RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 71
Calvin SmithSenior Solutions Architect, Red HatSeptember 4th, 2014
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7Overview with Docker Containers
4 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Roadmap*
CY2011 CY2012 CY2013 CY2014 CY2015
Production 3Production 2Production 1
*All dates are approximate and subject to change
RHEL 6
RHEL 5
.4
.10
RHEL 7
.11
.3.2.1.0
.0
.5
.9.8.7.6
.6
RHSCL 1.0
RHDTS 1.1 2.01.0
2-year life cycle3-year life cycle
2.1
1.1
.1
.7
.2
5
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
RED HAT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 76
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
INTRODUCTION
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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7REDEFINING THE ENTERPRISE OS
FLEXIBILITY to quickly adapt to
demands for business agility
90% OF FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES TRUST RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX FOR THEIR CRITICAL BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE.
STABILITY to efficiently meet challenges of
datacenter virtualization and cloud
CERTAINTY of mission-critical
reliability and military-grade security
8 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
● Based on Fedora 19, the upstream kernel version 3.10 and over 4000 patches (additional features, bugfixes, security errata)
● Supported hardware architectures:● Intel/AMD 64-bit (x86_64)● IBM POWER● IBM System z
● Support for 32-bit applications enabled via inclusion of 32-bit libraries (multilib).
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7 BASICS
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 79
SCALABLE FILE SYSTEMS
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7 HIGHLIGHTSF
LE
XIB
LE
CERTAINTY OF MISSION-CRITICAL RELIABILITY AND MILITARY-GRADE SECURITY
LIGHTWEIGHT APPLICATION ISOLATION
(LINUX CONTAINERS)
WINDOWS INTEROPERABILITY
STREAMLINED INSTALLATION AND
DEPLOYMENT
STA
BL
E A
ND
E
FF
ICIE
NT
OPTIMAL PERFORMANCEVIA PROFILES
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND FEATURES
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STREAMLINED INSTALLATION AND
DEPLOYMENT
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SPEED DEPLOYMENT WITH SERVER PROFILES
IN-PLACE UPGRADES FROM 6.X TO 7
SAFELY ROLL-BACK DURING INSTALL
EASILY CREATE CUSTOM INSTALL IMAGES
PRIORITIZE CRITICAL SERVICES AT START-UP
DRAMATICALLY SPEED START-UP TIMES
STREAMLINED INSTALLATIONAND DEPLOYMENT
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EASILY CREATE CUSTOM INSTALL IMAGES WITH ANACONDA AND KICKSTART
● RHEL 7 introduces the ability to create, install and manage custom images for physical, virtual and cloud deployments
● This is alongside existing capabilities to create yum repositories
● Install and manage images using the same anaconda and Kickstart code used for bare metal installs
● Automate custom images using Kickstart
Content Sources(Repositories)
Custom Image
Live Media Creator
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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Software Selection Example: Infrastructure Server
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CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT AND FASTER BOOT UP
CENTRALLY MANAGE PROCESSES,
SERVICES, SECURITY
PRIORITIZE AND ORDER SERVICES
AT START-UP
COMPATIBLE WITH EXISTING SCRIPTS (SYSV AND LSB)
DRAMATICALLY SPEED START-UP
TIMES
● Next generation system and service manager, systemd, provides on-demand service start-up and better transactional dependency.● Compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts.
15 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0: System Initialization
● Next generation system and service manager, systemd, provides on-demand service start-up and better transactional dependency.
● Compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts.
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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
EASIER INSTALLATION AND DEPLOYMENTIN-PLACE UPGRADES FROM 6.X TO 7
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 6.5
PRE-UPGRADEASSISTANT
1
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7.0
UPGRADETOOL
2● Audits current OS state vs RHEL 7 profile and creates:● HTML report of potential
issues● DIRECTORY of config files
for modification● POST-INSTALL script to
be run by user after upgrade
preupgredhat-upgrade-
tool
IF REPORT IS ACCEPTABLE
See documentation for valid configurations
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SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND FEATURES
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SYSTEM MANAGEMENT VIA OPENLMI
● Open standards-based management framework for low-level system configuration
● Provides a standardized remote interface to configure, manage, and monitor bare metal production Linux servers
● Unified management tools and system-wide resource management allow users to streamline administration
● Supports traditional Linux tools: CLI, scripts & SW tools
● Example: create 5 drive RAID5 array on remote server example.com:
“lmi -h example.com storage raid create name=R1 5 sdb sdc sdd sde sdf”
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NETWORK MANAGEMENT
● NetworkManager● Easy to use yet comprehensive network management suite designed to provide
painless network configuration.
