/ adverse effect
on cement mechanical properties
• Gellation resulting in increased frictional pressures (ECD’s) and an
adverse effect on cement pumpability
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Fluid Train Rheology 100% Mud
100% Spacer
100% Lead
Mix
ture
/ N
on
e
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Flush Weighted Spacer
Spacer Comparison
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Variables Affecting
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Mud Properties
3. Spacers
4. Casing Movement
5. Pump Rates
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Narrow Side Narrow Side
100% Mud
100% Spacer
100% Lead
Mix
ture
/ N
on
e
Casing Rotation
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Rotation Effects on Standoff
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No
Rotation
10 rpm
Rotation
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Variables Affecting
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Mud Properties
3. Spacers
4. Casing Movement
5. Pump Rates
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Recommendation
Pump as fast as wellbore conditions &
equipment allows
Factors Effecting Pump Rates
1. Formation Pressures
2. Horsepower requirement
3. On location operations
4. Surface Iron limitations
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Pump Rates
6 BPM 10 BPM 18 BPM
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Pump Rate Risk / Reward
4-bpm
Pump
Rate 12-bpm 24-bpm
Cement
Spacer
Mud
1000 ft
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Experiment vs. Displace 3D® Simulator
After 10-sec After 20-sec After 30-sec
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Experiment vs. 3D Displace
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Wrap Up
Five Factors for Effective
Cement Placement
1. Centralization
2. Fluid Properties
3. Fluid Volumes
4. Pipe Movement
5. Pump Rate