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Chondrocranium
Dermatocranium
Splanchnocranium
Remodeling
Triple evolutionary sources
Chondorcranium Oken/Owen
Richard Owen
Chondrocranium
CHONDROCRANIUM
trabeculae parachordals occipitals sensory capsules
sphenoids ethmoids occipitals otic, optic, nasal
CENTERS OF OSSIFICATION
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CHONDROCRANIUM
General Functions1)Adult braincase
(chondrichthyes)
2) ScaffoldNeurocranium
SPLANCHNOCRANIUM(=Visceral Skeleton)
SPLANCHNOCRANIUM(=Visceral Skeleton)
1) support respiration
2) support feeding apparatus
3) later, jaws
SPLANCHNOCRANIUM
JAWS
General Functions1) Prey Traps
2) Crushing
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Derived from Gill Arches
Romer Jarvik
Jaw Suspension
Figure 7.56
Quadrate Incus
Articular Malleus
(Hyomandibula) (stapes)
Cuvier
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Quadrate Incus
Articular Malleus
(Hyomandibula) (stapes)
(Diarthrognathus) Probainognathus
Dermatocranium
DermatocraniumDerived from dermal Armor
Function
protect the brain
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FUNCTION1) Secondary
FUNCTION1) Secondary
2) Primary
respiration
feeding
prey traps
swallowing
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Water vs. Land FUNCTION(feeding)
Aquatic
SuspensionFeeders(cilia-mucus)
Agnathans
Suction Feeders(gape ‘n suck; inertial)
aquatic
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Bass Hog sucker
FUNCTION(feeding)
Air
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TongueSalamander
Salamander Salamander
LizardTongue
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Projectile Tongue
Gary Larsen
PrehensionJaws
FUNCTIONSwallowing
suspension
whole (gizzard)
mastication
Swallowing
Mastication
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SwallowingMastication
precise occlusionspecialized teethdiphyodont
(polyphyodont)
akinetic
CRANIAL KINESIS
Cranial kinesis
Kinetic
Akinetic
CRANIAL KINESISRapid change in size and configuration of buccalcavity.
Tooth position
Kinetic Kinetic
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Strike Kinematics
braincasesupratemproalquadrate
pterygoid ectopterygoidmaxilla
fang
mandible
prefrontal
MODEL (minus mandible)
Strike Kinematics
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