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Research Methodology
EPH 7112
LECTURE 4: ANALYSIS PHASE
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Contents
Analysis phaseObjectiveDescribe problemSet performance criteriaInvestigate related workIdentifying the objectives of the studyAssignment: Critical Review
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Analysis phase
Stems from the Greek wordAnaluein – to undoAna – throughoutLuein – to loosen
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Analysis phase
Implies fundamental process of analysis
To disassemble something Into its component parts
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Analysis phase objective
Gain thorough understanding
of the components of the problem
leading to a specific objective
for the task
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Analysis phase steps
Describe problem Set performance criteria Investigate related work State objective
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Car breaks down
Study the symptoms Read the manuals Call your friend Call AAM Sldnflsn Sdnfks slndflnd
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Step 1: Describe problem
What seems to be the problem?
“I have a sore throat” “What is this rash on my
arm?” “Please find out what’s
causing these terrible headache”
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Describe problem
“I have a sore throat” - Complaint “What is this rash on my arm?” -
Question “Please find out what’s causing these
terrible headache” - Requirement
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Describe problem
Doctor will diagnose illness Explore background Objective: run test to diagnose illness Hypotheses determine what test Synthesis carry out test Validation: conclusion Research Task – acquire
knowledge
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Describe problem
“Please treat my tonsillitis” Doctor will provide medication Development task
Apply existing knowledge to create an effect
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Problem statement
Expressed as an interrogative sentencedeclarative sentenceimperative sentence
that summarizes a question, complaint or requirement
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Problem statement
Background to problem required Minimize initial conditions To allow innovation
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Step 2: Set Performance Criteria Requirements any solution to problem
must fulfill Clearly defined Explained and justified
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Set performance criteria
Avoid performance criteria that are: Excessively precise Conflicting
Hard rules vs. Soft rules Limitations limit innovation
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Set performance criteria
Development projects constrained byMarket demandApplication domain
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Set performance criteria
Aerospace new plane to carry 450 passengers maximum range > 10,000 km
Result of market survey Profitable routes
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Set performance criteria
Microchip manufacturer
run 3 times faster than closest competitor heat dissipation and power requirement
suitable for laptop
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Step 3: Investigate related work
Investigate what has been done before
To avoid reinventing the wheel
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Investigate related work
The objective may have been achieved in the past
Results can be acquired and applied Especially if industrial research Purchase the solution! Buy vs. Make
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Investigate related work
Postgraduate – academic research Need original and significant contribution No news is good news Secure publication fast
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Investigate related work
How to investigate? Typically from literature searches Printed version Online version
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Investigate related work
Printed version
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Investigate related work
Online version
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Investigate related work
Library resourcesOnline databasesOnline JournalsThesis collectionBooksE-booksSerial collection
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Investigate related work
Books Monographs Technical reports Internet Newspaper Magazine Manufacturer technical specification
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Investigate related work
Easily accessible Often overlooked
discussion with colleaguesnetworking at conferences and
meetingstechnical seminarsVendors and suppliers
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Investigate related work
Critical review Scrutinize ideas & findings
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Step 4: State objective
To express what to achieve Single objective Highly specific Realistic expectation
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State objective
S. M. A. R. T. S – specific M – measurable A – attainable R – realistic T – time frame
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Conclusion
Analysis phase is fundamental to the Scientific Method
To seek understanding of the problem Carried out iteratively and recursively