● Eliminates the need to manually edit network configuration files by hand.
● Flexible interface options with GUI, (new) CLI, and (new) TUI for managing local, remote, or even headless systems.
● Supports a broad array of many common network interface types, including:
● Ethernet, IPoIB, VLANs, Bridges, Bonds, Teams, WiFi, WiMAX, WWAN, Bluetooth, VPN, and ATM-based DSL.
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NETWORK FEATURES
● Team Driver● Mechanism for bonding multiple network devices (ports) into a single logical
interface at the data link layer (L2)
● Provides an increase in maximum bandwidth and link redundancy
● Alternative to the existing Linux Bonding driver
● Provides a number of advantages over traditional bonding while providing equal or even slightly better performance in some cases.
● Implemented mostly in user space with only the necessary data fast-paths in the kernel.
● Moves most of the work and logic into a user space daemon making it:
● more stable● easier to debug● much simpler to extend
ServerServer NetworkSwitch
NetworkSwitch
eth0
eth1
team0
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● 40G Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ba)
● Support for 40G Ethernet link speeds enabling faster network communication for applications and systems.
● Highly accurate network time synchronization using:
● Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588v2)
● Method for precisely synchronizing distributed clocks.
● Capable of achieving clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range when used in conjunction with PTP hardware support.
● Chrony
● Enables faster clock synchronization with better accuracy than ntpd especially in cases where network connectivity is not always constant.
● Numerous TCP optimizations and enhancements aimed at reducing overall latency for connection oriented services such as web servers, including:
● Fast Open, Tail Loss Probe (TLP) Algorithm, Early retransmit (ER), Proportional Rate Reduction (PRR), Busy Poll (Low Latency Sockets)
NETWORK FEATURES
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● Simplified cluster management :● Reduced number of software components ● Ability to clone resources streamlines deployment
across nodes.● Addition of fine-grained monitoring for components
which include core deamons, fence agents, system services. All aspects of the infrastructure are treated as a service.
● Consistent cluster management experience between two major releases (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and 7).
HIGH AVAILABILITY FEATURES
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● Better cluster resource management with the introduction of Pacemaker.
● No longer necessary to edit configuration files directly.● Policy engine now allows the cluster to manage both
virtual guest(s) and the applications contained within those guests.
● Global File System (GFS2) improvements include:● Better scalability and performance as tools are now
aware of device topology and handle RAID stripe alignment, placement of journal and resource groups more efficiently.
● Improved journaling
HIGH AVAILABILITY FEATURES
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WINDOWS INTEROPERABILITY
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0: Identity Management
● Connect Linux clients to a Windows domain easily with realmd
● Securely access Windows or Linux resources without having to authenticate twice with cross-realm Kerberos trust.
Enhanced identity and access control with easy Active Directory interoperability in Linux/Windows environments
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7: Windows Interoperability – Client
● Active Directory
● AD enrollment support (Realmd)
● Desktop
● Exchange integration with Evolution● Gnome-Online-Accounts
● LibreOffice 4
● Visio import● CMIS protocol support for documentation management
systems (Sharepoint)
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FILE SYSTEMSAND
STORAGE
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CHOICE OF FILE SYSTEMS
● Scale file systems to 500TB with new default filesystem XFS
● Scale to 50TB with ext4
● Btrfs also available1
● Parallel NFS v4 provides improved performance and throughput
TypeSupported
LimitRoot Boot Comments
Single-node
XFS 500TB Yes Yes System default
ext4 50TB Yes Yes Driver allow access to older versions (ext2, ext3).
btrfs2 50TB Yes Yes
Network/Multi-node
GFS2 2-16 nodes Yes No Shared-storage file system
1 Available as a Technology Preview
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FILE SYSTEMS
● Network File System (NFS v4.2) features include:● Enhanced support for scale-out storage through parallel
NFS (pNFS)● Integration of fine-grained SELinux context with the help
of Labeled NFS● Firewall friendly with the help of more deterministic port
usage● Samba v4.1 includes support for SMB 3.0 protocol
resulting in better performance and security.
