spurred a shift to a second generation. It differedwith attention to improved safety and durability,leading to the advent of fluorochemical refrigerants.International response to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer forced scheduledphaseouts of ozone-depletingrefrigerants, among them chlo-rofluorocarbons (CFCs), suchas R-12, and—in the future—also hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs), such as R-22. Themeasures also addressed similar
chemicals for other applications, such as manywidely used aerosol propellants, foam blowingagents, fire suppression agents (notably halons), and
solvents. The third-generation shift tohydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and otherrefrigerants for ozone protection was per-ceived as a long-term solution, butgrowing awareness of climate change as
The history of refrigerants, since the intro-duction of mechanical vapor-compressionrefrigeration in the 1830s, comprises four
periods characterized by the dominant selection cri-teria beyond basic suitability.Figure 1 summarizes four dis-tinct generations and identifieskey refrigerant groups or criteriafor them.
Most refrigerants in the firstgeneration, a period of approxi-mately 100 years, were solvents,fuels, or other volatile fluids familiar to early practi-tioners from other uses, essentially whatever worked.Broad commercialization of domestic refrigerators
50 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
James M. Calm is an internationally rec-ognized engineering consultant specializ-ing in heating, air-conditioning, and re-frigeration systems. He is an ASHRAEFellow; serves as lead author on refriger-ants for the UNEP committee assessingtechnical options for refrigeration, airconditioning, and heat pumps; and hasbeen directly involved in standards, codes,regulatory, and treaty actions impactingrefrigerant use. As vice president of re-search and technology for the Air Condi-
tioning Contractors of America (ACCA), Glenn C. Hourahan directs its technical, standards, and codes activi-ties. He is actively involved in technical committees of a number of industry organizations. Between them, theyhave more than 60 years experience in design, construction, operation, and research of air-conditioning and re-frigeration systems and authored more than 200 papers and articles.
This article summarizes key physical, safety, and
environmental data for refrigerants. It covers
refrigerants that were widely used historically,
that are in common use today, and selected
candidates being considered for future use.
By JAMES M. CALM, PE,Engineering Consultant,
Great Falls, Va.,and GLENN C. HOURAHAN, PE,
Air Conditioning Contractors of America,Arlington, Va.
FIGURE 1. Refrigerant progression. Copyright © 2006 James M. Calm
Refrigerant Data Update
J. M. Calm and G. C. Hourahan, “Refrigerant Data Update,” Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering, 79(1):50-64, January 2007
a more significant—or at least muchmore challenging—environmental issuenow heralds a looming fourth generationto address global warming. This term is abit misleading, as the impacts of climatechange include warming in most regionsbut cooling in some (for example, inparts of Europe). It also includes sea levelrise and attendant coastal land loss,changes in growing seasons and soilmoisture retention (and, therefore, cropyields), and spread of diseases such asmalaria now nearly localized to equato-rial regions. In short, global climatechange may impact virtually all aspects oflife and raises significant internationaland intergenerational equity issues.
Interestingly, some of the fluids con-sidered “natural refrigerants” (primarilyammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrocar-bons, and water) in the first generationare being re-examined to replace “syn-thetic refrigerants” (primarily fluoro-chemicals) because of environmentalconcerns. Many of the claims and coun-terclaims for such fluids are more emo-tional or marketing-based than technical.
Most of the safety, durability, and per-formance issues that drove early refriger-ant shifts remain concerns today, compli-cated by focus on low ozone depletionpotential (ODP), low global warmingpotential (GWP), short atmospheric life-time (τatm), and, perhaps most impor-tantly, high efficiency. There are linkagesthat force trade-offs among these criteria,but none of them can be ignored.1
Manufacturers have commercializedmore than 30 new refrigerants in the pastdecade, and they are examining addi-tional candidates. Most new refrigerantsare blends, because the options for suit-able single-compound refrigerants aremuch more limited and generally alreadyexploited. Users should expect a numberof additional introductions as the phase-out approaches for R-22, now the mostwidely used refrigerant. A similar flurryof service fluid introductions occurredwith the earlier phaseout of R-12 (then,the most widely used refrigerant) and R-502. Data refinement continues for both
existing and new refrigerants with im-provements in measurement methods,further studies, and new understanding,especially of environmental impacts.
REFRIGERANT DATA TABLESThis article provides two tables that
update2,3,4 and expand selected physical,safety, and environmental data for com-mon refrigerants (retired and current)and leading candidates. The two tablescontain the same data sorted differently.Table 1 is arranged by standard refriger-ant designations, while Table 2 is sortedby refrigerant boiling points. Table 1lends itself to finding information on aspecific refrigerant. The sort order forTable 2 rearranges the refrigerants incoarse proximity of candidacy for similarapplications, to facilitate comparisons.
The parameter descriptions that fol-low are in the same sequence as presentedin Tables 1 and 2, going from the left tothe right columns.
IdentifiersThe number shown is the standard
designation based on those assigned byor recommended for addition toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004,Designation and Safety Classification ofRefrigerants,5 and addenda thereto for an-ticipated consistency with 34-2007when published. These familiar designa-tions are used almost universally, usuallypreceded by R-, R, the word Refrigerant,composition-designating prefixes (for ex-ample CFC, HCFC, HFC, or HC), ormanufacturer trade names.
The chemical formula indicates themolecular makeup of the single-com-pound refrigerants, namely those consist-ing of only one chemical substance. Theblend composition is shown for refrigerantblends, namely those consisting of two ormore chemicals that are mixed to obtaindesired characteristics. The compositionconsists of two parts. The first identifiesthe components, in order of increasingnormal boiling points and separated byslashes. The second part, enclosed in pa-rentheses, indicates the mass fractions (aspercentages) of those components in the
same order. The tables also indicate com-mon names by which some refrigerantsare frequently identified.
Physical propertiesThe molecular mass is a calculated
value based on the atomic weights recog-nized by International Union of Pure andApplied Chemists (IUPAC).6 It indicatesthe mass in grams of a mole of the refrig-erant or, for blends, the mass-weightedaverage of a mole of the mixture.
The normal boiling point (NBP) is thetemperature at which liquid refrigerantboils at standard atmospheric pressure,namely 101.325 kPa (14.6959 psia). TheNBP and most dimensional units in thetables are shown in both metric (SI) andinch-pound (IP) units of measure. Thetemperature of the sublimation point isshown for refrigerants that sublimate,such as R-744 (carbon dioxide). Thebubble point temperature—at which abubble first appears and boiling begins—is shown as the NBP for blends. Unlikesingle-compound refrigerants that boil ata single temperature for a given pressure,the dissimilar volatilities of componentscause mixture boiling to span a range be-tween the bubble point and dew pointtemperatures. The dew point is so namedbecause it is the condition at which con-densation begins when the blend iscooled.
The critical temperature (Tc) is thetemperature at the critical point of the re-frigerant, namely where the properties ofthe liquid and vapor phases are identical.Unless actually determined, the Tc valuesshown for blends are the mass weightedaverages of the component Tcs, some-times referred to as the “pseudo-criticaltemperature.”
The critical pressure (Pc) is the pressureat the critical point.
The NBP and critical properties sug-gest the application range for which anindividual refrigerant might be suitable.Those with extremely low NBPs lendthemselves to ultralow temperature re-frigeration including cryogenic applica-tions. Those with high NBPs generallyare limited to high-temperature applica-
51HPAC Engineering • January 2007
tions, such as chillers and industrial heatpumps. Both capacity and efficiency de-cline when condensing temperatures ap-proach the Tc in a typical vapor-compres-sion (reverse-Rankine) cycle, the onemost commonly used. Pc will exceed theoperating pressure except in transcriticalcycles, which are uncommon except forR-744 (carbon dioxide). It is useful tocompare relative operating pressures be-cause practical cycles usually are designedto condense at 70 to 90 percent of the Tc
(on an absolute basis) and, therefore, atcorresponding fractions of the Pc.1,7
Safety dataThe first safety column included in
the tables tabulates the occupational expo-sure limit (OEL). It is an indication ofchronic (long-term, repeat exposure) tox-icity of the refrigerant for trained individ-uals likely to be exposed during theirwork. Common OELs include theAmerican Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Thresh-old Limit Value-Time Weighted Average(TLV-TWA), the American IndustrialHygiene Association (AIHA) WorkplaceEnvironmental Exposure Level (WEEL)guide, the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft (DFG) maximale ArbeitsplatzKonzentration (MAK, the maximumworkplace concentration), the Japan So-ciety of Occupational Health (JSOH)OEL, and the U.S. Occupational Safetyand Health Administration (OSHA)Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Somecountries and manufacturers refer tothem as the acceptable exposure limit(AEL), industrial exposure limit (IEL),workplace exposure standard, or withsimilar terms. These measures indicaterecommended or adopted limits forworkplace exposures for trained person-nel for typical workdays and work weeks.OELs normally are expressed in ppm byvolume (ppm v/v) on a time-weightedaverage (TWA) basis for a normal work-day and workweek, unless preceded by aC to designate a “ceiling” limit.
The lower flammability limit (LFL) isthe lowest concentration at which the re-frigerant burns in air under prescribed
test conditions. It is an indication offlammability.
The heat of combustion (HOC) is anindicator of how much energy the refrig-erant releases when it burns in air, assum-ing complete reaction to the most stableproducts in their vapor state. Negativevalues indicate endothermic reactions(those that require heat to proceed),while positive values indicate exothermicreactions (those that liberate heat).
The ASHRAE Standard 34 safetygroup is an assigned classification that isbased on data used to determine theTLV-TWA (or consistent measure), LFL,and HOC. It comprises a letter (A or B)that indicates relative toxicity followed bya number (1, 2, or 3) that indicates rela-tive flammability. These classificationsare widely used in mechanical and fireconstruction codes to determine require-ments to promote safe use. Most of thesecode provisions are based on ASHRAEStandard 15, Safety Standard for Refriger-ation Systems. Some of the classificationsshown are followed by the lower case let-ter “r.” It signifies that the committee re-sponsible for ASHRAE 34 has recom-mended revision or addition of theclassification shown, but final approvaland/or publication is still pending. Simi-larly, a “d” indicates a deletion.
