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Remote Sensing
SPOT and Other Moderate Resolution Satellite Systems
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SPOThttp://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spacebrn.htmSPOT 1, 2, 4Le Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (Earth Observation System)
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1. SPOT 1,2,3 A French satellite system - SPOT-1 was launched in Feb 21, 1986- SPOT-2 in 1990 - SPOT-3 in 1993 The first commercial system designed to provide high quality service and data for operational users worldwide
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2. Orbits Altitude 832km Inclination 98.70 10:30am passes descending point 26 days for vertical observation, 1-4 days for oblique observations
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3. SPOT Sensor Systems Components - two identical High Resolution Visible (HRV) imaging systems pushbroom - a telemetry transmitter, and magnetic tape recorders
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3. The Pushbroom Technique Pushbroom" scans based on charge coupled devices (CCD) which allows imaging the entire data line along track A linear array of CCDs each corresponding to a pixel Pushbroom allows longer lifetime, reduced geometric errors, and longer dwell time
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3. Pushbroom .. A 6,000-detector subarray for the pan band Three 3,000-detector subarrays for the three multispectral bands respectively The pointable mirror is controlled by the ground station to acquire oblique images A: Linear Array of Detectors B: Focal Plane of Image C: Lense D: Ground Resolution Cell http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html
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4. SPOT Resolutions Panchromatic mode Multispectral mode
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4. Resolutions - Pan Panchromatic mode - spectral resolution: 0.51-0.73microm - radiometric resolution: 256 level of brightness - spatial resolution: 10x10m - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days
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4. Resolutions - XS Multispectral configuration - spectral resolution: band1: 0.50-0.59mm (green) band2: 0.61-0.68mm (red) band3: 0.79-0.89mm (near infrared) - radiometric resolution: 256 levels - spatial resolution: 20x20m - temporal resolution: 2.5-26 days
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5. The Nadir Viewing The nadir viewing The off-nadir viewing
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5. The Nadir Viewing .. The two 60km swath overlap 3km The total swath is 117km
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5. The Off-Nadir Viewing.. Can view in a maximum 27o in 45 steps of 0.6o each Can view an area of a maximum 950km, with each scene 60-80km http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html
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5. The Off-Nadir Viewing .. The same area can be viewed from different angles to acquire stereo coverage The twin sensors can operate in different viewing angles
http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spot.htm#vegetn
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SPOT 1, 2, 3 SPOT 1 was withdrawn in 1990SPOT 2 is deorbited in 2009SPOT 3 stopped in 1997
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6. SPOT 4, 5, and 6 SPOT 4SPOT 5http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/spot5.htmSPOT 6
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6. SPOT 4 Launched on Mar 23, 1998 High Resolution Visible and Infrared (HRVIR) An additional mid-infrared 1.58-1.75mm for vegetation, mineral, and soil moisture monitoring Replace the pan band with a red band that produces both 10m black/white and 20m XS data A wide IFOV Vegetation Monitoring Instrument with 1km resolution, 2250km swath, B, R, NIR, MIR bands
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6. SPOT 5 Launched on May 3, 2002 Replace HRVIR with two high resolution geometric instruments (HRG) A 5m pan band, 10m G, R, NIR bands, and a 20m MIR band High resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument, prepares 10m global wide DEM
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6. SPOT 6 Launched on September 9, 2012 Altitude 694 Km A 1.5m pan band, 8m B, G, R, NIR bands High resolution stereoscopic (HRS) instrument, prepares 10m global wide DEM
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7. SPOT Data Direct transmission occurs within 2,600km to the ground stations, otherwise tape recorders are used
SPOT Image Co. http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/147-spot-6-7 http://www.astrium-geo.com/na/
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Moderate Resolution Land Satellites IRS (the Indian Remote Sensing)
RESURS-01 (Russia)
ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan)
JERS-1 (Japan)
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1. IRS (The Indian Remote Sensing)Developed, launched, and operated by the Republic of India
IRS-1A(1988) and IRS-1B (1991) - XS bands similar to TM bands 1-4 - spatial resolutions 72.5 m and 36.5m - 140+ km swath
IRS-1C (1995) and IRS-1D (1997) - XS bands 23m resolution, a MIR band 70m resolution - a pan band 5.8m resolution - Wide Field Sensor 188m resolution, 774km swath
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2. RESURS-01 1-4 (Russia)The series was launched by Russia in 1985, 1988, 1994, 1998 RESURS-01 3, 4- 29-45m, 140-185m resolution for the green, red, and 2 NIR bands - 520-740m resolution for the thermal band - 600-710km swath - 4-day temporal resolution at the equator, daily at high latitudes
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3. ADEOS (ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite, Japan) Launched by Japan in 1996
The Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer - B, G, R, NIR bands, 16m resolution - a pan band 8m resolution - 80km swath
Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor - 8 bands in visible and NIR, 4 bands in thermal region - 700m resolution, 3 day temporal resolution
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4. JERS-1 (Japan) Developed by Japan, 1992-1998 Optical Scanner - uses pushbroom scanning in 7 visible, NIR, and MIR bands - stereoscopic observation - 18x24m resolution - 75km swath
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5. Other satellites launched since 2000 by many countries China-Brazil, korea, European space agency, Algeria, Turkey, Nigeria, UK, India, Thailand, Russia, China
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Readings Chapter 6