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STORAGE
● Premier support for enterprise storage arrays.
● Scalable storage stack supporting large scale configuration.
● Implementation of LVM snapshots based on thin provisioning.
● Storage allocated only when needed.● Faster performance for recursive snapshots.
31 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
● Easy storage configuration with the introduction of System Storage Manager.
● Provides easy to use command line interface for configuration of file and storage. Reduces the learning curve for junior system administrators.
● Support for tiered storage for improved performance.● New target dm-cache that allows high-speed solid state
drives (SSD) to serve as a cache for slower rotational media.
● New and improved software-based iSCSI target mode (RFC-3720). Implemented in the kernel compared to older implementation which was in user-space.
STORAGE
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STORAGE
● Dynamic detection of new LUNs. Reduces the amount of system down-time and manual intervention.
● LibStorageMgmt * provides the ability to manage external storage devices from the RHEL system.
● Simplified provisioning of storage volumes on Linux shared storage appliance with the help of a new service called targetd.
● Unified management of Btrfs and LVM snapshots with the introduction of snapper.
● Allows administrators to create, delete, label and compare snapshots of volumes.
* Technology Preview
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OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND
TOOLING
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PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS WITHRED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
BUILT-IN PERFORMANCE PROFILES SIMPLIFY
CONFIGURATION
MONITORING WITH PERFORMANCE CO-PILOT
AND THERMOSTAT
FINE-TUNE PERFORMANCE WITH ENHANCED TOOLING
VIA TUNA AND TUNED
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THERMOSTAT (FOR JVMs)PERFORMANCE CO-PILOT (PCP)
OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE VIA PROFILES
Optimal performance management via enhanced performance tuning at install, simplified instrumentation and tuning features, and performance monitoring tooling
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● Tool for fine grained control
● Display applications / processes
● Displays CPU enumeration
● • Socket (useful for NUMA tuning)
● • Dynamic control of tuning
● Process affinity● Parent & threads● Scheduling policy● Device IRQ priorities, etc
PROFILING AND MONITORING WITH TUNA
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2 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600 series
4 x Intel® Xeon® E7 v2 family
2x Intel® Core™ i5 family
2 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600 series
2 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 7500 series
2 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600 series
2 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600 series
4 x Intel® Xeon® Processor 7500 series
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
RHEL 6.5 RHEL 7
NO
RM
ALI
ZE
D P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
(%
)
SOLID PERFORMANCE ACROSS WORKLOADSRHEL 7 VS RHEL 6.5
NETWORK
PARITY
CPU
+ 1%
ERP
+ 2%
MEMORY
+ 8%
OLTP COMMERCIAL DB
+ 10%
ANALYTICS
+ 11%
OLTP OPEN SOURCE DB
+ 13%
JAVA SERVER SIDE
+ 25%
PERFORMANCE GAINS ACROSS WIDE RANGE OF WORKLOADS AND MULTIPLE GENERATIONS OF HARDWARE
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DESKTOP AND DEVELOPER FEATURES
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● Familiar and intuitive
● More traditional look and feel
● Preserves investments in training
EASE OF USE: CHOICE OF DESKTOPS
GNOME CLASSIC (DEFAULT)
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● ELEGANT AND INTUITIVE USER INTERFACE
● FOCUS ON END-USER PRODUCTIVITY
EASE OF USE: CHOICE OF DESKTOPS
GNOME 3 (GNOME SHELL)
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● AN ALTERNATIVE TO GNOME FOR USERS WHO PREFER KDE
EASE OF USE: CHOICE OF DESKTOPS
KDE V4.10
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DEVELOPER FEATURES
● Build and concurrently install multiple versions of custom software using scl-utils.
● Access to updated versions of compilers, debuggers, and related tools (gcc-4.8, gdb-7.6, etc.), providing enhanced support for parallelism and concurrency and extensive new optimizations.