Blends were assigned dual classifica-tions, such as A1/A2, in the past to indi-cate the safety groups both as formulatedand for the worst case of fractionation.That practice changed to assignment of asingle safety group reflecting the worstcase of fractionation for specified leakand refill scenarios.
Environmental dataThe atmospheric lifetime (τatm) is an in-
dication of the average persistence of re-frigerant released into the atmosphereuntil it decomposes, reacts with otherchemicals, or is otherwise removed.While τatm factors into additional envi-ronmental parameters, it also is signifi-cant in its own right. It suggests the po-tential for atmospheric accumulation ofreleased refrigerants (and other chemi-cals). Long atmospheric lifetime implies
the potential for slow recovery from envi-ronmental problems, both those alreadyknown and additional concerns identi-fied in the future.
The values shown for the refrigerantlives are composite atmospheric life-times. The lifetimes also can be shownseparately for the tropospheric (lower at-mosphere, where we live), stratospheric(next layer, where global depletion ofozone is a concern), and higher layers be-cause the dominant atmospheric chem-istry changes between layers.
The ozone depletion potential (ODP) isa normalized indicator, based on a valueof one for R-11, of the ability of refriger-ants (and other chemicals) to destroystratospheric ozone molecules.
The values shown in Tables 1 and 2 aresemi-empirical ODPs, calculated valuesthat incorporate adjustments for ob-served atmospheric measurements.8 TheODPs shown for blends are mass-weighted averages. The semi-empiricalapproach is conceptually more accuratethan other measures, though it is stillevolving with further and improvedmeasurements and understanding.
Previous summaries2,3,4 focused onmodeled ODP values, then deemed themost indicative of environmental im-pacts based on consensus internationalassessments. There are several otherODP indices, including time-dependentand regulatory variations.
Time-dependent ODPs use chemicalsother than R-11 as the reference. Nor-malizing values to short-lived com-pounds emphasizes near-term impacts,but discounts long-term effects. Time-dependent ODPs are not cited often, be-cause release of ozone-depleting sub-stances already has peaked, and recoveryof the stratospheric ozone layer is underway.
The global warming potential (GWP)is a normalized indicator of the potencyto warm the planet by action as a green-house gas. The values shown are relativeto carbon dioxide (CO2) for an integra-tion period of 100 years, again based on
52 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
Text continued on Page 63
53HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c(˚C
)(˚F
)
P c(M
Pa)
(psi
a)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 1
. Ph
ysic
al, s
afet
y, a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
l dat
a fo
r ref
rige
rant
s (s
orte
d by
ASH
RAE
Stan
dard
34
desi
gnat
ions
).
1
1
12B
1
12
1
3B1
1
3
13I
1
14
2
1
22
2
3
30
3
1
32
4
1
50
113
114
115
116
123
124
125
134
aE1
34 1
41b
142
b 1
43a
152
a 1
60 1
61 1
70E1
70 2
18 2
27ea
236
fa 2
45ca
245
faE2
45cb
1C2
70 2
90C3
18E3
47m
my1
CCl 3F
CBrC
lF2,
hal
on 1
211
CCl 2F
2CB
rF3,
hal
on 1
301
CClF
3CF
3I, t
riflu
oroi
odom
etha
neCF
4, c
arbo
n te
traflu
orid
eCH
Cl2F
CHCl
F 2CH
F 3, f
luor
ofor
mCH
2Cl 2,
met
hyle
ne c
hlor
ide
CH2C
lFCH
2F2,
met
hyle
ne fl
uorid
eCH
3F, m
ethy
l flu
orid
eCH
4, m
etha
neCC
l 2FCC
lF2
CClF
2CCl
F 2CC
lF2C
F 3CF
3CF 3
, per
fluor
oeth
ane
CHCl
2CF 3
CHCl
FCF 3
CHF 2
CF3
CH2F
CF3
CHF 2
-O-C
HF2
CH3C
Cl2F
CH3C
ClF 2
CH3C
F 3CH
3CHF
2CH
3CH 2
Cl, e
thyl
chl
orid
eCH
3CH 2
F, et
hyl f
luor
ide
CH3C
H 3, e
than
eCH
3-O-
CH3,
DM
ECF
3CF 2
CF3,
per
fluor
opro
pane
CF3C
HFCF
3CF
3CH 2
CF3
CH2F
CF2C
HF2
CHF 2
CH2C
F 3CH
3-O-
CF2-
CF3
-CH 2
-CH 2
-CH 2
-, cy
clop
ropa
neCH
3CH 2
CH3,
pro
pane
-CF 2
-CF 2
-CF 2
-CF 2
-CF
3-CF
(OCH
3)-C
F 3
137.
3716
5.36
120.
9114
8.91
104.
4619
5.91
88.0
010
2.92
86.4
770
.01
84.9
368
.48
52.0
234
.03
16.0
418
7.38
170.
9215
4.47
138.
0115
2.93
136.
4812
0.02
102.
0311
8.03
116.
9510
0.50
84.0
466
.05
64.5
148
.06
30.0
746
.07
188.
0217
0.03
152.
0413
4.05
134.
0515
0.05
42.0
844
.10
200.
0320
0.05
23.7
-4.0
-29.
8-5
8.7
-81.
5-2
1.9
-128
.0 8.9
-40.
8-8
2.0
40.2
-9.1
-51.
7-7
8.3
-161
.547
.6 3.6
-38.
9-7
8.1
27.8
-12.
0-4
8.1
-26.
15.
532
.0-9
.1-4
7.2
-24.
013
.1-3
7.6
-88.
6-2
4.8
-36.
8-1
6.4
-1.4
25.1
15.1 5.9
-31.
5-4
2.1
-6.0
29.4
74.7
24.8
-21.
6-7
3.7
-114
.7-7
.4-1
98.4
48.0
-41.
4-1
15.6
104.
415
.6-6
1.1
-108
.9-2
58.7
117.
738
.5-3
8.0
-108
.682
.010
.4-5
4.6
-15.
041
.989
.615
.6-5
3.0
-11.
255
.6-3
5.7
-127
.5-1
2.6
-34.
22.
529
.577
.259
.242
.6-2
4.7
-43.
821
.284
.9
198.
015
4.0
112.
067
.128
.912
3.3
-45.
617
8.3
96.1
26.1
237.
015
1.8
78.1
44.1
-82.
621
4.1
145.
780
.019
.918
3.7
122.
366
.010
1.1
147.
120
4.4
137.
172
.711
3.3
187.
310
2.2
32.2
127.
271
.910
2.8
124.
917
4.4
154.
013
3.7
125.
296
.711
5.2
160.
8
388.
430
9.2
233.
615
2.8
84.0
253.
9-5
0.1
352.
920
5.0
79.0
458.
630
5.2
172.
611
1.4
-116
.741
7.4
294.
317
6.0
67.8
362.
725
2.1
150.
821
4.0
296.
839
9.9
278.
816
2.9
235.
936
9.1
216.
090
.026
1.0
161.
421
7.0
256.
834
5.9
309.
227
2.7
257.
420
6.1
239.
432
1.4
4.41
4.10
4.14
3.97
3.88
3.95
3.75
5.18
4.99
4.83
6.08
5.13
5.78
5.90
4.60
3.39
3.26
3.12
3.05
3.66
3.62
3.62
4.06
4.23
4.21
4.06
3.76
4.52
5.27
5.09
4.87
5.34
2.64
3.00
3.20
3.93
3.65
2.89
5.58
4.25
2.78
2.55
640
595
600
576
563
573
544
751
724
701
882
744
838
856
667
492
473
453
442
531
525
525
589
614
611
589
545
656
764
738
706
775
383
435
464
570
529
419
809
616
403
370
C100
0
1000
1000
1000 10
1000
1000 50 0.1
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000 50
1000
1000
1000 500
1000
1000
1000 100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000 300
2500
1000
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none 13
14.4 4.8
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none 5.8
6.0
7.0
4.8
3.6
3.8
3.1
3.3
none
none
none 7.1
none
flam 2.4
2.1
none
0.9
-0.8
-3.0 2.2
-12.
5
9.4
0.1
-3.1
-2.1 2.1
0.9
-1.5 4.2
8.6
9.8
10.4
17.4
20.6
31.8 3.3
8.4
6.1
49.7
50.4
387
-344
-129
0
946
-537
4
4041 43
-133
3-9
03 903
387
-645
1806
3697
4213
4471
7481
8856
1367
2
1419
3611
2623
2136
721
668
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 B1 A1 A1 B2 A2 A3 A1 A1 A1 A1 B1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A1 A1 A1 B1 A3 A1
45
16
1
00
65
6
40
~0
.01
5000
0
1
.7
12.0
2
70
0
.38
1.3
4.9
2.4
12.0
85
300
170
010
000
1.3
5.8
29
14
.0
26
9.3
17.9
52
1
.4
0
.11
0.2
1
0
.21
0.0
15 2
600
42
240
6.2
7.6
5.1
0.4
4
0
.041
320
0
3
.4
1.
000
7.
100
1.
000
16.
000
1.
000
≤0.
018
0
0.
010
0.
050
0
0.
010
0
0
0
1.
000
1.
000
0.
440
0
0.
020
0.
020
0
0
0
0.
120
0.
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0.
020
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0
0
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000
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4750
1890
1089
071
4014
420 ~1
7390 151
1810
1476
0 10 675 92 23
6130
1004
073
7012
200 77 609
3500
1430
6320 725
2310
4470 124 12 ~20 1
8830
3220
9810 693
1030 708
~20
1025
034
3Co
ntin
ued
on n
ext p
age
54 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
400
>>
400
>>
401A
401B
401C
402A
402B
403A
403B
404A
405A
406A
407A
407B
407C
407D
407E
408A
409A
409B
410A
410B
R-12
/114
(50.
0/50
.0),
R-40
0 (5
0/50
)R-
12/1
14 (6
0.0/
40.0
),R-
400
(60/
40)
R-22
/152
a/12
4 (5
3.0/
13.0
/34.
0),
MP3
9R-
22/1
52a/
124
(61.
0/11
.0/2
8.0)
,M
P66
R-22
/152
a/12
4 (3
3.0/
15.0
/52.
