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Regional air quality policy in CLRTAP
-the Gothenburg Protocol
Martin Williams Chair of the CLRTAP Executive Body
and King’s College, London
EU Green Week
Brussels 5 June 2013
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CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
51 Parties in Europe, North America and Central Asia
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Acidified waters Forest damage
The original problems were-
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...and the SCIENCE showed that the cause was long-range transport of pollution needing INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION
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The problems have evolved and now also include Particulate Matter, Ozone and effects on human health and on plants
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Particulate pollution involves long-range transport events
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The Convention and its Protocols
•CLRTAP 1979 •‘First generation’ protocols:
-1985 Sulphur Protocol, 1988 NOx Protocol, 1991 VOC Protocol
•‘Second generation’ protocols: -1994 Sulphur Protocol, 1999 Multi-pollutant Multi-
effects ‘Gothenburg’ Protocol •Protocols on Heavy Metals and POPs (both 1998)
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CLRTAP has reduced emissions.........
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.......and will continue to reduce depositions as the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol improves on the early Oslo
Protocol
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Gothenburg Protocol revised in 2012
• Tighter emission ceilings for SO2, NOx, VOC and NH3 for 2020
• Added a ceiling for PM2.5 • All ceilings to be achieved by 2020 • First environmental policy agreement to include
Short Lived Climate Pollutants – Black Carbon • EECCA/SEE countries closely involved in
negotiations – potentially increasing ratifications
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Revised Gothenburg Protocol EU 2020 % reductions on 2005 base
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SO2 NOx VOCs NH3 PM2.5
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Exceedence of acidity critical loads
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Exceedence of nutrient nitrogen critical loads
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But problems still remain – on public health:
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Long Term Strategy Priorities of CLRTAP
• Increased ratifications and participation(EECCA) • Better compliance • AQ & CC co-benefits • Core strengths
- ‘Gothenburg pollutants’ - Science and policy close links - Realign work on POPs and HMs
• Outreach to rest of world • Streamline structure • Resolve multiple Protocols • Resources (secretariat and other )
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Increased Ratifications • Gothenburg Protocol has 25 ratifications • All EU apart from Norway, Switzerland and the
USA • So effort needed to encourage EECCA/SEE • Revised Protocol did this – watch this space
for ratifications! • The EU has already played a key role in the
Protocol revisions and can continue to encourage and support EECCA/SEE countries efforts
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Thank you!
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