Download - Research design power point
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Alverno CollegeStatistics
Why learn statistics?What are the different research designs used to collect data?
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Priorities for Part IDefinition of StatisticsPopulations vs. SampleDescriptive Statistics vs. Inferential StatisticsExperimental, Quasi-Experimental, Correlational
DesignsIndependent , Quasi-Independent, Dependent
VariablesControl vs. Experimental GroupsTypes of MeasurementStatistical Notation
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What types of research questions do we ask?(Theoretical Reasoning: Analysis and Developing a Global Perspective)
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What types of research questions do we ask?What types of responses are observed?
(Descriptive Statistics)
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What types of research questions do we ask?What conclusions can I make about a
population based on the sample data?
(Inferential Statistics)
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What types of research questions do we ask?How do groups differ from each other on a specific variable?
Comparing Groups- based on different characteristics
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What types of research questions do we ask?How do groups differ from each other on a specific variable?
Comparing Groups- based on different conditions
with a rebellious peerwithout a rebellious peer
Stanley Milgram Experiments
Prisoner Guard
The Standard Prison ExperimentZimbardo
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What types of research questions do we ask?Which variables help us predict specific behaviors?
(Analyze Relationships between Variables)
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What do final reports of data look like?Forget what you know about study habitsImproving the Writing Skills of StudentsTexting = Epic FailThe Status of Girls in Wisconsin
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A PlanTo conduct research, we need a plan!
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Types of Research DesignsExperimental
Administration of condition by the researcher Cause and Effect
Quasi- Experimental Compares groups based on pre-existing
characteristics Describes Differences
Correlational Collecting Information about a specific behavior Exploring Relationships among Variables
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Components of an Experimental Research Design
Independent variable: The variable the researcher will test (control).
Dependent variable: Researchers will measure responses on the dependent variable.
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Components of a Quasi -Experimental Research Design
Quasi- Independent variable: The variable the researcher uses to create different groups from pre-existing characteristics.
Dependent variable:Researchers will measure responses on the
dependent variable.
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Components of a Correlational Research DesignTypically we don’t distinguish between
Independent/Dependent VariablesWe examine how variables relate to each
otherNegative correlation
As one variable increases the other decreasesPositive correlation
As one variable increases the other also increases
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Correlation Coefficient (Cont’d)
What is the relationship between?
Gasoline prices and grocery prices?
Stress and depression?
Depression and job productivity?
Partying and grades?
Study time and grades?
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Correlation (cont’d)
Correlation coefficient “r”
0 to +.3 = weak +.4 to +.6 = medium +.7 to +1.0 = strong
0 to -.3 = weak -.4 to -.6 = medium -.7 to -1.0 = strong
-1 0 +1
DirectInverseWeak
Strong Strong
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Scatterplots
Correlation between two variables plotted on graph
A diagonal line = closely related variables
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Examples of Scatterplots
SAT & GPA Correlation
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
SAT
GPA
Missed Classes & GPA
0.0
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Missed classes
GPA
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Scatterplots (cont’d)
What correlation (r ) do you think this graph has?
How about this correlation?
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More Scatterplots
What might this correlation be? This correlation?
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Identifying Research DesignsGravetter & Wallnau 8th edition:
Page 19, learning checkPages 33-34
1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15a & 15b, 17aIn Class Activity
Reading Published Articles Findling, et al. (2006) Gringerich & Lineweaver (2012)
HomeworkGravetter & Wallnau pages 33-346, 8, 10a, 12, 16
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Experimental Design
Correlation Design
Quasi-Experimental
Research
Comparing Groups
Cause and Effect
Relationships
Having a plan
Choose the best matches
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Independent Variable
Quasi-Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Responses or Observations
Manipulated
Used to Group Participants
Choose the best matches