Download - REGISTER TRANSFER & MICROOPERATIONS
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REGISTER TRANSFER&
MICROOPERATIONS
By Sohaib
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Digital System Overview
Each module is built from digital components Registers Decoders Arithmetic elements Control logic
Collection of modules is a digital system.
Modules connected by common data and control paths.
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Microoperations
Elementary operation performed on data within one or more registers
Operation result could update same register or another register
Examples: shift, count, clear, and load Bidirectional shift can shift left or shift
right Counter with parallel load can
perform count and load.
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Internal Hardware Organization
Can be defined by specifying Set of registers and their functions Sequence of microoperations performed on
register data Control that initiates the sequence of
microoperations Can use words to express sequence of
microoperations, but it’s better to use a notation and symbols Register Transfer Language
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Registers
Capital letter sometimes followed by a number
MAR– memory address register PC– program counter IR– instruction register R1,R2 – processor register 1, process
register 2 Each flip-flop in a n-bit register is
numbered from n-1 to 0 from left to right.
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Register Block Diagram
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Register Transfer
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Control Function
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P: R2 R1 Block Diagram
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2nd Register Transfer Example
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Bus Transfers
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Bus System For 4 Registers
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Bus Details
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Memory Transfer
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Microoperations Summary
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Add & Subtract
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Arithmetic Microoperations
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Binary Adder
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4-bit Binary Adder
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Binary Adder-Subtractor
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Binary Adder-Subtractor
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Binary Incrementer
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Binary Incrementer
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Arithmetic Circuit
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4-Bit Arithmetic Circuit
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Arithmetic Circuit Function Table
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4-Bit Arithmetic Circuit
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Logic Micro operations
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Special Symbols
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16 Logic Micro operations- Part 1
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16 Logic Micro Operations – Part 2
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Hardware Implementation
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One Stage of Logic Circuit
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Shift Micro Operations
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Logical Shift Example
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Circular Shift Example
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Arithmetic Shift Example
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Shift Micro Operations
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Shift Hardware Implementation
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4-Bit Combinational Circuit Shifter