● Support for the latest version of Java with OpenJDK 7● To profile and compare performance across multiple
JVMs, users can now install different minor versions of Java 7 (e.g. OpenJDK7 u40 and OpenJDK7 u45) in parallel, with the default version selectable through alternatives.
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VIRTUALIZATION
44 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
All SPECvirt_sc2013 benchmark results published as of June 2, 2014. SPEC® is a registerd trademark and SPEC virt™ is a trademark of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. For more information about the benchmark and the results, see http://www.spec.org/virt_sc2013/.
Red Hat claims the top 5 SPECvirt_sc2013 benchmark results
VIRTUALIZATION PERFORMANCEBest SPECvirt_sc2013 Scores by CPU Cores
45 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
● RHEL7 enables Para-Virtual Random Number Generator (RNG)
● Provide improved randomness in the guest for cryptographic purposes
● RHEL with KVM feeds entropy to the virtual machines
● Helps alleviate entropy starvation in guest
VIRTUALIZATION ENHANCEMENTS
● Guest integration for VMware vSphere● Open-VM-Tools included with RHEL 7
● Simplifies installation of RHEL as a guest on VMware
46 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
RHEL Kernel
GPU card
Virtual Machine
Guest OS
Graphics driver
Application
KVMVFIO
QEMU
● RHEL7 with KVN enables dedicated GPU passthrough access to a single VM
● Compatible with Nvidia Quadro K5000, Nvidia GRID K1/K2
VIRTUALIZATION ENHANCEMENTS
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LIGHTWEIGHT APPLICATION ISOLATION
via LINUX CONTAINERSand DOCKER
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Evolution: Traditional Enterprise OS
Traditional application deployment
● Single userspace runtime shared between applications.
● Environment and life cycle defined by host OS.
● Trend to isolate apps on hardware level.
● Managed by IT, very limited delegation.
● Stable, long maintenance, few updates, hardware-centric.
● Very limited flexibility.
● Resources generally underutilized.
TRADITIONAL
OS & SHARED SERVICES
HARDWARE
BINS/LIBS
APP A APP B APP C
New project
Applicationdependency
Applicationrollout
SecurityFix
OS VersionUpdate
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Evolution: Virtualization & IaaS
Application deployment via virt & IaaS
● Application isolation per VM.
● Guest environment and lifecycle defined by application.
● Application and runtime abstracted from hardware.
● Higher flexibility at cost of increased redundancy and overhead.
● Complex multi-level management of host and VM layers
● Delegation along the Host / VM boundary.
New project
Applicationdependency
Applicationrollout
SecurityFix
OS VersionUpdate
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
HOST OS
SERVER
HYPERVISOR
GUESTOS
APP A
BINS/LIBS
GUESTOS
APP A
BINS/LIBS
GUESTOS
APP B
BINS/LIBS
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Evolution: Application-Centric IT & PaaS
App delivery using Docker containers
● Application packaged with individual runtime stack using Docker and deployed into containers.
● Multi-instance, multi-version, maximal flexibility, minimal overhead.
● Delegation along the container boundaries.
● Shared services provided by host / container environment.
● Standardized hardened container host, clustering, orchestration.
Application-Centric IT & PaaS
HOST OS, SHARED SERVICES
HARDWARE, VIRT, CLOUD
AP
P A
BINS/LIBS
AP
P A
BINS/LIBS
AP
P B
BINS/LIBS
AP
P C
BINS/LIBS
AP
P D
BINS/LIBS
New project
Applicationdependency
Applicationrollout
SecurityFix
OS VersionUpdate
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CONTINUOUS DELIVERY WITH CLEAR REPONSIBILITIES WITHIN DEVOPS
DEVELOPMENT FOCUS---------------------------------------------APPS, CODE, DEPENDENCIES (LIBRARIES), DATA, AND PACKAGING
OPERATIONS FOCUS---------------------------------------------MONITORING, NETWORK CONFIGURATION, REMOTE ACCESS, AND LOGGING
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LINUX CONTAINERS
Software packaging concept that typically includes an application and all of its runtime dependencies.
