Reproduction &
Heredity
Stages of Reproduction
Fertilization~
Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube
Embryo:A fertilized egg in the first 2 months
Fetus:From the 3rd month on the embryo is called a fetus.
Stages of Birth:
1.Labor – mild contractions push the baby against the cervix.
2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix and into the birth canal.
3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, the placenta separates and is delivered.
Identical Twins:
Twins developed from the same fertilized egg that splits.
Identical twins develop from one zygote that splits and forms 2 embryos
Develop in two amniotic sacs
Share the same amniotic sac
Fraternal Twins:
Twins that develop at same time but from separate fertilized eggs.
Vaginal Birth:A natural birth of a baby..
Breech Birth:Feet or butt of a baby enters the birth canal first.
Video
Cesarean Section (C section)~An incision is made in the abdomen and uterus in order to deliver the baby.
Video
Anemia~
Low number of healthy red blood cells, insufficient iron. The baby takes iron to make red blood cells.
Toxemia~
The body retains toxic waste, which can lead to weight gain and swollen feet.
If left untreated, it can lead to convulsions and coma.
Gestational Diabetes~
Occasionally a pregnant woman may temporarily develop diabetes, usually near the end of her pregnancy, which can cause the baby to be big.
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Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract and force a nonliving embryo from the body, usually within the first 3 months.
Still Birth~ Occurs when a motherdelivers a nonliving fetus after full term.
Video
Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a sterile environment and at a warm temperature until fully developed.
Premature Birth~ babies born before they are fully developed.
Birth Defects~Physical or mental disabilities that are present at birth.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) ~ birth defects caused by alcohol consumptionduring pregnancy. This disability is 100% preventable!
Heredity:
Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that carry hereditary information from generation to generation.
Every cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from mother and 23 from father.
X Chromosomes = Female (XX)
Y Chromosomes = Male (XY)
Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into smaller units which contain instructions to help determine a certaincharacteristic of an individual.
DNA ~ makes upthe genes.
Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait coded for by the gene even if only one gene is present.
Recessive Genes~ Occurs only if a dominant gene is not present. (ex…rolling your tongue)
Prenatal Diagnosis:
Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic fluid from the mother.
Ultrasound~ Sound waves used toproduce images of the fetus.