0),
MP5
2R-
125/
290/
22 (6
0.0/
2.0/
38.0
),HP
80R-
125/
290/
22 (3
8.0/
2.0/
60.0
),HP
81R-
290/
22/2
18 (5
.0/7
5.0/
20.0
),69
-SR-
290/
22/2
18 (5
.0/5
6.0/
39.0
),69
-LR-
125/
143a
/134
a (4
4.0/
52.0
/4.0
),HP
62 a
nd F
X-70
R-22
/152
a/14
2b/C
318
(45.
0/7.
0/5.
5/42
.5),
G201
5R-
22/6
00a/
142b
(55.
0/4.
0/41
.0),
Auto
frost
-X3
R-32
/125
/134
a (2
0.0/
40.0
/40.
0),
Klea
60
R-32
/125
/134
a (1
0.0/
70.0
/20.
0),
Klea
61
R-32
/125
/134
a (2
3.0/
25.0
/52.
0),
Klea
66
and
Suva
900
0R-
32/1
25/1
34a
(15.
0/15
.0/7
0.0)
R-32
/125
/134
a (2
5.0/
15.0
/60.
0)R-
125/
143a
/22
(7.0
/46.
0/47
.0),
FX-1
0R-
22/1
24/1
42b
(60.
0/25
.0/1
5.0)
,FX
-56
R-22
/124
/142
b (6
5.0/
25.0
/10.
0),
FX-5
7R-
32/1
25 (5
0.0/
50.0
),Su
va 9
100
and
AZ-2
0R-
32/1
25 (4
5.0/
55.0
)
141.
63
136.
94
94.4
4
92.8
4
101.
03
101.
55
94.7
1
91.9
9
103.
26
97.6
0
111.
91
89.8
6
90.1
1
102.
94
86.2
0
90.9
683
.78
87.0
1
97.4
3
96.6
7
72.5
8
75.5
7
-20.
8
-23.
2
-32.
9
-34.
5
-28.
3
-48.
9
-47.
0
-47.
7
-49.
2
-46.
2
-32.
6
-32.
5
-45.
0
-46.
5
-43.
6
-39.
2-4
2.7
-44.
6
-34.
4
-35.
6
-51.
4
-51.
3
-5.4
-9.8
-27.
2
-30.
1
-18.
9
-56.
0
-52.
6
-53.
9
-56.
6
-51.
2
-26.
7
-26.
5
-49.
0
-51.
7
-46.
5
-38.
6-4
4.9
-48.
3
-29.
9
-32.
1
-60.
5
-60.
3
129.
1
125.
6
107.
3
105.
6
111.
7
75.9
82.9
87.0
79.6
72.0
106.
1
116.
9
81.8
74.3
85.8
91.2
88.3
83.1
109.
3
106.
9
70.5
69.7
264.
4
258.
1
225.
1
222.
1
233.
1
168.
6
181.
2
188.
6
175.
3
161.
6
223.
0
242.
4
179.
2
165.
7
186.
4
196.
219
0.9
181.
6
228.
7
224.
4
158.
9
157.
5
3.94
4.01
4.61
4.69
4.37
4.22
4.52
4.70
4.33
3.72
4.28
4.86
4.47
4.07
4.60
4.45
4.69
4.29
4.70
4.73
4.81
4.71
571
582
669
680
634
612
656
682
628
540
621
705
648
590
667
645
680
622
682
686
698
683
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
13.0
none
none
none 8.2
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
-2.7
-1.4
-1.6
-6.6
-3.6
-1.8
-4.9
-4.3
-4.8 5.7
3.0
-4.4
-116
1
-602
-688
-283
7
-154
8
-774
-210
7
-184
9-2
064
2451
1290
-189
2
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 d A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
1.00
0
1.00
0
0.03
3
0.03
6
0.02
7
0.01
9
0.03
0
0.03
8
0.02
8
0 0.02
6
0.05
6
0 0 0 0 0 0.02
4
0.04
6
0.04
5
0 0
1000
0
1100
0
1200
1300 930
2800
2400
3100
4500
3900
5300
1900
2100
2800
1800
1600
1600
3200
1600
1600
2100
2200
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 1
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by A
SHRA
E St
anda
rd 3
4 de
sign
atio
ns).
55HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
411A
411B
----
412A
413A
414A
414B
415A
415B
416A
417A
418A
419A
420A
----
421A
421B
422A
422B
422C
422D
423A
424A
425A
R-12
70/2
2/15
2a (1
.5/8
7.5/
11.0
),G2
018A
R-12
70/2
2/15
2a (3
.0/9
4.0/
3.0)
,G2
018B
R-12
70/2
2/15
2a (3
.0/9
5.5/
1.5)
,G2
018C
R-22
/218
/142
b (7
0.0/
5.0/
25.0
),Ar
cton
TP5
RR-
218/
134a
/600
a (9
.0/8
8.0/
3.0)
,Is
ceon
MO4
9R-
22/1
24/6
00a/
142b
(51.
0/28
.5/4
.0/1
6.5)
, GHG
-X4
R-22
/124
/600
a/14
2b(5
0.0/
39.0
/1.5
/9.5
), Ho
t Sho
tR-
22/1
52a
(82.
0/18
.0)
R-22
/152
a (2
5.0/
75.0
), TH
R01b
R-13
4a/1
24/6
00 (5
9.0/
39.5
/1.5
),FR
-12
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00 (4
6.6/
50.0
/3.4
),Is
ceon
MO5
9 an
d NU
-22
R-29
0/22
/152
a (1
.5/9
6.0/
2.5)
,TH
R03b
R-12
5/13
4a/E
170
(77.
0/19
.0/4
.0),
FX-9
0R-
134a
/142
b (8
8.0/
12.0
)R-
134a
/142
b (8
0.6/
19.4
), RB
-276
R-12
5/13
4a (5
8.0/
42.0
)R-
125/
134a
(85.
0/15
.0)
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(85.
1/11
.5/3
.4),
One
Shot
and
Isce
on M
O79
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(55.
0/42
.0/3
.0)
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(82.
0/15
.0/3
.0)
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(65.
1/31
.5/3
.4),
Isce
on M
O29
R-13
4a/2
27ea
(52.
5/47
.5),
Isce
on 3
9TC
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a/
600/
601a
(50.
5/47
.0/0
.9/1
.0/0
.6),
RS-4
4R-
32/1
34a/
227e
a (1
8.5/
69.5
/12.
0),
THR0
3a
82.3
6
83.0
7
83.4
4
92.1
7
103.
95
96.9
3
101.
59
81.9
170
.19
111.
92
106.
75
84.6
0
109.
34
101.
8410
1.73
111.
7511
6.93
113.
60
108.
5211
3.40
109.
93
125.
96
108.
41
90.3
1
-39.
5
-41.
6
-41.
8
-38.
0
-33.
4
-33.
0
-32.
9
-37.
2-2
6.9
-24.
0
-39.
1
-41.
7
-42.
6
-24.
9-2
4.2
-40.
7-4
5.6
-46.
5
-41.
3-4
5.9
-43.
2
-24.
1
-39.
7
-38.
1
-39.
1
-42.
9
-43.
2
-36.
4
-28.
1
-27.
4
-27.
2
-35.
0-1
6.4
-11.
2
-38.
4
-43.
1
-44.
7
-12.
8-1
1.6
-41.
3-5
0.1
-51.
7
-42.
3-5
0.6
-45.
8
-11.
4
-39.
5
-36.
6
99.1
96.0
95.5
107.
2
96.6
112.
7
111.
0
102.
011
1.4
107.
0
87.3
96.2
79.3
104.
810
7.2
82.9
72.5
71.8
83.4
73.2
79.8
99.5
86.3
93.9
210.
4
204.
8
203.
9
225.
0
205.
9
234.
9
231.
8
215.
623
2.5
224.
6
189.
1
205.
2
174.
7
220.
622
5.0
181.
216
2.5
161.
2
182.
116
3.8
175.
6
211.
1
187.
3
201.
0
4.95
4.95
4.95
4.90
4.02
4.68
4.59
4.96
4.65
3.98
4.05
4.98
3.71
4.09
4.10
3.93
3.75
3.75
3.97
3.78
3.92
3.59
4.02
4.50
718
718
718
711
583
679
666
719
674
577
587
722
538
593
595
570
544
544
576
548
569
521
583
653
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
5.5
7.0
none 8.7
8.8
none
none 5.6
wff
none
none 8.9
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
6.5
3.6
2.7
7.8
1.7
10.0
-0.5 2.6
5.1
2794
1548
1161
3353 731
4299
-215
1118
2193
A2 A2 A2 A2 A1 A1 A2 A2 A1 A1 A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
0.04
4
0.04
7
0.04
8
0.05
3
0 0.04
3
0.03
9
0.04
10.
013
0.00
8
0 0.04
8
0 0.00
80.
014
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1600
1700
1700
2300
2100
1500
1400
1500 550
1100
2300
1700
3000
1500
1600
2600
3200
3100
2500
3100
2700
2300
2400
1500
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 1
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by A
SHRA
E St
anda
rd 3
4 de
sign
atio
ns).
56 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
426A
427A
----
----
428A
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507A
508A
508B
509A
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00/6
01a
(5.1
/93.
0/1.
3/0.
6)R-
32/1
25/1
43a/
134a
(15.
0/25
.0/1
0.0/
50.0
), FX
-100
R-32
/125
/143
a/13
4a,
(2.0
/41.
0/50
.0/7
.0),
FX-4
8BR-
32/1
25/1
43a/
134a
(10.
0/33
.0/3
6.0/
21.0
), HX
4R-
125/
143a
/290
/600
a(7
7.5/
20.0
/0.6
/1.9
), RS
-52
R-12
/152
a (7
3.8/
26.2
)R-
22/1
2 (7
5.0/
25.0
)R-
22/1
15 (4
8.8/
51.2
)R-
23/1
3 (4
0.1/
59.9
)R-
32/1
15 (4
8.2/
51.8
)R-
12/3
1 (7
8.0/
22.0
)R-
31/1
14 (5
5.1/
44.9
)R-
125/
143a
(50.
0/50
.0),
AZ-5
0R-
23/1
16 (3
9.0/
61.0
), Kl
ea 5
R3R-
23/1
16 (4
6.0/
54.0
), Su
va 9
5R-
22/2
18 (4
4.0/
56.0
),Ar
cton
TP5
R2R-
23/3
2/13
4a (4
.5/2
1.5/
74.0
),FX
-220
R-32
/125
/134
a/60
0(1
0.0/
42.0
/45.
