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Reconstruction of Virginia and the South
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Reconstruction
• Reconstruction – The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to laws designed to rebuild the country and bring the southern states back into the Union.
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Reconstruction in Virginia• Life was very difficult
for Virginians during the Reconstruction Period.
• Virginians had to • Virginians had to rebuild the state after the Civil War.
• Virginia was readmitted to the Union on January 26, 1870.
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Problems Virginians Faced During Reconstruction
• Millions of newly freed slaves needed food, education, clothing, housing, and jobs.
• Virginia’s economy • Virginia’s economy was in ruins:– Money had no value.– Banks were closed.– Railroads, bridges,
plantations, and crops were destroyed.
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Virginians Rebuild!
• The U.S. Congress created the Freedman’s Bureau that provided food, schools, and medical schools, and medical care for freed slaves and others in Virginia and the rest of the South.
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Virginians Rebuild
• Because plantation owners (now former slave owners) did not have money to pay workers, and because workers, and because former slaves needed land and work, sharecropping developed.
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Sharecropping
• Sharecropping – a system common in Virginia after the war in which freedmen (former slaves) and (former slaves) and poor white farmers rented land from a land owner (plantation owner) by promising to pay the owner a share of the crop.
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Virginians Rebuild
• Virginia adopted a new state constitution that banned slavery and gave African-American men the American men the right to vote.
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Virginians Rebuild
• People moved from the countryside to the cities in search of economic opportunities. (Jobs)opportunities. (Jobs)
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Segregation in Virginia
• Segregation - the separation of people, usually based on race or religion.
• Because of this, African Americans established their own churches, businesses, and schools.
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Segregation in Virginia
• During Reconstruction, African Americans began to have some power in Virginia’s power in Virginia’s government.
• Remember, men of ALL races could now vote!
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Segregation in Virginia
• However, these gains were reversed when laws were passed that made it difficult for African Americans for African Americans to vote and hold office.
• These laws created poll taxes and literacy tests.
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Segregation in Virginia
• In other words, if African Americans could not pay the poll tax or pass the literacy test, they were not allowed to vote or hold office.
• The result: African Americans found it very difficult to vote or hold public office.
• Even though black families wanted to better themselves, segregation put up many barriers to any hope of success!
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Discrimination
• Discrimination – an unfair difference in the treatment of people.
• In spite of the effort of blacks, many whites continued to discriminate against them.continued to discriminate against them.
• Virginia, like most of the South, was divided along racial lines.
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Jim Crow Laws
• Jim Crow laws, discriminated against African Americans in Virginia and other southern states.southern states.
• These laws also reinforced prejudices held by white people about black people.
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Jim Crow Laws
• Under these Jim Crow laws, African Americans were not allowed to:1) Ride in the same section of buses and trains as whites.2) Eat in the same restaurants as whites.
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Jim Crow Laws
3) Attend the same public schools as white citizens.
4) Drink from the same water fountains as whites.
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Economic Impact of Jim Crow Laws
• These laws had an impact on the economic life of African Americans.
• It was legal for an employer to pay black workers less money than white workers were paid.