● Easy to deploy and portable across host systems using docker
● Isolates applications on a host operating system. In RHEL, this is done through:
● Control Groups (cgroups)● kernel namespaces● SELinux, sVirt
HOST OS
SERVER
CONTAINER
LIBS
APP
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Key elements of Linux Containers
● Security● SELinux sVirt
● Resource Management● cgroups
● Management● Docker
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Key elements of Linux Containers
● Process Isolation● Namespaces isolate processes, examples are:
● pid namespace: process isolation● net namespace: managing network interfaces● ipc namespace: managing access to IPC resources ● mnt namespace: managing mount-points (MNT: Mount).
● Create a new environment with a subset of the resources
● Once set up, namespaces are transparent for processes
● Can be used in custom and complex scenarios
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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
RHEL 7 CONTAINERS ARCHITECTUREWITH DOCKER CLI
RHEL Kernel
Hardware (Intel, AMD) or Virtual Machine
Containers ContainersContainers
Unit File
Docker Image
DOCKER CLI
SYSTEMD
Cgroups Namespaces SELinux
Drivers
57 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Tech Details - Layering
● New images can be created by adding layers.
● Layering model allows for specialization.
● Base image and select number of platform layers provided by Red Hat.
● ISV images to enable RHEL ecosystem.
● Stack optimized for individual application with minimal packaging per layer.
RHEL Base
Platform Layer
ISV Layer
Custom LayerRHEL Base
Platform Layer
ISV Layer
RHEL Base
Platform Layer
RHEL Base RHEL Packages
Jboss Products
ISV Content
Customer Content
SCLs
Comunity Content
58 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Docker
Tech Details – Static Linking, Sharing
● Layers are overlays in a single inheritance tree.
● A layer is statically linked to it's parent.
● Docker layers can be created interactively or built in reproducible way out of a Dockerfile.
● Simple distribution of images through Registry / Index model.
RHEL Base
RHEL BaseRHEL Base
RHEL BaseRHEL BaseCoreWeb
LAMP
RHEL BaseRHEL BaseCoreWeb
Jboss EAPLAMPDrupal
RHEL BaseRHEL BaseCoreWeb
Jboss EAPLAMPDrupal
MyTheme
Docker Registry
Docker
Push
Docker Pull
59 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
ISV Layer
Base Layer
Platform Layer
Container Certification
● Red Hat announced certification program for container images.
● Expands existing Red Hat certification into the container space.
● Ensures stable, end-to-end supportable stack for applications.
● Enables the whole Red Hat ISV ecosystem to benefit from the advantages of aggregate Application-centric packaging with Docker. HARDWARE, VIRT, CLOUD
RHEL HOST OS, SHARED SERVICES
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PORTABILITY ACROSS THE OPEN HYBRID CLOUD
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Application-Centric Packaging Benefits
PORTABLE AND RELIABLE APPLICATION DEPLOYMENTS
● Includes dependencies to work the same across multiple hosts
● Portable across the Red Hat portfolio in the Open Hybrid Cloud
RAPID AND EFFICIENT APPLICATION DELIVERY
● Built, delivered, and patched in seconds
● Run instantly, without restart
SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION DELIVERY LIFECYCLE
● Consistency across dev, test, and production environments
● Better patching via updating only what’s changed + rollback
FINE-GRAINED CONTROL
● Limit resource usage for each application instance
● Applications can be upgraded, rolled back, or removed in seconds
ISOLATED AND SECURE DEPLOYMENTS
● Isolate and secure apps without hypervisor overhead
● Modify apps without impacting the rest of the server
LIGHTWEIGHT FOOTPRINT AND MINIMAL OVERHEAD
● Includes “just enough” host application, and dependencies
● Rapid delivery and scale out
62 RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host
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RHEL 7.0 Application-centric Packaging and Linux containers benefits
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SUMMARY
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REDEFINING THE ENTERPRISE OS
1
2
3
4
Delivers a flexible, stable, and secure foundation for your infrastructure from existing deployments to next generation solutions.
Increases the efficiency of IT operations with scalable filesystems, Windows interoperability, and OpenLMI management.
Continues Red Hat Enterprise Linux’s proven track record of delivering superior reliability and security.
Improves IT agility via containers, streamlined deployment, and optimal performance profiles.
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 766
THANK YOU