0/3.
0)R-
32/1
25/1
43a
(10.
0/45
.0/4
5.0)
,FX
-40
R-32
/125
/161
(15.
0/34
.0/5
1.0)
,ZJ
U ZH
1R-
32/1
34a
(30.
0/70
.0)
R-32
/600
(95.
0/5.
0)R-
32/6
00a
(90.
0/10
.0)
R-12
5/13
4a/1
52a
(35.
0/40
.0/2
5.0)
,GH
G-X8
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00/6
01a
(50.
0/47
.0/2
.7/0
.3)
R-12
5/15
2a/2
27ea
(40.
0/5.
0/55
.0),
GHG-
X7R-
125/
290/
134a
/E17
0/22
7ea
(55.4
/0.6/3
4.0/2.
5/7.5)
101.
56
90.4
4
95.8
2
90.8
0
107.
53
99.3
093
.10
111.
6387
.25
79.2
510
3.48
93.6
998
.86
100.
1095
.39
123.
96
83.1
4
96.6
4
90.6
9
61.2
4
79.1
952
.30
52.5
894
.15
107.
78
136.
53
109.
32
-28.
5
-43.
0
-46.
4
-46.
5
-48.
4
-33.
6-4
0.7
-45.
2-8
7.8
-57.
7-3
0.0
-12.
3-4
6.7
-87.
6-8
7.6
-49.
7
-46.
6
-42.
6
-49.
0
-46.
2
-41.
7-5
1.4
-53.
1-3
4.9
-39.
6
-38.
7
-41.
4
-19.
3
-45.
4
-51.
5
-51.
7
-55.
1
-28.
5-4
1.3
-49.
4-1
26.0
-71.
9-2
2.0
9.9
-52.
1-1
25.7
-125
.7-5
7.5
-51.
9
-44.
7
-56.
2
-51.
2
-43.
1-6
0.5
-63.
6-3
0.8
-39.
3
-37.
7
-42.
5
100.
2
85.1
72.7
76.6
68.9
102.
195
.980
.218
.461
.111
7.8
142.
270
.510
.211
.268
.4
90.8
85.5
69.9
91.1
91.6
81.4
74.1
96.0
86.4
87.0
84.5
212.
4
185.
2
162.
9
169.
9
156.
0
215.
820
4.6
176.
465
.114
2.0
244.
028
8.0
158.
950
.452
.215
5.1
195.
4
185.
9
157.
8
196.
0
196.
917
8.5
165.
420
4.8
187.
5
188.
6
184.
1
4.11
4.37
3.80
4.09
3.72
4.17
4.76
3.92
4.28
4.33
4.73
5.16
3.70
3.65
3.77
3.60
4.78
4.36
3.96
5.21
4.86
5.98
5.26
4.19
4.03
3.56
3.86
596
634
551
593
540
605
690
569
621
628
686
748
537
529
547
522
693
632
574
756
705
867
763
608
585
516
560
990
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none wff
flam
flam wff
none
4.7
-5.5
2021
-236
5
A1 r
A1 r
A1 r
A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
0 0 0 0 0 0.73
80.
288
0.25
00.
599
0.22
80.
782
0.45
50 0 0 0.
022
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1500
2100
3800
3100
3600
8100
4100
4700
1500
041
0084
0044
0040
0013
000
1300
057
00
1900
2200
3700
1300
1200 640
610
1800
2400
3200
2700
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 1
(con
tinue
d). P
hysi
cal,
safe
ty, a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
l dat
a fo
r ref
rige
rant
s (s
orte
d by
ASH
RAE
Stan
dard
34
desi
gnat
ions
).
Refri
gera
ntPh
ysic
al d
ata
Safe
ty d
ata
Envi
ronm
enta
l dat
a
TAB
LE 1
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by A
SHRA
E St
anda
rd 3
4 de
sign
atio
ns).
57HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
----
----
----
----
----
----
---
-
---
-
---
-
---
-
---
- 6
00 6
00a
601
601
a 6
10 6
11 6
30 6
31 7
02 7
04 7
17 7
18 7
29 7
40 7
44 7
64 7
8411
3011
5012
70
R-12
5/29
0/21
8 (8
6.0/
5.0/
9.0)
,Is
ceon
89
R-15
2a/6
00a
(70.
0/30
.0),
C1R-
161/
13I1
(80.
0/20
.0)
R-16
1/21
8/13
I1 (6
5.4/
18.2
/16.
4)R-
170/
290
(6.0
/94.
0), E
R22/
502
R-21
8/13
4a/6
00 (3
2.7/
62.8
/4.5
),CM
1R-
290/
600a
(50.
0/50
.0),
prop
ane/
isob
utan
eR-
600a
/600
(50.
0/50
.0),
isob
utan
e/bu
tane
R-60
1/60
2 (9
0.1/
9.9)
,pe
ntan
e/he
xane
R-60
1a/6
01 (3
7.0/
63.0
),is
open
tane
/pen
tane
R-71
7/E1
70 (6
0.0/
40.0
), “R
723”
CH3-
CH2-
CH2-
CH3,
but
ane
CH(C
H 3) 2
-CH 3
, iso
buta
neCH
3-CH
2-CH
2-CH
2-CH
3, p
enta
ne(C
H 3) 2
CH-C
H 2-C
H 3, i
sope
ntan
eCH
3-CH
2-O-
CH2-
CH3,
eth
yl e
ther
HCOO
CH3,
met
hyl f
orm
ate
CH3(
NH2)
, met
hyla
min
eCH
3-CH
2(NH
2), e
thyl
amin
eH 2
, nor
mal
hyd
roge
nHe
, hel
ium
NH3,
am
mon
iaH 2
O, w
ater
Air (
78%
N2,
21%
O2,
1%
Ar,
+)Ar
, arg
onCO
2, c
arbo
n di
oxid
eSO
2, s
ulfu
r dio
xide
Kr, k
rypt
onCH
Cl=C
HCl,
diel
ene
CH2=
CH2,
eth
ylen
eCH
3CH=
CH2,
pro
pyle
ne
113.
92
63.4
556
.60
64.8
840
.32
115.
36
50.1
5
58.1
2
73.3
3
72.1
5
22.7
758
.12
58.1
272
.15
72.1
574
.12
60.0
531
.06
45.0
82.
024.
0017
.03
18.0
228
.97
39.9
544
.01
64.0
683
.80
96.9
428
.05
42.0
8
-53.
4
-27.
7-3
7.7
-37.
8-5
1.5
-36.
7
-32.
8
-6.7
37.8
32.7
-39.
3-0
.5-1
1.7
36.1
27.8
34.6
31.7
-6.7
16.6
-252
.9-2
68.9
-33.
310
0.0
-194
.2-1
85.8
-78.
4-1
0.0
-153
.447
.8-1
03.8
-47.
7
-64.
1
-17.
9-3
5.9
-36.
0-6
0.7
-34.
1
-27.
0
19.9
100.
0
90.9
-38.
731
.110
.997
.082
.094
.389
.119
.961
.9-4
23.2
-452
.0-2
7.9
212.
0-3
17.6
-302
.4-1
09.1
14.0
-244
.111
8.0
-154
.8-5
3.9
64.3
107.
010
3.4
101.
492
.989
.8
118.
2
145.
2
200.
4
193.
2
131.
215
2.0
134.
719
6.6
187.
221
4.0
214.
015
6.9
183.
0-2
40.0
-268
.013
2.3
373.
9-1
40.4
-122
.531
.015
7.5
-63.
724
3.3
9.2
92.4
147.
7
224.
621
8.1
214.
519
9.2
193.
6
244.
8
293.
4
392.
7
379.
8
268.
230
5.6
274.
538
5.9
369.
041
7.2
417.
231
4.4
361.
4-4
00.0
-450
.427
0.1
705.
0-2
20.7
-188
.587
.831
5.5
-82.
746
9.9
48.6
198.
3
3.74
4.03
5.16
4.96
4.42
3.85
4.24
3.80
3.37
3.38
11.0
13.
803.
633.
373.
386.
005.
997.
435.
621.
320.
2311
.33
22.0
63.
844.
867.
387.
885.
535.
485.
044.
66
542
585
748
719
641
558
615
551
489
490
1597 551
526
489
490
870
869
1078 815
191 33
1643
3200 557
705
1070
1143 802
795
731
676
800
800
600
600
400
100 5 5 25
5000 2
200
1000 660
none
3.15 1.9
2.0
1.6
high
high 6.0
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.0
1.9
4.5
4.9
3.5
4.0
none
15.0
none
none
none
none
none
none 5.6
2.7
2.0
49.8
49.5
49.4
3531
22.5
2141
0
2128
121
238
1518
^3
9673
A3 A3 A3 B2 A3 A1 B2 A1 A1 A1 B1 A3 A3
0 0 0.00
40.
003
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
00.
000
0.00
00.
000
0.00
00.
000
0 0 0 0.00
00 0 0.
000
0.00
00
0.01
80.
019
0.01
0.
01
0.16
0.01
>50
0.00
40.
001
3800 93 10
1600 ~20
3800 ~20
~20
~20
~20 <1 ~20
~20
~20
~20 <1 <1 0 1
300
~20
NBP
= no
rmal
boi
ling
poin
t; T c
= c
ritic
al te
mpe
ratu
re; P
c = c
ritic
al p
ress
ure;
OEL
= o
ccup
atio
nal e
xpos
ure
limit
in P
PM b
y vo
lum
e TW
A, u
nles
s pr
eced
ed b
y "C
" for
Cei
ling,
suc
h as
the
ACGI
H Th
resh
old
Lim
it Va
lue
(TLV
-TW
A),
AIH
A W
orkp
lace
Env
ironm
enta
l Exp
osur
e Le
vel (
WEE
L), O
SHA
Perm
issi
ble
Expo
sure
Lim
it (P
EL),
or a
con
sist
ent l
imit
(see
text
); LF
L =
low
er fl
amm
abili
ty li
mit
(% b
y vo
lum
e in
air)
, “fla
m”
indi
cate
s fla
mm
able
but
the
LFL
is u
nkno
wn
and
“wff”
sig
nifie
s th
at th
e w
orst
cas
e of
frac
tiona
tion
may
bec
ome
flam
mab
le; H
OC =
hea
t of c
ombu
stio
n; O
DP =
ozo
ne d
eple
tion
pote
ntia
l (se
mi-e
mpi
rical
); GW
P =
glob
al w
arm
ing
pote
ntia
l (
for 1
00-y
r int
egra
tion)
.
Suffi
xes
to s
afet
y cl
assi
ficat
ions
indi
cate
reco
mm
ende
d ch
ange
s th
at a
re n
ot fi
nal y
et (“
d” fo
r del
etio
n an
d “r
” fo
r rev
isio
n or
add
ition
) or c
lass
ifica
tions
ass
igne
d as
pro
visi
onal
(“p”
); “d
” al
one
indi
cate
s th
at a
prio
r c
lass
ifica
tion
was
del
eted
(with
draw
n).
Data
sou
rces
are
iden
tifie
d in
the
Refri
gera
nt D
atab
ase;
ver
ify th
e da
ta a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d lim
itatio
ns in
thos
e so
urce
s be
fore
use
.
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 1
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by A
SHRA
E St
anda
rd 3
4 de
sign
atio
ns).
Copy
right
© 2
006
Jam
es M
. Cal
m, E
ngin
eerin
g Co
nsul
tant
58 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
He, h
eliu
mH 2
, nor
mal
hyd
roge
nAi
r (78
% N
2, 2
1% O
2, 1
% A
r, +)
Ar, a
rgon
CH4,
met
hane
Kr, k
rypt
onCF
4, c
arbo
n te
traflu
orid
eCH
2=CH
2, e
thyl
ene
CH3C
H 3, e
than
eR-
23/1
3 (4
0.1/
59.9
)R-
23/1
16 (3
9.0/
61.0
), Kl
ea 5
R3R-
23/1
16 (4
6.0/
54.0
), Su
va 9
5CH
F 3, f
luor
ofor
mCC
lF3
CO2,
car
bon
diox
ide
CH3F
, met
hyl f
luor
ide
CF3C
F 3, p
erflu
oroe
than
eCB
rF3,
hal
on 1
301
R-32
/115
(48.
2/51
.8)
R-12
5/29
0/21
8 (8
6.0/
5.0/
9.0)
,Is
ceon
89
R-32
/600
a (9
0.0/
10.0
)CH
2F2,
met
hyle
ne fl
uorid
eR-
170/
290
(6.0
/94.
0), E
R22/
502
R-32
/600
(95.
0/5.
0)R-
32/1
25 (5
0.0/
50.0
),Su
va 9
100
and
AZ-2
0R-
32/1
25 (4
5.0/
55.0
)R-
22/2
18 (4
4.0/
56.0
),Ar
cton
TP5
R2R-
290/
22/2
18 (5
.0/5
6.0/
39.0
),69
-LR-
32/1
25/1
43a
(10.
0/45
.0/4
5.0)
,FX
-40
R-12
5/29
0/22
(60.
0/2.
0/38
.0),
HP80
R-12
5/14
3a/2
90/6
00a
(77.
5/20
.0/0
.6/1
.9),
RS-5
2CH
F 2CF
3CH
3CH=
CH2,
pro
pyle
ne
704
702
729
740
5
0 7
84
14
1150
170
503
508
A 5
08B
2
3
13
744
4
1 1
16
13B
1 5
04 -
---
---
-
32
---
- -
---
410
A
410
B 5
09A
403
B
---
-
402
A
428
A
125
1270
4.00
2.02
28.9
739
.95
16.0
483
.80
88.0
028
.05
30.0
787
.25
100.
1095
.39
70.0
110
4.46
44.0
134
.03
138.
0114
8.91
79.2
511
3.92
52.5
852
.02
40.3
252
.30
72.5
8
75.5
712
3.96
103.
26
90.6
9
101.
55
107.
53
120.
0242
.08
-268
.9-2
52.9
-194
.2-1
85.8
-161
.5-1
53.4
-128
.0-1
03.8
-88.
6-8
7.8
-87.
6-8
7.6
-82.
0-8
1.5
-78.
4-7
8.3
-78.
1-5
8.7
-57.
7-5
3.4
-53.
1-5
1.7
-51.
5-5
1.4
-51.
4
-51.
3-4
9.7
-49.
2
-49.
0
-48.
9
-48.
4
-48.
1-4
7.7
-452
.0-4
23.2
-317
.6-3
02.4
-258
.7-2
44.1
-198
.4-1
54.8
-127
.5-1
26.0
-125
.7-1
25.7
-115
.6-1
14.7
-109
.1-1
08.9
-108
.6-7
3.7
-71.
9-6
4.1
-63.
6-6
1.1
-60.
7-6
0.5
-60.
5
-60.
3-5
7.5
-56.
6
-56.
2
-56.
0
-55.
1
-54.
6-5
3.9
-268
.0-2
40.0
-140
.4-1
22.5
-82.
6-6
3.7
-45.
69.
232
.218
.410
.211
.226
.128
.931
.044
.119
.967
.161
.164
.3
74.1
78.1
92.9
81.4
70.5
69.7
68.4
79.6
69.9
75.9
68.9
66.0
92.4
-450
.4-4
00.0
-220
.7-1
88.5
-116
.7-8
2.7
-50.
148
.690
.065
.150
.452
.279
.084
.087
.811
1.4
67.8
152.
814
2.0
147.
7
165.
417
2.6
199.
217
8.5
158.
9
157.
515
5.1
175.
3
157.
8
168.
6
156.
0
150.
819
8.3
0.23
1.32
3.84
4.86
4.60
5.53
3.75
5.04
4.87
4.28
3.65
3.77
4.83
3.88
7.38
5.90
3.05
3.97
4.33
3.74
5.26
5.78
4.42
5.98
4.81
4.71
3.60
4.33
3.96
4.22
3.72
3.62
4.66
33 191
557
705
667
802
544
731
706
621
529
547
701
563
1070 856
442
576
628
542
763
838
641
867
698
683
522
628
574
612
540
525
676
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
5000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000 660
none 4.0
none
none 4.8
none
none 2.7
3.1
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
flam
14.4 1.9
flam
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none 2.0
-12.
5-3
.0 9.4
-4.4
-1.4
-1.5
-537
4-1
290
4041
-189
2
-602
-645
A1 A3 A1 A3 A1 A3 A3 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 r A1 A3
12.0
5000
0
0
.004
0.2
1
2
70
640
>
50
2
.410
000
65
4.9
29
0
.001
0.0
00 0
.000
0 0.0
00
0.0
00 0 0
.000
0 0.5
99 0 0 0 1
.000
0 0 0 16.0
00 0
.228
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
22
0.0
28
0 0.0
19
0 0 0
0 23
7390 ~20
1500
013
000
1300
014
760
1442
0 1 9212
200
7140
4100
3800 610
675
~20
640
2100
2200
5700
4500
3700
2800
3600
3500 ~20
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 2
. Phy
sica
l, sa
fety
, and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by n
orm
al b
oilin
g po
int).
Refri
gera
ntPh
ysic
al d
ata
Safe
ty d
ata
Envi
ronm
enta
l dat
a
TAB
LE 2
. Ph
ysic
al, s
afet
y, a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
l dat
a fo
r ref
rige
rant
s (s
orte
d by
nor
mal
boi
ling
poin
t).
59HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
R-29
0/22
/218
(5.0
/75.
0/20
.0),
69-S
CH3C
F 3R-
125/
290/
22 (3
8.0/
2.0/
60.0
),HP
81R-
125/
143a
(50.
0/50
.0),
AZ-5
0R-
23/3
2/13
4a (4
.5/2
1.5/
74.0
),FX
-220
R-32
/125
/134
a (1
0.0/
70.0
/20.
0),
Klea
61
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(85.
1/11
.5/3
.4),
One
Shot
and
Isce
on M
O79
R-32
/125
/143
a/13
4a(1
0.0/
33.0
/36.
0/21
.0),
HX4
R-32
/125
/143
a/13
4a(2
.0/4
1.0/
50.0
/7.0
), FX
-48B
R-32
/125
/161
(15.
0/34
.0/5
1.0)
,ZJ
U ZH
1R-
125/
143a
/134
a (4
4.0/
52.0
/4.0
),HP
62 a
nd F
X-70
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(82.
0/15
.0/3
.0)
R-12
5/13
4a (8
5.0/
15.0
)R-
22/1
15 (4
8.8/
51.2
)R-
32/1
25/1
34a
(20.
0/40
.0/4
0.0)
,Kl
ea 6
0R-
125/
143a
/22
(7.0
/46.
0/47
.0),
FX-1
0R-
32/1
25/1
34a
(23.
0/25
.0/5
2.0)
,Kl
ea 6
6 an
d Su
va 9
000
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00a
(65.
1/31
.5/3
.4),
Isce
on M
O29
R-32
/125
/143
a/13
4a(1
5.0/
25.0
/10.
0/50
.0),
FX-1
00R-
32/1
25/1
34a
(25.
0/15
.0/6
0.0)
R-32
/125
/134
a/60
0(1
0.0/
42.0
/45.
0/3.
0)R-
125/
134a
/E17
0 (7
7.0/
19.0
/4.0
),FX
-90
CH3C
H 2CH
3, p
ropa
neR-
1270
/22/
152a
(3.0
/95.
5/1.
5),
G201
8CR-
32/1
34a
(30.
0/70
.0)
403A
143a
402B
507A
----
407B
422A
----
----
----
404A
422C
421B
502
407A
408A
407C
422D
427A
407E
----
419A
290
----
----
91.9
9
84.0
494
.71
98.8
683
.14
102.
94
113.
60
90.8
0
95.8
2
61.2
4
97.6
0
113.
4011
6.93
111.
6390
.11
87.0
1
86.2
0
109.
93
90.4
4
83.7
896
.64
109.
34
44.1
083
.44
79.1
9
-47.
7
-47.
2-4
7.0
-46.
7-4
6.6
-46.
5
-46.
5
-46.
5
-46.
4
-46.
2
-46.
2
-45.
9-4
5.6
-45.
2-4
5.0
-44.
6
-43.
6
-43.
2
-43.
0
-42.
7-4
2.6
-42.
6
-42.
1-4
1.8
-41.
7
-53.
9
-53.
0-5
2.6
-52.
1-5
1.9
-51.
7
-51.
7
-51.
7
-51.
5
-51.
2
-51.
2
-50.
6-5
0.1
-49.
4-4
9.0
-48.
3
-46.
5
-45.
8
-45.
4
-44.
9-4
4.7
-44.
7
-43.
8-4
3.2
-43.
1
87.0
72.7
82.9
70.5
90.8
74.3
71.8
76.6
72.7
91.1
72.0
73.2
72.5
80.2
81.8
83.1
85.8
79.8
85.1
88.3
85.5
79.3
96.7
95.5
91.6
188.
6
162.
918
1.2
158.
919
5.4
165.
7
161.
2
169.
9
162.
9
196.
0
161.
6
163.
816
2.5
176.
417
9.2
181.
6
186.
4
175.
6
185.
2
190.
918
5.9
174.
7
206.
120
3.9
196.
9
4.70
3.76
4.52
3.70
4.78
4.07
3.75
4.09
3.80
5.21
3.72
3.78
3.75
3.92
4.47
4.29
4.60
3.92
4.37
4.69
4.36
3.71
4.25
4.95
4.86
682
545
656
537
693
590
544
593
551
756
540
548
544
569
648
622
667
569
634
680
632
538
616
718
705
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
2500
1000
13.0 7.0
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none 2.1
none wff
10.4
-1.6
-5.5
-1.8
-6.6 2.6
-0.5
-3.6 5.7
-4.9
-4.8
10.0
50.4
4471
-688
-236
5
-774
-283
7
1118
-215
-154
8
2451
-210
7
-206
4
4299
2166
8
A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 r A1 A2 A3
52
0.04
1
0.03
8
0 0.03
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25
00 0.
024
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04
8
0
3100
4470
2400
4000
1900
2800
3100
3100
3800
1300
3900
3100
3200
4700
2100
3200
1800
2700
2100
1600
2200
3000 ~20
1700
1200
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 2
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by n
orm
al b
oilin
g po
int).
60 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
418A
411B
----
422B
22
421A
501
424A
----
411A
----
407D
417A
115
----
425A
412A
----
----
161
415A
218
----
409B
----
401B
409A
84.6
0
83.0
7
109.
32
108.
5286
.47
111.
7593
.10
108.
41
107.
78
82.3
6
22.7
790
.96
106.
75
154.
4713
6.53
90.3
1
92.1
7
64.8
856
.60
48.0
681
.91
188.
0211
5.36
96.6
7
94.1
5
92.8
4
97.4
3
-41.
7
-41.
6
-41.
4
-41.
3-4
0.8
-40.
7-4
0.7
-39.
7
-39.
6
-39.
5
-39.
3-3
9.2
-39.
1
-38.
9-3
8.7
-38.
1
-38.
0
-37.
8-3
7.7
-37.
6-3
7.2
-36.
8-3
6.7
-35.
6
-34.
9
-34.
5
-34.
4
-43.
1
-42.
9
-42.
5
-42.
3-4
1.4
-41.
3-4
1.3
-39.
5
-39.
3
-39.
1
-38.
7-3
8.6
-38.
4
-38.
0-3
7.7
-36.
6
-36.
4
-36.
0-3
5.9
-35.
7-3
5.0
-34.
2-3
4.1
-32.
1
-30.
8
-30.
1
-29.
9
96.2
96.0
84.5
83.4
96.1
82.9
95.9
86.3
86.4
99.1
131.
291
.287
.3
80.0
87.0
93.9
107.
2
101.
410
3.4
102.
210
2.0
71.9
89.8
106.
9
96.0
105.
6
109.
3
205.
2
204.
8
184.
1
182.
120
5.0
181.
220
4.6
187.
3
187.
5
210.
4
268.
219
6.2
189.
1
176.
018
8.6
201.
0
225.
0
214.
521
8.1
216.
021
5.6
161.
419
3.6
224.
4
204.
8
222.
1
228.
7
4.98
4.95
3.86
3.97
4.99
3.93
4.76
4.02
4.03
4.95
11.0
14.
454.
05
3.12
3.56
4.50
4.90
4.96
5.16
5.09
4.96
2.64
3.85
4.73
4.19
4.69
4.70
722
718
560
576
724
570
690
583
585
718
1597 645
587
453
516
653
711
719
748
738
719
383
558
686
608
680
682
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
8.9
7.0
none
none
none
none
none 5.5
6.0
none
none
none
none
none 8.7
3.8
5.6
none
none wff
none
none
1.7
6.5
2.2
-4.3
-2.1 5.1
2.7
-2.7 3.0
731
2794 946
-184
9
-903
2193
1161
-116
1
1290
A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1
12.0
1700
0.21
2600
0.04
8
0.04
7
0 0 0.05
00 0.
288
0 0 0.04
4
0 0 0 0.44
00 0 0.
053
0.00
30.
004
0 0.04
10 0 0.
045
0 0.03
6
0.04
6
1700
1700
2700
2500
1810
2600
4100
2400
2400
1600 <1
1600
2300
7370
3200
1500
2300
1600 10 12
1500
8830
3800
1600
1800
1300
1600
R-29
0/22
/152
a (1
.5/9
6.0/
2.5)
,TH
R03b
R-12
70/2
2/15
2a (3
.0/9
4.0/
3.0)
,G2
018B
R-12
5/29
0/13
4a/E
170/
227e
a(5
5.4/0.
6/34.0
/2.5/7
.5)R-
125/
134a
/600
a (5
5.0/
42.0
/3.0
)CH
ClF 2
R-12
5/13
4a (5
8.0/
42.0
)R-
22/1
2 (7
5.0/
25.0
)R-
125/
134a
/600
a/60
0/60
1a(5
0.5/
47.0
/0.9
/1.0
/0.6
), RS
-44
R-12
5/13
4a/6
00/6
01a
(50.
0/47
.0/2
.7/0
.3)
R-12
70/2
2/15
2a (1
.5/8
7.5/
11.0
),G2
018A
R-71
7/E1
70 (6
0.0/
40.0
), “R
723”
R-32
/125
/134
a (1
5.0/
15.0
/70.
0)R-
125/
134a
/600
(46.
6/50
.0/3
.4),
Isce
on M
O59
and
NU-2
2CC
lF2C
F 3R-
125/
152a
/227
ea (4
0.0/
5.0/
55.0
),GH
G-X7
R-32
/134
a/22
7ea
(18.
5/69
.5/1
2.0)
,TH
R03a
R-22
/218
/142
b (7
0.0/
5.0/
25.0
),Ar
cton
TP5
RR-
161/
218/
13I1
(65.
4/18
.2/1
6.4)
R-16
1/13
I1 (8
0.0/
20.0
)CH
3CH 2
F, et
hyl f
luor
ide
R-22
/152
a (8
2.0/
18.0
)CF
3CF 2
CF3,
per
fluor
opro
pane
R-21
8/13
4a/6
00 (3
2.7/
62.8
/4.5
),CM
1R-
22/1
24/1
42b
(65.
0/25
.0/1
0.0)
,FX
-57
R-12
5/13
4a/1
52a
(35.
0/40
.0/2
5.0)
,GH
G-X8
R-22
/152
a/12
4 (6
1.0/
11.0
/28.
0),
MP6
6R-
22/1
24/1
42b
(60.
0/25
.0/1
5.0)
,FX
-56
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 2
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by n
orm
al b
oilin
g po
int).
61HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
Cont
inue
d on
nex
t pag
e
R-12
/152
a (7
3.8/
26.2
)R-
218/
134a
/600
a (9
.0/8
8.0/
3.0)
,Is
ceon
MO4
9NH
3, a
mm
onia
R-22
/124
/600
a/14
2b(5
1.0/
28.5
/4.0
/16.
5), G
HG-X
4R-
22/1
52a/
124
(53.
0/13
.0/3
4.0)
,M
P39
R-22
/124
/600
a/14
2b(5
0.0/
39.0
/1.5
/9.5
), Ho
t Sho
tR-
290/
600a
(50.
0/50
.0),
prop
ane/
isob
utan
eR-
22/1
52a/
142b
/C31
8(4
5.0/
7.0/
5.5/
42.5
), G2
015
R-22
/600
a/14
2b (5
5.0/
4.0/
41.0
),Au
tofro
st-X
3-C
H 2-C
H 2-C
H 2-,
cycl
opro
pane
R-12
/31
(78.
0/22
.0)
CCl 2F
2R-
125/
134a
/600
/601
a(5
.1/9
3.0/
1.3/
0.6)
R-22
/152
a/12
4 (3
3.0/
15.0
/52.
0),
MP5
2R-
152a
/600
a (7
0.0/
30.0
), C1
R-22
/152
a (2
5.0/
75.0
), TH
R01b
CH2F
CF3
R-13
4a/1
42b
(88.
0/12
.0)
CH3-
O-CH
3, D
ME
R-13
4a/1
42b
(80.
6/19
.4),
RB-2
76R-
134a
/227
ea (5
2.5/
47.5
),Is
ceon
39T
CCH
3CHF
2R-
134a
/124
/600
(59.
0/39
.5/1
.5),
FR-1
2R-
12/1
14 (6
0.0/
40.0
),R-
400
(60/
40)
CF3I
, trif
luor
oiod
omet
hane
R-12
/114
(50.
0/50
.0),
R-40
0 (5
0/50
)CF
3CHF
CF3
R-31
/114
(55.
1/44
.9)
CHCl
FCF 3
500
413
A
717
414
A
401
A
414
B
---
-
405
A
406
A
C270
505
1
2 4
26A
401
C
---
- 4
15B
134
a 4
20A
E170
---
- 4
23A
152
a 4
16A
400
>>
1
3I1
400
>>
227
ea 5
06 1
24
99.3
010
3.95
17.0
3
96.9
394
.44
101.
59
50.1
5
111.
91
89.8
6
42.0
810
3.48
120.
9110
1.56
101.
03
63.4
570
.19
102.
0310
1.84
46.0
710
1.73
125.
96
66.0
511
1.92
136.
94
195.
9114
1.63
170.
0393
.69
136.
48
-33.
6-3
3.4
-33.
3
-33.
0-3
2.9
-32.
9
-32.
8
-32.
6
-32.
5
-31.
5-3
0.0
-29.
8-2
8.5
-28.
3
-27.
7-2
6.9
-26.
1-2
4.9
-24.
8-2
4.2
-24.
1
-24.
0-2
4.0
-23.
2
-21.
9-2
0.8
-16.
4-1
2.3
-12.
0
-28.
5-2
8.1
-27.
9
-27.
4-2
7.2
-27.
2
-27.
0
-26.
7
-26.
5
-24.
7-2
2.0
-21.
6-1
9.3
-18.
9
-17.
9-1
6.4
-15.
0-1
2.8
-12.
6-1
1.6
-11.
4
-11.
2-1
1.2
-9.8
-7.4
-5.4 2.5
9.9
10.4
102.
196
.6
132.
3
112.
710
7.3
111.
0
118.
2
106.
1
116.
9
125.
211
7.8
112.
010
0.2
111.
7
107.
011
1.4
101.
110
4.8
127.
210
7.2
99.5
113.
310
7.0
125.
6
123.
312
9.1
102.
814
2.2
122.
3
215.
820
5.9
270.
1
234.
922
5.1
231.
8
244.
8
223.
0
242.
4
257.
424
4.0
233.
621
2.4
233.
1
224.
623
2.5
214.
022
0.6
261.
022
5.0
211.
1
235.
922
4.6
258.
1
253.
926
4.4
217.
028
8.0
252.
1
4.17
4.02
11.3
3
4.68
4.61
4.59
4.24
4.28
4.86
5.58
4.73
4.14
4.11
4.37
4.03
4.65
4.06
4.09
5.34
4.10
3.59
4.52
3.98
4.01
3.95
3.94
3.00
5.16
3.62
605
583
1643 679
669
666
615
621
705
809
686
600
596
634
585
674
589
593
775
595
521
656
577
582
573
571
435
748
525
1000 25
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000 990
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
none 8.8
15.0
none
none
none 2.0
none 8.2
2.4
none
none
none
none
3.15 wff
none
none 3.3
none
none 4.8
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
22.5 3.6
49.8
49.7
-0.8 4.7
4.2
31.8
17.4 7.8
3.3
0.9
9673
1548
2141
0
2136
7
-344
2021
1806
1367
2
7481
3353
1419 387
A1 A2 B2 A1 A1 A1 d A2 A1 A1 r A1 A2 A1 A1 A3 A1 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1
0
.01
0
.44
100
14.
0
0
.015
1
.4
~0.
01
42
5
.8
0.7
38 0 0 0
.043
0.0
33
0.0
39
0 0.0
26
0.0
56
0.0
00 0
.782
1.0
00 0 0
.027
0 0.0
13 0 0
.008
0 0.0
14 0 0 0
.008
1.0
00
≤0.0
18 1
.000
0 0.4
55 0
.020
8100
2100 <1
1500
1200
1400 ~20
5300
1900
8400
1089
015
00 930 93 550
1430
1500 1
1600
2300 124
1100
1100
0 ~110
000
3220
4400 609
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 2
(con
tinue
d). P
hysi
cal,
safe
ty, a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
l dat
a fo
r ref
rige
rant
s (s
orte
d by
nor
mal
boi
ling
poin
t).
Refri
gera
ntPh
ysic
al d
ata
Safe
ty d
ata
Envi
ronm
enta
l dat
a
TAB
LE 2
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by n
orm
al b
oilin
g po
int).
62 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
CH(C
H 3) 2
-CH 3
, iso
buta
neSO
2, s
ulfu
r dio
xide
CH3C
ClF 2
CH2C
lFR-
600a
/600
(50.
0/50
.0),
isob
utan
e/bu
tane
CH3(
NH2)
, met
hyla
min
e-C
F 2-C
F 2-C
F 2-C
F 2-
CBrC
lF2,
hal
on 1
211
CF3C
H 2CF
3CH
3-CH
2-CH
2-CH
3, b
utan
eCC
lF2C
ClF 2
CHF 2
-O-C
HF2
CH3-
O-CF
2-CF
3CH
Cl2F
CH3C
H 2Cl
, eth
yl c
hlor
ide
CHF 2
CH2C
F 3CH
3-CH
2(NH
2), e
thyl
amin
eCC
l 3FCH
2FCF
2CHF
2CH
Cl2C
F 3(C
H 3) 2
CH-C
H 2-C
H 3, i
sope
ntan
eCF
3-CF
(OCH
3)-C
F 3HC
OOCH
3, m
ethy
l for
mat
eCH
3CCl
2FR-
601a
/601
(37.
0/63
.0),
isop
enta
ne/p
enta
neCH
3-CH
2-O-
CH2-
CH3,
eth
yl e
ther
CH3-
CH2-
CH2-
CH2-
CH3,
pen
tane
R-60
1/60
2 (9
0.1/
9.9)
,pe
ntan
e/he
xane
CH2C
l 2, m
ethy
lene
chl
orid
eCC
l 2FCC
lF2
CHCl
=CHC
l, di
elen
eH 2
O, w
ater
600
a 7
64 1
42b
3
1 -
---
630
C318
1
2B1
236
fa 6
00 1
14E1
34E2
45cb
1
21
160
245
fa 6
31
11
245
ca 1
23 6
01a
E347
mm
y1 6
11 1
41b
---
-
610
601
---
-
3
0 1
1311
30 7
18
58.1
264
.06
100.
5068
.48
58.1
2
31.0
620
0.03
165.
3615
2.04
58.1
217
0.92
118.
0315
0.05
102.
9264
.51
134.
0545
.08
137.
3713
4.05
152.
9372
.15
200.
0560
.05
116.
9572
.15
74.1
272
.15
73.3
3
84.9
318
7.38
96.9
418
.02
-11.
7-1
0.0
-9.1
-9.1
-6.7
-6.7
-6.0
-4.0
-1.4
-0.5 3.6
5.5
5.9
8.9
13.1
15.1
16.6
23.7
25.1
27.8
27.8
29.4
31.7
32.0
32.7
34.6
36.1
37.8
40.2
47.6
47.8
100.
0
10.9
14.0
15.6
15.6
19.9
19.9
21.2
24.8
29.5
31.1
38.5
41.9
42.6
48.0
55.6
59.2
61.9
74.7
77.2
82.0
82.0
84.9
89.1
89.6
90.9
94.3
97.0
100.
0
104.
411
7.7
118.
021
2.0
134.
715
7.5
137.
115
1.8
145.
2
156.
911
5.2
154.
012
4.9
152.
014
5.7
147.
113
3.7
178.
318
7.3
154.
018
3.0
198.
017
4.4
183.
718
7.2
160.
821
4.0
204.
419
3.2
214.
019
6.6
200.
4
237.
021
4.1
243.
337
3.9
274.
531
5.5
278.
830
5.2
293.
4
314.
423
9.4
309.
225
6.8
305.
629
4.3
296.
827
2.7
352.
936
9.1
309.
236
1.4
388.
434
5.9
362.
736
9.0
321.
441
7.2
399.
937
9.8
417.
238
5.9
392.
7
458.
641
7.4
469.
970
5.0
3.63
7.88
4.06
5.13
3.80
7.43
2.78
4.10
3.20
3.80
3.26
4.23
2.89
5.18
5.27
3.65
5.62
4.41
3.93
3.66
3.38
2.55
5.99
4.21
3.38
6.00
3.37
3.37
6.08
3.39
5.48
22.0
6
526
1143 589
744
551
1078 403
595
464
551
473
614
419
751
764
529
815
640
570
531
490
370
869
611
490
870
489
489
882
492
795
3200
800 2
1000 0.1 5
1000
1000 800
1000 10 100
300 5
C100
0 50 600
100
500
400
600 50
1000 200
1.7
none 6.0
1.6
4.9
none
none
none 1.5
none
none
flam
none 3.6
none 3.5
none 7.1
none 1.0
4.5
5.8
high 1.9
1.4
high 13
none 5.6
none
49.4 9.8
49.5
-3.1
20.6 6.1
0.9
8.4
2.1
3531 8.6
0.1
2123
8
4213
2128
1-1
333
8856
2623 387
3611 903
1518
^3
3697 43
A3 B1 A2 A1 A1 A3 A1 B1 B1 A1 B1 A3 B2 B2 A1 A1
0.01
9
1
7.9
1.3
3200
1
6 2
40
0.
018
300
2
6
5.
1
1.
7
0.
11
7.
6
4
5
6.
2
1.
3
0.
01
3.
4
0.
16
9.
3
0.01
0.38
8
5
0 0 0.07
00.
010
0 0.00
00 7.
100
0 0 1.00
00 0 0.
010
0.02
00 0.
000
1.00
00 0.
020
0 0 0.00
00.
120
0 0.00
00 0 1.
000
0
~20
300
2310 ~20
1025
018
9098
10 ~20
1004
063
20 708
151
1030
4750 693 77 ~20
343
725
~20
~20
~20 10
6130 <1
Num
ber
Refri
gera
nt
NBP
Phys
ical
dat
aSa
fety
dat
aEn
viro
nmen
tal d
ata
Chem
ical
form
ula
or b
lend
com
posi
tion,
com
mon
nam
eM
olec
ular
mas
sOE
L(P
PMv)
LFL
(%)
(˚C)
(˚F)
T c
(˚C)
(˚F)
P c
(MPa
)(p
sia)
HOC
ASHR
AE 3
4sa
fety
gro
upAt
mos
pher
iclif
e, τ
atm
(yr)
ODP
GWP
100
yr(M
J/kg
)(B
tu/lb
)
TAB
LE 2
(con
tinue
d).
Phys
ical
, saf
ety,
and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata
for r
efri
gera
nts
(sor
ted
by n
orm
al b
oilin
g po
int).
NBP
= no
rmal
boi
ling
poin
t; T c
= c
ritic
al te
mpe
ratu
re; P
c = c
ritic
al p
ress
ure;
OEL
= o
ccup
atio
nal e
xpos
ure
limit
in P
PM b
y vo
lum
e TW
A, u
nles
s pr
eced
ed b
y "C
" for
Cei
ling,
suc
h as
the
ACGI
H Th
resh
old
Lim
it Va
lue
(TLV
-TW
A),
AIH
A W
orkp
lace
Env
ironm
enta
l Exp
osur
e Le
vel (
WEE
L), O
SHA
Perm
issi
ble
Expo
sure
Lim
it (P
EL),
or a
con
sist
ent l
imit
(see
text
); LF
L =
low
er fl
amm
abili
ty li
mit
(% b
y vo
lum
e in
air)
, “fla
m”
indi
cate
s fla
mm
able
but
the
LFL
is u
nkno
wn
and
“wff”
sig
nifie
s th
at th
e w
orst
cas
e of
frac
tiona
tion
may
bec
ome
flam
mab
le; H
OC =
hea
t of c
ombu
stio
n; O
DP =
ozo
ne d
eple
tion
pote
ntia
l (se
mi-e
mpi
rical
); GW
P =
glob
al w
arm
ing
pote
ntia
l (
for 1
00-y
r int
egra
tion)
.
Suffi
xes
to s
afet
y cl
assi
ficat
ions
indi
cate
reco
mm
ende
d ch
ange
s th
at a
re n
ot fi
nal y
et (“
d” fo
r del
etio
n an
d “r
” fo
r rev
isio
n or
add
ition
) or c
lass
ifica
tions
ass
igne
d as
pro
visi
onal
(“p”
); “d
” al
one
indi
cate
s th
at a
prio
r c
lass
ifica
tion
was
del
eted
(with
draw
n).
Data
sou
rces
are
iden
tifie
d in
the
Refri
gera
nt D
atab
ase;
ver
ify th
e da
ta a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d lim
itatio
ns in
thos
e so
urce
s be
fore
use
.Co
pyrig
ht ©
200
6 Ja
mes
M. C
alm
, Eng
inee
ring
Cons
ulta
nt
consensus scientific assessments.8,9,10 TheGWPs shown for blends are calculated,mass-weighted averages.
GWP values can be calculated for anydesired integration period, commonly re-ferred to as the integration time horizon(ITH). Short ITH periods emphasizeimmediate effects, but overlook later im-pacts, while long ITH periods incorpo-rate more of the later effects. The mostcommon GWP values, including thosecited herein, are for an ITH of 100 years.
These GWP values account only forthe direct effect of refrigerants (or othersubstances) upon release as greenhousegases. A variant dubbed an indirectGWP gauges the impacts of other atmos-pheric chemicals created or destroyed byreleased refrigerants. Examples includedecomposition and catalyzed reactionproducts that act as greenhouse gases.Another example is ozone destruction byreleased refrigerants, hence removal of apotent greenhouse gas. Accordingly, in-direct GWP values can be positive ornegative numerically. A positive GWPindicates radiative forcing, or a globalwarming effect. A negative GWP signi-fies negative radiative forcing, or a globalcooling effect. Summing direct and indi-rect GWPs yields net GWPs, which alsocould be positive or—for some ozone-depleting substances—negative. IndirectGWPs should not be confused with the“indirect effect” that accounts for actionof energy-related emissions, as part of“total equivalent warming impact”(TEWI) and similar analyses.
Except for R-50 (methane), the GWPvalues shown in tables 1 and 2 are directrather than net GWPs for consistencywith international assessments, pendingrefinement of the indirect GWP data.The GWP values shown as “~20” for hy-drocarbons reflect uncertainty in calcula-tions, for which there is no scientific con-sensus at this time. The approximationshown is within the range of estimates.Further study, using three-dimensional(3D) models for a range of release scenar-ios, is needed to determine representative
GWPs for chemicals with very short at-mospheric lifetimes, including the satu-rated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsamong others.
The atmospheric lifetime (τatm) im-pacts both the ODP and GWP, but thosemetrics also reflect separate chemicalproperties and other atmospheric data.The τatm, ODP, and GWP all should beas low as possible for selected refrigerants,and they should be considered alongwith performance, safety, and bothchemical and thermal stability.1
Figure 2 depicts the ODPs and GWPsfor common refrigerants. No inferenceshould be drawn that a unit of ODPequals a unit of GWP; they are dissimilarmetrics and there is no direct way toequate them. The intent of the figure is toenable quick identification of which re-frigerants are high in both ODP andGWP, low in one or the other, or low inboth.
References 8, 9, 10, and 11 providefurther information on these indices.
ODP AND GWP DATA FOR REGULATORYAND REPORTING PURPOSES
The ODP and GWP data presented
in tables 1 and 2 reflect the latest consen-sus determinations of potential impacts.However, the reduction requirementsand allocations under the Montreal Pro-tocol (and many national regulationspursuant to it) use older, adopted ODPvalues. The ODP values listed in the an-nexes to the Montreal Protocol, for ex-ample, have not been updated since1987 for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)and 1992 for hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs).9 A note in the Protocol indi-cates that the values “are estimates basedon existing knowledge and will be re-viewed and revised periodically,” but thathas not happened yet. Similarly, emissionreporting pursuant to the Kyoto Protocolis based on data from an earlier assess-ment,12 rather than more recent scientificfindings.
Tables 3 and 4 contrast the regulatory(or reporting) ODP and GWP values tothe latest data from international, scien-tific, consensus assessments. While thescientific data logically would precede theregulatory data, the order is shown as re-versed because the scientific data wereupdated subsequently, while the regula-tory values were not.
63HPAC Engineering • January 2007
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
Continued from Page 52
FIGURE 2. Ozone depletion potential (ODP) contrasted to global warming potential (GWP)for key refrigerants (brown and orange shading indicate semi-empirical and modeledODPs, respectively). CFCs generally have high ODP and GWP. HCFCs generally havemuch lower ODP and GWP. HFCs offer near-zero ODP, but some have very high GWPs.
Copyright © 2006 James M. Calm
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA DIFFERENCESThe values for τatm, ODP, and GWP
change as understanding of atmosphericscience expands and the chemical kinet-ics involved become better understood.They also change when newer measure-ments are made. These factors havedriven periodic reviews andconsensus assessments by thescientific community.
The τatm, ODP, and GWPvalues shown in tables 1 and 2reflect data from the latest in-ternational assessments.8,9,10
The tables include additionaldata from selected scientificpublications for refrigerantsnot addressed in these assess-ments. The data indicated forblends are calculated valuesbased on the components andnominal formulations.
REFERENCES1) J.M. Calm and D.A. Did-
ion, “Trade-Offs in RefrigerantSelections—Past, Present, andFuture,” Refrigerants for the 21stCentury (proceedings of theASHRAE/NIST Conference,Gaithersburg, MD, October1997), ASHRAE, Atlanta,GA, USA, 1997; InternationalJournal of Refrigeration (IJR),21(4):308-321, June 1998.
2) J.M. Calm, “Property,Safety, and EnvironmentalData for Alternative Refriger-ants,” Proceedings of the EarthTechnologies Forum (Washing-ton, DC, USA), Alliance forResponsible Atmospheric Pol-icy, Arlington, VA, USA, 192-205, Oc-tober 1998.
3) J.M. Calm and G.C. Hourahan,“Physical, Safety, and EnvironmentalData for Refrigerants,” Heating/Piping/AirConditioning Engineering, 71(8):27-33, August 1999.
4) J.M. Calm and G.C. Hourahan,“Refrigerant Data Summary,” EngineeredSystems, 18(11):74-88, November 2001.
5) Designation and Safety Classificationof Refrigerants, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard34-2004, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, USA,2004, and both published and pendingaddenda thereto, 2004-2006.
6) R.D. Loss for the InternationalUnion of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) Commission on AtomicWeights and Isotopic Abundances,“Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001(IUPAC Technical Report),” Pure andApplied Chemistry, 75(8):1107-1122,August 2003 and private communica-tions on the 2005 updates in press.
7) J.M. Calm and P.A. Domanski, “R-22 Replacement Status,” ASHRAE Jour-nal, 46(8):29-39, August 2004; erratum,
46(10):8, October 2004.8) World Meteorological Organiza-
tion (WMO), Scientific Assessment ofOzone Depletion: 2006, WMO, Geneva,Switzerland, in press with expected pub-lication in March 2007.
9) Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change (IPCC) and theTechnology and Economic As-sessment Panel (TEAP), Safe-guarding the Ozone Layer andthe Global Climate System: Is-sues Related to Hydrofluorocar-bons and Perfluorocarbons,WMO, Geneva, Switzerland,and the United Nations Envi-ronment Programme (UNEP)Ozone Secretariat, Nairobi,Kenya, 2005.
10) IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change(IPCC), “Climate Change2001: The Scientific Basis—Contribution of WorkingGroup I to the IPCC Third As-sessment Report,” CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge,UK, 2001.
11) UNEP, Handbook for theInternational Treaties for theProtection of the Ozone Layer(Seventh Edition), UNEPOzone Secretariat, Nairobi,Kenya, 2006.
12) World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO), Scien-tific Assessment of Ozone Deple-tion: 2002, report 47, WMOGlobal Ozone Research andMonitoring Project, Geneva,Switzerland, March 2003.
13) IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change (IPCC), “Cli-mate Change 1995 — Contribution ofWorking Group I to the IPCC SecondAssessment Report of the Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change,”Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,UK, 1996.
Copyright © 2007 James M. Calm and Glenn C. Hourahan
64 January 2007 • HPAC Engineering
R E F R I G E R A N T D A T A U P D A T E
TABLE 3. Regulatory and consensus scientific ODP for BFC, CFC,and HCFC refrigerants.
ODPRefrigerant Regulatory11 Modeled12 Semi-empirical8,9,10
11 12 12B1 13 13B1 21 22113114115123124142b
1.0 1.0 3.0 1.010.0 0.04 0.055 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.02 0.022 0.065
1.0000.8205.1001.000
12.0000.0100.0340.9000.8500.4000.0120.0260.043
1.0 1.0 7.1
16
0.05 1.0 1.0 0.44 0.02 0.02 0.07
TABLE 4. Regulatory and consensus scientific GWP for 100-yearintegration of HFC and PFC refrigerants.
GWPRefrigerant Regulatory13 Scientific8,9,10
14 23 32 116 125 134a 143a 152a 161 218 227ea 236ea 236fa 245faC318 744
6,50011,700
6509,2002,8001,3003,800
140
7,0002,900
6,300
8,7001
7,390 14,760
675 12,200 3,500 1,430 4,470
124 12*
8,830 3,220 1,370 9,810 1,030
10,250 1
*R-161 GWP is from Reference 13
